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1

Effect of touristic activities on seabirds’ habitat selection on sandy beaches

Costa Leonardo, Rangel Danilo Freitas, Zalmon Ilana

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2023

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Vol. 52, No. 3

287--298

EN

Seabirds are biological models for habitat selection studies at different spatial scales. In general, seabirds select areas with a higher availability of prey, but human disturbances can modify their spatial and temporal foraging patterns in urban coastal ecosystems. Here we tested the hypothesis that human activities prevent seabirds foraging on beach sectors that are impacted by urbanization and recreational activities. Seabirds were counted while foraging at the interface between the surf zone and foreshore in three sectors with different levels of urbanization in southeastern Brazil. Physical variables, prey abundance, and human stressors, such as the number of people and dogs, were also measured. The brown booby Sula leucogaster foraged mainlyin the least impacted sector, despite the lower abundance of prey and harsher physical conditions. The number of individuals of this species was negatively related to the number of people, indicating a human-induced avoidance behaviour. In turn, the kelp gull Larus dominicanus, asynatropic species, was more abundant in the high impact sector. Our results have implications for the management and conservation of sandy beaches, especially regarding the zoning and selection of priority areas for environmental protection and nature-based ecotourism activities.

2

Climatic and anthropogenic drivers of zero-flow events in intermittent rivers in Poland

Rutkowska Agnieszka, Osuch Marzena, Żelazny Mirosław, Banasik Kazimierz, Klimek Mariusz

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 57

52--61

EN

River intermittence was studied based on data from hydrological monitoring in Poland. We screened the entire state database and two another data sources applying the criterion for zero-flow event: discharge less than 0.0005 m3∙s-1, and found five intermittent rivers with catchment area from 9.2 to 303.7 km2. We aimed at finding associations between intermittence and climatic driving forces (temperature and precipitation), and between intermittence and anthropogenic activity. We used the Spearman correlation coefficient, circular statistics, and statistical tests for trend. The concentration of zero-flow days, mostly in summer, and the decreasing trend in the standardised precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) in all catchments at various aggregation levels, and an increasing trend in the total number of zero-flow days and in the maximum length of zero flow events in two rivers, were detected. The strong negative correlation (–0.62 ≤ ρ < 0) between intermittence and the SPEI backward lagged in time showed that intermittence resulted from prolonged deficits in climatic water balance due to increasing evapotranspiration. The reaction of the Noteć catchment, amplified by the anthropogenic pressure (brown coal mines), was reflected in the atypical shape of the rose diagram and in inhomogeneities in river discharges. The results show that the rose diagram can serve as an indicator of the degree of anthropogenic impact on runoff conditions.

3

Spatial and temporal analysis of landscape dynamics in the Kostanay region under an-thropogenic impacts

Ozgeldinova Zhanar, Mukayev Zhandos, Zhanguzhina Altyn, Bektemirowa Assel, Ulykpanova Meruyert

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2023

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Vol. 49, no 4

80--94

EN

The aim of the work is to develop a method of landscape dynamics under anthropogenic impact. The developed methodology is tested on the territory of Kostanay region, which is one of the main regions of mining industry development, with a focus on iron ore mining and crop production. Space images and field survey results are used as input materials. In general, the work consists of the following six stages: the first stage includes the selection and processing of space images, the second stage includes the calculation of indices based on data from different channels of space images, the third stage includes field work aimed at collecting information for verification of the obtained results on the basis of RS data, the fourth stage includes the calculation of range values, the fifth stage comprises verification of the obtained indices, and the final sixth stage deals with calculation of the integral index of landscape degradation degree and analysis of landscape dynamics under anthropogenic impacts. The calculation of the integral indicator of the degree of degradation of the natural environment of the Kostanay region, based on the degradation of each indicator in the conditions of anthropogenic impact, allowed for identification of landscapes with different degrees of degradation (from weak to very strong). The research confirmed that landscapes with a high degree of degradation under anthropogenic impact are confined to semi-desert landscapes in the south of the study region. The degradation of these landscapes is associated not only with anthropogenic impacts but also with natural and climatic features that influence the development of landscape pollution processes. On the contrary, landscapes with a weak degree of degradation correspond to the forest-steppe and steppe zones, characterized by a high level of economic development and resistance to anthropogenic impacts. The verification of the obtained indicators by the values of the remaining 25% of field points determines the reliability of the obtained results, ranging from 87% to 92%, confirming the correct choice of methods and techniques for obtaining the results, especially the choice of field methods and vegetation and non-vegetation indices for assessing the selected indicators. Subsequently, based on the verified map of degradation of the natural environment, created through space monitoring for a certain period, it is possible to forecast the functioning of the natural environment in the conditions of anthropogenic impact.

