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1
Projekt anteny planarnej pracującej w sieci 5G
Bugaj Jarosław, Majewski Bartosz
Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania
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2021
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Vol. 62, nr 3
12--15
PL
Anteny stanowią ważną część każdego systemu radiokomunikacyjnego. Odgrywają też one ważną rolę w funkcjonowaniu sieci komórkowych. W artykule zawarto opis budowy anten planarnych i różne kwestie z nimi związane. Zostały także zestawione możliwości najnowszej generacji sieci mobilnej 5G. Przedstawiono także proces projektowania anteny oraz podstawowe wzory z nim związane. Omówiono zamieszczone charakterystyki opisujące najważniejsze parametry zaprojektowanej anteny planarnej na częstotliwości rezonansowej fr ≈ 3,6 GHz. Do pracy nad projektem wykorzystano oprogramowanie CST STUDIO SUITE, które jest znakomitym pakietem narzędzi do symulacji zjawisk elektromagnetycznych.
EN
Antennas are an important part of any radio communication system. They also play an important role in the operations of mobile networks. This paper provides a description of the construction of planar antennas and various issues related to them. The capabilities of the latest generation 5G mobile network are also compiled. The antenna design process and the basic formulas associated with it are also presented. The characteristics describing the most important parameters of the designed planar antenna at the resonance frequency fr ≈ 3,6 GHz. CST STUDIO SUITE software, which is an excellent toolkit for simulation of electromagnetic phenomena was used for the design work.
2
Content available Reduced-cost design closure of antennas by means of gradient search with restricted sensitivity update
Kozieł Sławomir, Pietrenko-Dąbrowska Anna
Metrology and Measurement Systems
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2019
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Vol. 26, nr 4
595--605
EN
Design closure, i.e., adjustment of geometry parameters to boost the performance, is a challenging stage of antenna design process. Given complexity of contemporary structures, reliable parameter tuning requires numerical optimization and can be executed using local algorithms. Yet, EM-driven optimization is a computationally expensive endeavour and reducing its cost is highly desirable. In this paper, a modification of the trust-region gradient search algorithm is proposed for accelerated optimization of antenna structures. The algorithm is based on sparse updates of antenna sensitivities involving various methods that include the Broyden formula used for selected parameters, as well as dimensionality- and convergence-dependent acceptance thresholds which enable additional speedup, and make the procedure easy to tune for various numbers of antenna parameters. Comprehensive verification executed for a set of benchmark antennas delivers consistent results and considerable cost reduction of up to 60 percent with respect to the reference algorithm. Experimental validation is also provided.
3
Content available Rapid Design Optimization of Multi-Band Antennas by Means of Response Features
Kozieł S., Bekasiewicz A.
Metrology and Measurement Systems
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2017
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Vol. 24, nr 2
337-346
EN
This work examines the reduced-cost design optimization of dual- and multi-band antennas. The primary challenge is independent yet simultaneous control of the antenna responses at two or more frequency bands. In order to handle this task, a feature-based optimization approach is adopted where the design objectives are formulated on the basis of the coordinates of so-called characteristic points (or response features) of the antenna response. Due to only slightly nonlinear dependence of the feature points on antenna geometry parameters, optimization can be attained at a low computational cost. Our approach is demonstrated using two antenna structures with the optimum designs obtained in just a few dozen of EM simulations of the respective structure.
4
Content available On Rapid Re-Design of UWB Antennas with Respect to Substrate Permittivity
Koziel S., Bekasiewicz A.
Metrology and Measurement Systems
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2016
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Vol. 23, nr 4
513--520
EN
Re-design of a given antenna structure for various substrates is a practically important issue yet non trivial, particularly for wideband and ultra-wideband antennas. In this work, a technique for expedited redesign of ultra-wideband antennas for various substrates is presented. The proposed approach is based on inverse surrogate modeling with the scaling model constructed for several reference designs that are optimized for selected values of the substrate permittivity. The surrogate is set up at the level of coarse-discretization EM simulation model of the antenna and, subsequently, corrected to provide prediction at the high-fidelity EM model level. The dimensions of the antenna scaled to any substrate permittivity within the region of validity of the surrogate are obtained instantly, without any additional EM simulation necessary. The proposed approach is demonstrated using an ultra-wideband monopole with the permittivity scaling range from 2.2 to 4.5. Numerical validation is supported by physical measurements of the fabricated prototypes of the re-designed antennas.
5
Content available Prototyping of UHF antennas using simulation software
Polak F., Sikorski W., Siodła K.
Computer Applications in Electrical Engineering
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2016
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Vol. 14
168--176
EN
The method of ultra high frequency is being increasingly applied in the power transformer diagnostics. Using the probe (antenna) mounted inside the transformer tank it is possible to detect partial discharges occurring in defects of high–voltage insulation system. Such probes must be designed and optimized on several factors, such as frequency band, directivity, or the geometrical design etc. This paper presents parameters of two types of antennas (discone and microstrip patch) obtained through simulation. Calculations and simulations results will provide basis to comnstruct the prototypes of the antennas, which will eventually find application in the measurement system used for localisation of partial discharges inside power transformers.
6
Content available Recent developments in simulation-driven multi-objective design of antennas
Koziel S., Bekasiewicz A.
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
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2015
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Vol. 63, nr 3
781--789
EN
This paper addresses computationally feasible multi-objective optimization of antenna structures. We review two recent techniques that utilize the multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) working with fast antenna replacement models (surrogates) constructed as Kriging interpolation of coarse-discretization electromagnetic (EM) simulation data. The initial set of Pareto-optimal designs is subsequently refined to elevate it to the high-fidelity EM simulation accuracy. In the first method, this is realized point-by-point through appropriate response correction techniques. In the second method, sparsely sampled high-fidelity simulation data is blended into the surrogate model using Co-kriging. Both methods are illustrated using two design examples: an ultra-wideband (UWB) monocone antenna and a planar Yagi-Uda antenna. Advantages and disadvantages of the methods are also discussed.
