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Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Materials for 3D Printing of Ankle Foot Orthoses

Rybarczyk Justyna, Górski Filip, Kuczko Wiesław, Wichniarek Radosław, Siwiec Sabina, Vitkovic Nikola, Păcurar Răzvan

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

2024

Vol. 18, no 4

191--21

The article presents analysis of mechanical properties of specimens fabricated by fused deposition modeling (FDM). The four of considered materials are the well-known 3D printing filaments i.e., polylactide (PLA), Nylon 12 (PA12), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PET-G). The other four of the considered materials are composites with carbon i.e. polylactide with carbon fiber (PLA-CF), Nylon 12 with carbon fiber (PA12-CF), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene with carbon fiber (ABS-CF), polyethylene terephthalate glycol with carbon fiber (PETG-CF). The paper describes how the specimens were designed, printed, subjected to tensile testing, and examined using microscopy. The obtained data will be used to select the optimum material for the rapid manufacture of lower limb orthoses. Carbon composites were found to have better mechanical properties of their base material, but the fabrication of composite samples is much more time consuming, for the reason that the manufacturing process is not stable.

Quantification of gait asymmetry in patients with ankle foot orthoses based on hip–hip cyclograms

Kutilek P., Socha V., Viteckova S., Svoboda Z.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

2014

Vol. 34, no. 1

46--52

Our work focuses on a new approach of studying asymmetry in walking based on the orientation of the synchronized bilateral hip–hip cyclograms. Patients with foot drop were included in the study and were asked to walk without an orthosis, and with foot-up splint, calf mounted support strap and ankle wrap. The hip–hip cyclograms were created to quantify gait asymmetry before and immediately after the application of ankle foot orthoses. This approach has never been applied before to study the gait asymmetry in patients with ankle foot orthoses. In order to quantify the gait asymmetry, we have tested the application of the approach based on the inclination angle of the synchronized hip–hip cyclograms. The symmetry index was used as a comparative method to evaluate the symmetry of bipedal walking. The results indicate the correlation between the symmetry index and inclination angle of the synchronized hip–hip cyclograms. The methods based on the inclination angle and symmetry index show slightly different results because the symmetry index depends on discrete variables and is unable to reflect the asymmetry as it evolves over a complete gait cycle. The inclination angle of the hip–hip cyclogram depends on the complete gait cycle. Except for the inclination angles of patients with the support strap, the results show that the new approach did not identify significant improvement in the gait symmetry after the application of the orthoses. The approach based on the orientation of the hip–hip cyclograms can be used as an additional approach for determining the gait asymmetry.