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Life Cycle of the Eisenia fetida and Dendrobaena veneta Earthworms (Oligohaeta, Lumbricidae)

Podolak Agnieszka, Kostecka Joanna, Mazur-Pączka Anna, Garczyńska Mariola, Pączka Grzegorz, Szura Renata

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 1

40--45

EN

Earthworms can be used in the vermicomposting process. The success of the process depends on many factors, including the choice of the appropriate earthworm species. Eisenia fetida and Dendrobaena veneta are treated as "compost earthworms". They are characterized by a relatively short life cycle, relatively fast growth rate, efficient reproduction and a similar amount of organic matter processed, compared to species found in the natural environment. However, while analyzing their features in more detail, it can be seen that these two species differ. The aim of this study was to compare the selected features of the Eisenia fetida (Sav.) and Dendrobaena veneta (Rosa) earthworm populations in an annual cycle. The mature specimens of E. fetida or D. veneta were put in groups into plastic boxes with soil. Populations were checked regularly by manual sorting of the medium. The earthworms and cocoons were cleaned, counted and weighed individually. Afterwards, the mature individuals were placed in appropriate containers, while the cocoons were separated from the starting populations. The earthworms were fed ad libidum on kitchen wastes every four weeks. The experiment was carried out under constant laboratory conditions for 52 weeks. The analysis of the studied populations confirmed that the tested species of earthworms differ from each other. After 52 weeks of the experiment, the sum of earthworm biomass was higher for D. veneta compared to E. fetida species (18.568 ± 1.867 g and 7.263 ± 1.786 g; p <0.01, respectively). This relationship was confirmed for the average body weight of earthworms (D. veneta: 0.912 ± 0.046 g; E. fetida 0.480 ± 0.006 g; t = 15.95, p <0.01) and cocoons (D. veneta: 0.032 ± 0.003 g, E. fetida 0.014 ± 0.001 g; t = 9.15, p <0.01).

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Spatial and temporal variability of sea surface temperature in the Baltic Sea based on 32-years (1982–2013) of satellite data

Stramska M., Białogrodzka J.

Oceanologia

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2015

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No. 57 (3)

223--235

EN

Satellite measurements provide synoptic view of sea surface temperature (SST) and can be used to trace global and regional climate trends. In this study we have examined the multiyear trends and variability of the Baltic Sea SST using 32-years (1982–2013) of satellite data. Our results indicate that there is a statistically significant trend of increasing SST in the entire Baltic Sea, with values ranging from 0.03 to 0.06°C year−1, depending on the location. SSTs averaged over the entire Baltic Sea increase at the rate of 0.05°C year−1. Higher values of SST trend are generally present in the summer months, while trend is not statistically significant in the winter months. The seasonal cycle of SST in the Baltic Sea is characterized by well-defined winter and summer seasons. The average amplitude (16–18°C) of this cycle is significantly larger than in the North Sea waters located at the same latitudes as the Baltic Sea. The analyzed data set also highlights considerable interannual SST variability, which is coherent in different regions of the Baltic Sea and significantly correlated with interannual variability of the air temperature. SST variability in the Baltic Sea in winter can be linked to the North Atlantic Oscillation index.

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Annual phytoplankton dynamics in the Gulf Saint Vincent, South Australia, in 2011

Leterme S.C., Jendyk J. G., Ellis A. V., Brown M. H., Kildea T.