7
Content available remote Konstrukcje i charakterystyki czteroelementowej anteny ultraszerokopasmowej UWB
Garbaruk M.
Przegląd Elektrotechniczny
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2014
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R. 90, nr 12
64--67
PL
W artykule zostały omówione konstrukcje dwóch czteroelementowych ultraszerokopasmowych układów antenowych oraz prototypowej ultraszerokopasmowej pojedynczej anteny z eliptycznym promiennikiem. Pokazane zostały obliczone charakterystyki dopasowania anten oraz charakterystyki promieniowania. Przedstawiono również wyniki pomiarów parametrów obwodowych wykonanych anten.
EN
The paper presents constructions of a ultra-wideband single elliptical antenna and two variants of 4-element ultra-wideband antenna arrays. The paper also shows calculated characteristics of impedance, VSWR as well as radiation patterns. Measured characteristics of impedance and VSWR were discussed.
8
Szyk planarny anten mikropaskowych z przeznaczeniem do radaru dopplerowskiego
Sorokosz Ł., Dutkiewicz M., Zieniutycz W.
Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania
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2013
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Vol. 54, nr 3
45-48
PL
W pracy opisano konstrukcję oraz wyniki pomiarów szyku 4 anten mikropaskowych w postaci macierzy 2x2 na częstotliwość 10 GHz z przeznaczeniem do pracy w układzie radaru dopplerowskiego. Pojedynczym promiennikiem w omawianym szyku jest antena mikropaskowa zasilana przez sprzężenie elektromagnetyczne realizowane przez szczelinę we wspólnym ekranie. Wykorzystanie szyku w układzie radaru Dopplera stwarza wymagania w stosunku do charakterystyk promieniowania: możliwie wąska wiązka główna oraz niski poziom listków bocznych. Wykonano 3 egzemplarze szyku celem weryfikacji powtarzalności procesu produkcji. W wyniku badań stwierdzono, że niewielkie odchyłki w wymiarach fizycznych badanych układów przełożyły się na widoczne różnice w ich parametrach elektrycznych. Jednak, wszystkie zrealizowane układy wykazały na częstotliwości środkowej WFS poniżej 1,5 oraz oczekiwane szerokości wiązek głównych w dwóch ortogonalnych płaszczyznach.
EN
The construction of 2x2 array of microstrip patch designed for 10 GHz doppler radar system has been presented in this paper. Patch antennas fed by rectangular slots in the common ground plane have been used as the elements of the array. Therequirements for radiation patterns were stated: as narrow main beam and as low side lobe level as possible. In order to verify the reproducibility of the fabrication process 3 copies of the designed circuit were prepared. The measurement results showed that even small variations in some physical dimensions translated into a noticeable differences in electrical parameters of the array. However all fabicated arrays indicated VSWR less than 1,5 at the center frequency and the expected main lobe beamwidths in two orthogonal planes.
9
Content available Rapid antenna design optimization using shape-preserving response prediction
Kozieł S., Ogurtsov S., Szczepański S.
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
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2012
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Vol. 60, nr 1
143-149
EN
An approach to rapid optimization of antennas using the shape-preserving response-prediction (SPRP) technique and coarsediscretization electromagnetic (EM) simulations (as a low-fidelity model) is presented. SPRP allows us to estimate the response of the high-fidelity EM antenna model, e.g., its reflection coefficient versus frequency, using the properly selected set of so-called characteristic points of the low-fidelity model response. The low-fidelity model, corrected by means of SPRP, is subsequently used to predict the optimal design. The design process is cost efficient because most operations are performed on the low-fidelity model. Performance of our technique is demonstrated using a dielectric resonator antenna and two planar wideband antenna examples. In all cases, the optimal design is obtained at a cost corresponding to a few high-fidelity simulations of the antenna under design.
10
Content available remote Antenna design via inverse beamforming
Kocifaj M., Videen G.
Przegląd Elektrotechniczny
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2009
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R. 85, nr 7
49-53
EN
The electromagnetic power generated by a linear phased-array system of radiating dipoles is analyzed theoretically. We introduce the concept of forced phase shift for any pair of dipoles, thus enabling wide-range adaptability of the antenna beam pattern. The exact solution of the electromagnetic power results in a set of formulae that can be used to solve the inverse problem of determining the optimum configuration of the phase shifts. Such a configuration guarantees that a modeled distribution of the radiating powers coincides with the predefined requirements as well as possible. Discretization of the continuous model is adopted so the optimum solution can be found for selected zones in the vicinity of the source of radiation.
PL
Moc elektromagnetyczna generowana przez liniową fazową matrycę dipolu antenowego została przeanalizowana teoretycznie. Wykorzystano ideę wymuszonego przesunięcia fazowego dla każdej pary dipolu, co umożliwiło zastosowanie anteny do pracy szerokopasmowej. Dokładna analiza mocy elektromagnetycznej pozwoliła na sformułowanie warunków umożliwiających rozwiązanie problemu odwrotnego - określenia optymalnej konfiguracji przesunięcia fazowego. Taka konfiguracja gwarantuje że rozkład promieniowanej mocy odpowiada założonym wymaganiom. Zastosowano dyskretyzację modelu ciągłego do określenia optymalnej pracy anteny w wybranych obszarach sąsiedztwa źródła promieniowania.
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