4

First record of straight-needle pteropod Creseis acicula Rang, 1828 bloom in the Çanakkale Strait (NE Aegean Sea, Turkey)

Tunçer Sezginer, Öğretmen Nazik, Çakır Fikret, Öztekin Alkan, Oral Ayhan, Suner Salih Can

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2021

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Vol. 50, No. 3

310--324

EN

Pteropods are marine pelagic calcifier mollusks sensitive to chemical changes in seawater due to their highly soluble aragonite shells. Increased acidity (reduced pH) of seawater causes difficulties in precipitating their shells and/or results in their dissolution, which is related to increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations and warming of seawater. They are therefore indicators of environmental changes. In this paper, we present the first record of the straight-needle pteropod Creseis acicula Rang, 1828 bloom in the surface waters of the Ҫanakkale Strait, Turkey (NE Aegean Sea), encountered in July 2020, when the highest sea surface temperatures and pH levels since 2007 were recorded. In coastal zones, such as the Ҫanakkale Strait, anthropogenic activity contributes significantly to environmental changes. Consequently, the increase in pH at elevated temperatures indicates an auxiliary factor (i.e. anthropogenic activity) that triggered the C. acicula bloom, rather than global atmospheric CO2 levels.

5

Assessment of the Impact of Natural and Anthropogenic Factors on the State of Water Objects in Urbanized and Non-Urbanized Areas in Lozova District (Ukraine)

Loboichenko Valentyna, Leonova Nataliia, Shevchenko Roman, Kapustnik Anna, Yeremenko Serhii, Pruskyi Andrii

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2021

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Vol. 22, iss. 2

59--66

EN

The paper analyzes the impact of urban areas on the state of water objects which are under the influence of these areas. Furthermore, the temporal regularities of the oscillations in electrical conductivity in a number of water objects in Lozova Town and Lozova District (Ukraine) were obtained using the method of conductometry. It was discovered that there was no significant anthropogenic impact on the studied water objects in Lozova Town and Lozova District of Kharkiv Region. The fluctuations in conductivity are mainly related to surface runoff. It was shown that the water in Lozova Town and Lozova District is characterized by electrical conductivity values in the range from 2000 μS to 3000 μS.

6

Zmiany poziomu morza : przyczyny, skale czasowe i historia ich poznania

Boski Tomasz, Wilamowski Andrzej

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2020

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Vol. 68, nr 11

820--823

EN

Sea level changes provoked by multiple forcings that act in a wide range of time scales attracted human interest for several millennia. However, the bases of modern understanding of this phenomenon and its quantitative expression were achieved during the last two centuries. At present, owing to a series of altimetric observations made by 4 satellite missions in the last 30years, the mean sea level (MSL) rise calculated for the whole Earth is estimated to be 3-3.5 mm per year, with at least half of this value being attributable to human-induced climate warming. About 125,000 years ago, during the last interglacial (Eemian) that was warmer than the current period, the MSL was about 5 m higher than today. Approximately 116,000 years ago, the sea level began to decline as a result of gradual cooling of the climate that led to glaciation, which in the Northern Hemisphere had a climax at 20-30 ka BP. The transition from the last glacial maximum to the current warm period, covering the last 20,000years, includes the transfer of about 35 106 km3 of water from melting ice caps of the Northern Hemisphere to the oceanic reservoir, causing an increase in sea level of about 130 m. The average rate of MSL rise was about 10 mm per year, although over the last seven millennia, the MSL rising rate dropped to about 1-1.5 mm per year. These changes are considered representative of the natural variability of the Earth's climate system over the past 2 million years.

