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Anatomy-based 3D facial modeling for expression animation

Zhang Y., Prakash E. C., Sung E.

Machine Graphics and Vision

2002

Vol. 11, No. 1

53-76

In this paper we propose a new hierarchical 3D facia model that conforms to the human facial anatomy for realistic facial expression animation. The facial model has a hierarchical biomechanical structure, incorporationg a physically-based approximation to facial skin tissue, a set of anatomicallymotivated facial muscle actuators and underlying skull structure. The deformable skin model has multilayer structure to approximate different types of soft tissue. It takes into account the nonlinear stress-strain relationship of the skin and the fact that soft tissue is almost incompressible. Different kinds of muscle models have been developed to simulate the distribution of the muscle force on the skin due to muscle contraction. By the presence of the skull model, our facial model takes advantage of both more accurate facial deformation and the consideration of facial anatomy during the interactive definition of facial muscles. Under the muscular force, the deformation of the facial skin is evaluated by solving the governing dynamic equation numerically. To improve computational efficiency, we use a localized, semi-implicit integration method which allows a larger time step to be taken in the simulation while retaining stability. The dynamic facial animation algorithm runs at an interactive rate with flexible and realistic facial expressions to be generated.