Oceanologia

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2014

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No. 56 (4)

757--778

EN

Phytoplankton communities are the basis of many marine and freshwater food webs. Their composition fluctuates depending on hydrochemical conditions, such as light, temperature, salinity, pH, nutrients and turbulence. This study investigates the effect of changing environmental conditions on the coastal phytoplankton community of the Gulf St Vincent in South Australia. This is the first study simultaneously investigating the phytoplankton communities and their environment in this area and is essential to set up the baseline of future studies. In total, 179 phytoplankton species were identified and enumerated between January and December 2011. Phytoplankton communities were numerically dominated by chlorophytes during 6 months of the survey and an intense bloom (representing 62% of the overall phytoplankton community) of the diatom Cylindrotheca closterium was observed in February. Our results suggest that in the coastal waters of the Gulf St Vincent, the variability in environmental conditions is driven by temperature, wind speed/direction and the changing levels of phosphorus. However, the variability observed during autumn and winter months seems to be driven by changing levels of nitrogen and silica. In this shallow environment, the wind speed is proportional to the stress at the ocean floor and should directly influence the resuspension of sediment and associated nutrients. Nutrient ratios were observed to investigate potential phytoplankton nutrient limitation patterns. These ratios indicated that nitrogen was usually the limiting nutrient, which is typical of marine systems. Since nutrient enrichment is generally the main factor driving the succession and composition of phytoplankton communities in coastal waters, further work is now needed to identify the sources of nutrients in this region where river runoff is limited and evaporation is high relative to precipitation.

4

Ceilometer observations of the boundary layer over Warsaw, Poland

Stachlewska I., Piądłowski M., Migacz S., Szkop A., Zielińska A., Swaczyna P.

Acta Geophysica

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2012

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Vol. 60, no. 5

1386-1412

EN

Jenoptik's CHM 15k ceilometer was used to monitor the vertical structure of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) over Warsaw, from 2008 until 2011, on Mondays and Thursdays, in 24h periods. Hereby, we present an assessment of the signal-to-noise ratio along with a sensitivity study of signal smoothing methods developed in-house. With the proposed averaging, ceilometer attenuated-backscatter signals reached the high troposphere, which makes this sensor competitive to a single-wavelength elastic lidar. The smoothed signals were employed as an input for algorithms developed to automatically detect the ABL height, clouds, fog, and precipitation in the lower troposphere. The classification of weather conditions was validated by the METAR reports from the Warsaw Airport. The obtained ABL heights were compared to those assessed from radiosoundings from a nearby meteorological station WMO12374 in Legionowo. An inter-comparison of the ABL heights, derived by using the Jenoptik's automated routine against the in-house developed algorithms, is in favor of the latter. The presented four annual cycles of the ABL height, obtained with various derivative-based methods, are the first such longterm results reported using the CHM 15k sensor in Eastern Europe.

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Quantitative changes of Planktolyngbya brevicellularis, Limnothrix redekei and Aphanizomenon gracile in the annual cycle vs. physicochemical water parameters in the urban Lake Jeziorak Mały

Zębek E.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2006

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Vol. 35, No.1

69-84

EN

The study was conducted on net phytoplankton in the urban Lake Jeziorak Mały (Mazurian Lakeland) in the littoral zone in the years 1998 – 2003. The blue-green algae community was dominated by three species: Planktolyngbya brevicellularis (Cronberg &Komarek), Limnothrix redekei (Van Goor) Meffert and Aphanizomenon gracile Lemm. Changes in the numbers of blue-green algae were analyzed in the annual cycle, with respect to water temperature and orthophosphate concentration. One abundance peak of Planktolyngbya brevicellularis was recorded in July, of Limnothrix redekei in May, and for Aphanizomenon gracile there were two peaks in numbers in May and in August. The relationship between water temperature and the occurrence of blue-greens was statistically significant, whereas in the case of orthophosphate concentration, the coefficient of correlation was statistically significant only for Planktolyngbya brevicellularis. On the basis of equations of multiple regression the proportion of orthophosphate concentration was affirmed to be higher than water temperature. This may suggest that the blue-green species contributed to reducing the phosphorus content of the water, and the largest part in this phenomenon could be played by Planktolyngbya brevicellularis, which developed in the widest temperature range and in this way was a competitor species for remaining species.