7

A two-decade record of variations in suspended sediment in the Warta River, a lowland river in western Poland

Skolasińska Katarzyna, Nowak Bogumił, Bradtke Katarzyna

Geological Quarterly

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2020

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Vol. 64, No. 4

1048--1060

EN

Fluctuations in suspended sediment concentration (SSC) has been investigated in the Warta River(western Poland), based on data obtained for the period 1961-1980 from three gauge stations located in upstream, middle-stream and downstream areas. Over the two decades, the SSC values demonstrated wide fluctuations and an overall increase at each gauge station. No significant correlation was generally observed between SSC and discharge but high SSC was found to follow low discharge and increasing temperature during the summer seasons in some years. Measurements of SSC and discharge were used to estimate total annual suspended sediment load (SSL). SSL values were found to increase downstream along with an increase in discharge. SSC decreases along the river course. However, when it comes to changes over time, SSL variability was mainly determined by SSC changes. The maximum SSC values were primarily caused by anthropogenic factors: the disposal of mine wastewater upstream, river training works, increased urbanisation and the intensification of sewage disposal. Where the river catchment has been greatly affected by anthropogenic factors, a denudation index calculated solely based on SSC and discharge does not appear to reflect the actual denudation rate, and must be treated with caution.

8

Methodology of ecodiagnostics on the example of rural areas

Koval Viktor V., Petrashevska Angelina D., Popova Olga L., Mikhno Inesa S., Gaska Krzysztof

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

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2019

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Vol. 12, no. 1

139--144

EN

The present state of the environment in the rural area has been analyzed. The main factors which led to the existing situation have been revealed. The structure of Ukraine’s crops area and the amount of accumulated waste in Ukraine influencing the agricultural landscapes of rural areas have been analyzed. The dependence between the amount of accumulated waste and the incidence within the time interval was revealed. As a result of calculations, we have received the social losses due to an increase in the morbidity of the population living in the area of the impact of landfills, the coefficient of ecological stability of the studied territories was calculated and it was found that the presence of landfills reduces the coefficient of ecological stability. It has been revealed that with the help of satellite data monitoring of agricultural landscapes is possible, which can be used in calculating the price of land considering the quality factor of this land.

9

The Reconstruction of the Bathymetry of The Non-Existent Krokowo Lake

Ptak M.

Quarterly of Environmental Engineering and Design

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2018

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Vol. 171 (51)

36--42

EN

The intensive drainage works conducted a few centuries ago in Poland contributed to a significant depletion of the hydrographic network. Currently, there are more and more frequent problems with water stress and the introduction of a programme aiming at the retention development, i.e. through the construction of artificial reservoirs or damming up natural lakes. The paper presents the reconstruction of the morphometry of the non-existent Krokowo lake. It was found that the reservoir with the surface area of 58 ha and volume of 2.6 million m3 disappeared as a result of the anthropogenic impact. In the light of an increase in the retention possibilities in Poland, the restoration of natural lakes to their original condition seems to be an interesting approach. Renaturalisation of these environmental elements in the context of the balance components' improvement seems to be more justified that the creation of new (artificial) components.

10

Results of hydrological studies and channel analysis of the Ganges (Padma) River at the construction site of the “Rooppur” NPP

Zavadsky A. S., Botavin D. V., Golovlev P. P., Mikhailova N. M., Morozova E. A., Promakhova E. V., Turykin L. A.

Geography and Tourism

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2018

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Vol. 6, No. 1

41--53

EN

This work presents the results of research on channel processes in the Padma River (Republic of Bangladesh) at the construction site of the “Ruppur” Nuclear Power Plant (NPP). The fluvial characteristics of the Padma River were presented, including: the water outflow regime, characteristics of anthropogenic impact on the river outflow and assessment of the present state of the channel and floodplain. The research was conducted based on field expeditions, during which data on morphology, dynamics, hydrological and hydraulic conditions for the formation of the floodplain-channel complex were collected. Moreover, the water discharges and suspended sediments, as well as the longitudinal profiles of the water level and the channel morphology were measured. The presented research has shown that comprehensive and planned regulation of selected sections of rivers could lead to the channel stabilization and support the rational use of water resources for different purposes, e.g. power plants, municipal purposes, etc. Moreover, detailed research on channel deformation in selected areas indicated the major role of natural factors (geological structure, the type of sediments delivered to the river, vegetation cover, etc.) in the past and present fluvial processes.

11

Assessment of the climate and human impact on estuarine water environments in two estuaries of the Bay of Biscay

Iriarte A., Villate F., Uriarte I., Arranz S.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2016

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Vol. 45, No. 4

505--523

EN

The effect of climate variability on estuarine water environments was assessed in two systems of the Bay of Biscay, the estuaries of Bilbao and Urdaibai, with contrasting morphology, hydrodynamic features and anthropogenic influence. To that purpose, the main time scales of variability in relevant environmental factors were established along spatial salinity gradients and, using a combination of multivariate and regression analyses, the contribution of each factor to the total variability, as well as the influence of climate factors in the seasonal and inter-annual estuarine environment variations were assessed. The major seasonal modes of variability in the water environments of both estuaries were accounted for by water temperature together with salinity stratification and/or chlorophyll a. This seasonal variability was associated with climate variability, as shown by the relationship with air temperature and river flow. The major inter-annual modes of variability were also accounted for by water temperature, along with dissolved oxygen and/or chlorophyll a in Bilbao, and chlorophyll a and/or transparency in Urdaibai. These were also associated with climate variability, in this case summer air temperatures. Water quality variables, such as dissolved oxygen and transparency, were found to be sensitive to reveal the effect of long term anthropogenic activities.

12

Anthropogenic impact on river basins : temporal evolution of sediment classes and accumulation rates in the northern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy

Scanu S., de Mendoza F. P., Piazzolla D., Marcelli M.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2015

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Vol. 44, No. 1

74--86

EN

In this study, sedimentological and geochronological data from sections of a core (GRT50) collected in the Northern Latium coastal area were compared to data on pluviometric (rainfall) trends, river flows and the temporal evolution of human interventions in the three most important hydrographic basins (Mignone, Marta and Fiora) of this coastal area. The statistical analysis of pluviometric trends identified variations due to a decreasing trend in the Fiora river basin, whereas in the two other locations the decrease was not so significant. Data from the sedimentological analysis of the core confirmed a progressive decrease in the sandy component, which declined from about 30% to the current level of 7% over the last 36 years. There was no significant variation in the sediment mass accumulation rates (MAR), which were characterized by an almost cyclic trend that was probably determined by the most intense floods in the study area. The results revealed that the variations caused by the fluvial processes have affected the water runoff of the Fiora River, and that the consequent decrease in the sand production has been responsible for the recession of beaches in the coastal area between Tarquinia and Montalto di Castro.

13

Relations Between Natural and Post-industrial Areas with Transformed Relief on the Example of Śląsko-Dąbrowski Region

Opania Sz., Szaton K.