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Annual succession patterns of blue-green algae as related to physicochemical water parameters in the urban Lake Jeziorak Mały in the 1998 - 2003 period

Zębek E.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2005

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Vol. 34, No.4

33--46

EN

Studies on net phytoplankton were conducted in the urban Lake Jeziorak Mały (Mazurian Lakeland) in the 1998-2003 period. Changes in the numbers of blue-green algae were analyzed in the annual cycle with respect to water temperature and orthophosphate concentration. An increase in water temperature above 13oC was followed by an increase in the population density of bluegreens. Two abundance peaks of blue-green algae were recorded in the summers of 1998, 1999, and 2002 and one in the summers of 2000, 2001, and 2003. The coefficient of correlation between water temperature and the occurrence of blue-greens was statistically significant, but no statistically significant correlation was found between orthophosphate concentration and the abundance of blue-green algae. From May to August, under conditions of the domination of bluegreen algae (over 50% of the total phytoplankton biomass) and water temperature exceeding 19oC, this correlation was negative and statistically significant. This suggests that over this period the blue-greens could contribute to reducing the concentration of orthophosphates in the water.

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Roczny cykl opadów atmosferycznych w Szczecinie oraz jego związki z typami cyrkulacji atmosferycznej i temperaturą powietrza

Świątek M.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Marine Sciences / Uniwersytet Szczeciński

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2000

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Nr 6

65-86

EN

Frequency of occurrence of a cyclone or anticyclone circulation types influences first of all the frequency of precipitation, and exactly the number of rainy days. The cyclone circulation increases the rainfall frequency and the anticyclone circulation decreases this frequency. This produces an effect observable during the whole year. However, the influence of occurrence of the particular circulation type has little effect on precipitation totals in fact. It is only observable in cold half-year when the increased frequency of days with cyclone circulation in winter and in November brings about relatively abundant rainfalls in this period of time. While the air temperature value increases, diurnal precipitation totals increases, but the number of rainy days drops own. It is due to the fact that in the warm period the rainfalls are abundant, and in the cold one less abundant but more frequent. It is also to be underlined that the very strong annual maximum of the precipitation totals in summer is undoubtedly connected with high temperatures in this period. Increased values of the rainfall sums in November and December as well as their increased frequency in this period and January and February are largely conditioned by the considerable frequency of the cyclone circulation in that time. The carried out analysis may prove the dissimilarity of the factors which generate precipitation in the particular half - year times. In November-April period these factors are formed within depressions and in May-October period the decisive role is taken over by the convection caused by heated subsoil.

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Tendencje zmian stężeń SO(2) w powietrzu w Górach Izerskich

Zwoździak A., Gzella A., Zwoździak A.

Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska

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2000

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Vol. 26, no. 4

7-19

PL

Analiza serii czasowych średnich dobowych i średnich miesięcznych stężeń dwutlenku siarki w powietrzu posłużyła do wyodrębnienia trendu i cyklu zmian długookresowych stężeń będących odzwierciedleniem zastosowanych strategii ograniczenia emisji w Regionie Czarnego Trójkąta. Wykorzystując model serii czasowej oceniono różne składniki szeregu. Na podstawie danych stężeń SO(2) ze stacji monitoringu atmosfery w Czerniawie w Górach Izerskich z lat 1993-1998 wykazano istnienie tendencji spadkowej stężeń. Średnia roczna zmiana stężeń wynosiła 14,1% w okresie tych sześciu lat. Z kolei zastosowany model wyrównywania wykładniczego uwzględniający składnik sezonowy i trend dostarczył trafnych prognoz stężeń średnich miesięcznych SO(2) w powietrzu.

EN

Time series analysis of monthly and daily SO(2) data were considered for the detection of trends in SO(2) due to possible effect of the emission abatement strategy in the Black Triangle region. Using a time series model, the main components were extracted from the original SO(2) time series. Based on SO(2) monitoring data from Czerniawa in Izery Mountains in Poland over the period 1993-1998, our findings showed evidence of declining trends in SO(2). A mean annual change of 14% was re-corded in a 6-year record. It has also appeared that the exponential smoothing which considers a seasonal component and trends provided a reasonable fit to monthly mean SO(2) values.