Architektura Krajobrazu

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2015

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nr 4

4--19

EN

The Śląsko-Dąbrowski region presents a typical image of post-industrial Silesia. The industry, mainly hard coal extraction, has left its mark on the landscape. However, as years passed, nature found its way to come into existence, even in those degraded lands, transformed by anthropogenic impact and it has shaped a new image of the region. The relations between post-industrial and natural areas turned out to be very strong. However, in order to become the basis for the process of revitalisation they need to be properly defined and emphasized. Based on the inventory lists and analyses of determinants, thirteen groups of related natural and post-industrial sites in the Śląsko-Dąbrowski region have been identified, and potential directions of their development have been indicated. The factor that determined the nature of an area was mainly the level to which the transformation was preserved – anthropogenic impact provides opportunities for interesting space formation, as well asenvironmental values and landscape. The identified areas also differ in the type and strength of their relations. The identified relations include spatial, landscape and functional relations, to which each group of sites was then assigned. The findings of the study confirm the occurrence of the phenomenon of interpenetration of valuable natural sites and transformed sites, and they prove that the process of renaturalisation has started spontaneously. Exploiting the landscape- and terrainrelated potential of the interrelated areas may significantly improve the functioning of the cities of the Śląsko-Dąbrowski region and, in a broader perspective, of Silesia.

PL

Region śląsko-dąbrowski wpisuje się w charakterystyczny obraz poprzemysłowego Śląska. Przemysł – a szczególnie wydobycie węgla kamiennego – odcisnęło w krajobrazie swoje piętno. Po upływie lat przyroda odnalazła jednak drogę, aby zaistnieć nawet na tych zdegradowanych, przekształconych przez człowieka terenach i uformowała nowy obraz regionu. Związki obszarów poprzemysłowych i przyrodniczych okazały się wyjątkowo silne, jednak aby mogły stać się bazą procesu rewitalizacji, wymagają wskazania i wzmocnienia. Na podstawie inwentaryzacji urbanistycznej i analiz uwarunkowań zdefiniowano trzynaście grup powiązanych obszarów przyrodniczych i poprzemysłowych regionu śląsko-dąbrowskiego, wraz ze wskazaniem potencjalnych kierunków ich rozwoju. Za czynniki decydujące o charakterze obszaru uznano przede wszystkim: stopień zachowania przekształceń (antropopresja daje możliwości interesującego kształtowania przestrzeni) oraz wartości przyrodnicze i krajobrazowe. Obszary różnią się także rodzajem i siłą powiązań. Wyszczególniono powiązania przestrzenne, krajobrazowe i funkcjonalne, następnie przyporządkowano do nich każdą z grup obszarów. Wyniki badań potwierdzają występowanie zjawiska przenikania się obszarów cennych przyrodniczo i przekształconych oraz dowodzą, że proces renaturalizacji rozpoczął się samoistnie. Wykorzystanie potencjału krajobrazowego i terenowego powiązanych obszarów może znacznie poprawić funkcjonowanie miast regionu śląsko-dąbrowskiego, a w szerszej perspektywie - Śląska.

14

Application of variational data assimilation algorithms in the ecological monitoring system

Rakhmetullina S., Turganbayev Y., Gromaszek K.

Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska

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2012

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nr 4a

33-35

EN

The article deals with a question of application of variation algorithms in the system of ecological monitoring for the detection of sources of pollution with unknown location.

PL

Artykuł poświęcony jest zadaniu wykorzystania algorytmu wariacyjnej asymilacji danych w systemie monitoringu ekologicznego do wyznaczenia funkcji stanu oceny intensywności znanego źródła oraz detekcji źródeł zakłóceń o nieznanych lokalizacjach.

15

Spływy powierzchniowe związków biogennych ze zlewni dwóch dopływów zbiornika Solina o różnym stopniu zagospodarowania zlewni

Koszelnik P., Bartoszek L.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Budownictwo i Inżynieria Środowiska

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2011

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z. 58, nr 4

99-106

PL

W pracy przeprowadzono analizę strat azotu, fosforu, krzemu i węgla organicznego ze zlewni dwóch potoków - dopływów zbiornika Solina. Antropogeniczny wpływ na dopływający ładunek fosforu zidentyfikowano w zlewni potoku Daszówka. Wody te wnosiły także do odbiornika więcej krzemu rozpuszczonego. Z naturalnej zlewni potoku Paniszczówka spływały większe ładunki azotu, głównie azotanowego. Ładunki ogólnego węgla organicznego były w obydwu przypadkach zbliżone.

EN

The paper presents an analysis of surface runoffs of nitrogen, phosphorus, dissolved silica and organic carbon from the catchment area of two streams, tributaries of the Solina reservoir. Anthropogenic impact on phosphorus load flowing in the basin of the stream was identified in case of the Daszówka stream, moreover these waters supplied more loads of dissolved silica. The Paniszczówka stream has more natural catchment area and larger loads of nitrogen, mainly nitrate were noted for this case. Loads of total organic carbon were similar in both streams.

16

Geochemical background - an environmental perspective

Gałuszka A., Migaszewski Z. M.

Mineralogia

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2011

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Vol. 42, iss. 1

7--17

EN

This article presents the concept of geochemical background from an environmental perspective. The idea of establishing the typical concentrations of elements in various environmental compartments, proposed by exploratory geochemists almost 50 years ago was important for the detection of anomalous element concentrations, thus providing a basic tool in the search for new mineral deposits. At present, the knowledge of the geochemical background of hazardous elements is essential for: defining pollution, identifying the source of contamination, and for establishing reliable environmental quality criteria for soils, sediments and surface waters. The article presents geochemical methods of evaluation of anthropogenic influence on the environment and discusses the problem of defining and understanding the term “geochemical background” and related terms in environmental sciences. It also briefly presents methods of geochemical background evaluation based on the results of environmental sample analyses. It stresses the role of geochemical background in our understanding of environmental pollution and pollution prevention.

17

Materialne usługi środowiska w świetle założeń ekonomii zrównoważonego rozwoju

Michałowski A.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2011

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nr 1

45--63

PL

W niniejszym opracowaniu podjęto próbę analizy usług środowiska związanych z ekologicznymi procesami przetwarzania materii, która stanowi, obok energii i informacji, podstawowy zasób naturalny środowiska przyrodniczego. Problematyka zachowania materialnych usług środowiska jest obszarem tworzącej się ekonomii zrównoważonego rozwoju. Realizacja jej założeń stanowi niezbędny warunek osiągnięcia odpowiedniej jakości materialnych usług środowiska. Przedstawiona problematyka materialnych usług środowiska jest niezwykle istotna w tworzącej się ekonomii zrównoważonego rozwoju. Zachowanie ich odpowiedniej jakości jest warunkiem możliwości wdrożenia zrównoważonego rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego.

EN

Preservation of ecosystem services is a necessary condition for the implementation of sustainable development. In the paper the author attempts to analyze ecosystem services related to the environmental processes for treatment of the matter that constitutes, in addition to energy and information, the basic natural resource environment. The issue of preserving the material ecosystem services is an area of emerging sustainable development economics. Ecosystem services are still very variously defined, and the methodology of their analysis is mixed. According to the author of ecosystem services, as a category of sustainable development economics can be defined as follows: they are all ecological processes are carried out by the forces of geophysical and living organisms, which process matter, energy and information, as well as transforming the space so as to contribute to the decrease in the intensity entropy flux in makrosystemie environment-economy-society. In the area of material ecosystem services should be divided into the following types: processing of material in the cover soil, the production of organic matter, decomposition of organic matter and anthropogenic pollution. Inclusion of material ecosystem services in the sustainable development economics requires the development of methodologies for their measurement and economic valuation methods, which should make use of the achievements of formal and natural sciences.

18

Stosowanie informacji przestrzennej dla wyznaczenia znaczących oddziaływań antropogenicznych i ich skutków na wody rzek Polski

Walczykiewicz T., Łasut E., Kubacka D., Barszczyńska M., Rataj C., Opial-Gałuszka U., Zientarska B.

Roczniki Geomatyki

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2007

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T. 5, z. 3

173-181

EN

The paper discusses the use of GIS tools and spatial information for defining significant anthropogenic impact and its effect on the waters of Polish rivers. In the EU the basic legal act regulating the issues of protecting water resources and ecosystems dependent on water resources is the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/WE (WFD). According to the requirements of the above Directive, EU member countries will have to achieve good status of surface waters by the end of 2015. Evaluating the effects of anthropogenic pressure on water environment is the first step conditioning future remedial actions. The identification of significant impacts was carried out with the use of GIS technology, which was in accordance with the guidelines for implementing RDW in EU member countries. The paper presents recommendations of the Water Framework Directive as regards the analysis of anthropogenic pressure. In order to carry out this analysis geospatial information was necessary. Some of the data were prepared within the framework of previous stages of RDW implementation, while the remaining data were obtained especially for the purposes of the above mentioned analysis. The paper presents this data as well as the methodology adopted for identifying significant anthropogenic impacts. The basic spatial unit for which the analysis was carried out was so called .aggregated part of surface waters. (SCWP). This term stands for the area that encompasses several adjoining sub-basin areas of similar character, identified for the purposes of water management planning. Also, examples of results of GIS analyses are provided, performed with the use of data from Regional Data Bank that was created and is managed by the Central Statistical Office (GUS). Additionally, the paper describes indicators used for the assessment of morphological changes as well as methods to calculate selected examples of indicators. The result of spatial analyses is final assessment of possible obstacles to achieving good status of waters by the end of 2015, prepared on the basis of information on hydrology and morphology of watercourses as well as on causative factors.

19

Sulphate reduction - methane oxidation: a potential role of this process in the origin of C isotope environmental record in freshwater carbonates

Jędrysek M. O.

Polish Geological Institute Special Papers

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2005

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Vol. 16

18--34

EN

It is demonstrated that microbial oxidation of organic compounds (including methane), in freshwater sediments, may result in precipitation of carbonates, which may become an important geochemical archive of palaeoenvironmental variations. Most probably low 13C value in calcite in eutrophic systems results from an advanced oxidation of organic compounds in turbulent or/and sulphate-rich conditions. Likewise, high 13C value in calcite from organic-rich sediments may evidence low red-ox potential of the freshwater system. More advanced studies might help to calibrate a new tool for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. Oxidation of methane and organic matter results in significant isotope effects in sulphates dissolved in water. Therefore, to better understand the origin of carbon isotope signal in carbonates, concentration and stable isotope measurements in dissolved sulphate (water column), bubble methane and calcite (freshwater sediments) have been carried out in 24 lakes, 2 ponds and 4 rivers in Poland. Dissolved sulphate is a major compound of freshwater systems and sulphur, being an important bioelement, controls many processes in lakes therefore quality of water (e.g. microbial sequestration of organic compounds, inhibitor of methane ebullitive flux). The highest concentration of sulphate has been detected in rivers (85.47 SO42-mg/l) and an artificial lake (70.3 SO42 -mg/l) located in the extremely -polluted region called the "Black Triangle". The lowest concentration of sulphate are found in dystrophic and mountain lakes (from 0.5 to about 3 SO42- mg/l ). The lowest δ34S(SO42-) and δ18O(SO42-) values occur in unpolluted lakes in Eastern Poland (-0.94 and 1.38‰, respectively). The highest δ34S(SO42-) and δ18O(SO42-) values are found in polluted lakes in western Poland and dystrophic lakes (12.95 and 16.15‰, respectively). It is proposed that δ34S(SO42-) and δ18O(SO42-13C(CH4) water column, in a strongly contaminated lake, is observed. This is probably due to a loss of biological buffering potential of the lake accompanied by an active oxidation of methane precursors.

PL

W pracy wykazano, że węglany jeziorne powstałe w wyniku mikrobiologicznego utleniania związków organicznych (w tym metanu), przy redukcji jonów siarczanowych, mogą stanowić ważny geochemiczny zapis zmian środowiskowych. Najprawdopodobniej niskie wartości 13C w kalcycie, w rzekach i jeziorach eutroficznych wynikają z silnego utleniania związków organicznych w warunkach turbulencji i/lub podwyższonych stężeń siarczanu. Podobnie, wysokie wartości 13C w kalcycie, zawartym w osadach słodkowodnych bogatych w materię organiczną, mogą wskazywać na niski potencjał redox. Na podstawie tego typu badania wydaje się możliwe wykalibrowanie nowego narzędzia do rekonstrukcji palaeośrodowiskowych. Z drugiej strony, utlenianie metanu (związków organicznych) może powodować wzbogacenie rezydualnego jonu siarczanowego w ciężkie izotopy tlenu i siarki. Dlatego, aby lepiej zrozumieć sygnał izotopowy w węglanach jeziornych, wykonano badania stężenia i badania izotopowe siarczanu kolumny wodnej oraz badania metanu i kalcytu w osadach 24 jezior, 2 stawów i 4 rzek w Polsce. Rozpuszczony jon siarczanowy jest jednym z głównych składników rozpuszczonych w wodach jeziornych, a siarka, jako istotny biopierwiastek, wpływa na procesy zachodzące w jeziorach, w tym na jakość wód (mikrobiologiczny rozkład związków organicznych, inhibitor metanogenezy). Najwyższe stężenie jonu siarczanowego stwierdzono w rzekach (85,47 ncentration of sulphate has been detected in rivers (85.47 SO42- mg/l) i sztucznym jeziorze (70,3 SO42 -42- mg/l) w regionie silnego zanieczyszczenia (tzw. "Czarny Trójkąt") w Polsce południowo-zachodniej. Najniższe stężenie siarczanu stwierdzono w jeziorach dystroficznych i oligotroficznych - górskich (od 0,5 do 3 mg/l SOSO42 -). Najniższe wartości δ34S(SO42-) i δ18O(SO42-) występują w niezanieczyszczonych jeziorach wschodniej Polski (-0,94 i 1,38‰). Najwyższe wartości δ34S(SO42-) i δ18O(SO42-) stwierdzono w Polsce zachodniej i jeziorach dystroficznych (12,95 i 16,15‰). Wykazano, że. δ34S(SO42- i δ18O(SO42-) jezior mogą być dobrym narzędziem do ilościowej charakterystyki antropopresji (kwaśne opady) oraz do monitorowania zmian trofii i procesów redoks związanych z biodegradacją związków organicznych w osadach i kolumnie wodnej. W przeciwieństwie do czystych jezior, jeziora silnie zanieczyszczone jonem siarczanowym wykazują wzrost wartościδ13C(CH4) wraz ze wzrostem głębokości kolumny wodnej. Może to być wskaźnikiem utraty przez jezioro mikrobiologicznej zdolności buforującej.

20

Zarys warunków hydrogeologicznych rejonu Falent

Fic M., Dziedziczak Robert

Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie

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2003

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T. 3, z. spec. (6)

9--17

PL

W pracy przedstawiono zarys warunków hydrogeologicznych w rejonie Falent. Głównym poziomem wodonośnym na tym terenie jest, lokalnie odkryty oraz międzyglinowy, poziom plejstoceński. Jego płytkie występowanie od 0 do 50 m p.p.t. - i zadowalające parametry wydajności uzyskiwane ze studzien sprawiają, że na omawianym terenie jest to główny poziom eksploatacyjny (GPU). Drugoplanowe znaczenie w lokalnym zaopatrzeniu w wodę ma trzeciorzędowy poziom oligoceński. Głębokość występowania najpłytszej warstwy wodonośnej oraz uwarunkowania hydrogeologiczne sprawiają, że istnieje tu ścisły kontakt hydrauliczny między wodami podziemnymi i powierzchniowymi.

EN

The purpose of this paper was to present hydrological conditions of the neighbourhood of Falenty and part of the Raszynka's river basin. The main aquifers in described region are located in partly uncovered Pleistocene sediment situated between two clay layers. This aquifer is the main quaternary water-bearing horizon because of the shallow depth of groundwater (0–50 m) and appropriate discharge parameters. Tertiary Oligocene aquifer is not as import ant for water supply as the Pleistocene one. The hydraulic connection between groundwater and surface water is secured by depth of the shallowest aquifer and many other hydrological factors.