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Ważne i użyteczne fakty dotyczące inkluzji fluidalnych w minerałach w kontekście rozpoznawania systemów naftowych

Jarmołowicz-Szulc Katarzyna

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 4

184--187

EN

Samples of minerals, solid bitumen and rocks from different localities and different basins have been an object of mineralogical, petrographic and geochemical analyses. Their microfissures (microfractures) are often filled with fluids forming “fluid inclusions” (FI). Such inclusions are small portions of palaeofluids that existed in the basin during the mineral formation, which may be a significant record from the geological past. Analytical procedures comprised several stages: preparation of thin and thick sections, microscopic evaluation of the material (organic matter, minerals, inclusions), FI microthermometric determinations, geochemical analyses, and auxiliary studies. General microscopic observations were conducted using a polarization microscope, cold cathode, and the special heating-freezing stage. Fluid inclusions in minerals were studied aiming at the characterization of fluids that fill these micro-volumes in crystals. The undertaken analytical steps have led to determination of the fluids trapped in inclusions as brine and/or hydrocarbons (based on fluorescence abilities). Furthermore, they have resulted in the measurement of the homogenization temperatures of inclusions (values positive for, e.g., oil, negative for methane, pure or with admixtures), and determinations of the eutectic and ice-melting temperatures of the aqueous inclusions. Thermometric studies in the heating mode generally lead to determination of temperatures of mineral crystallization since it has been assumed that the homogenization temperature of the primary aqueous inclusions represents a minimum temperature of fluid trapping during mineral precipitation. Complementary analyses, as the Raman spectrum analysis and studies on the organic matter, lead to the interpretation of the results richer, clearer and meaningful for the hydrocarbon systems context, what has been proved on some examples.

2

Analytical and numerical studies of an unsymmetrical sandwich beam – bending, buckling and free vibration

Magnucki Krzysztof, Magnucka-Blandzi Ewa, Lewiński Jerzy, Milecki Szymon

Engineering Transactions

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2019

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Vol. 67, iss. 4

491--512

EN

The subject of the paper is an unsymmetrical sandwich beam. The thicknesses and mechanical properties of the beam faces are different. Mathematical model of the beam is formulated based on the classical broken-line hypothesis. The equations of motions of the beam is derived on the ground of the Hamilton’s principle. Bending, buckling and free-vibration are studied in detail for exemplary unsymmetrical structure of the beam. The values of deflection, critical force and natural frequency are determined for the selected beam cases. Moreover, the same examples are computed with the use of two FEM systems, i.e. SolidWorks and ABAQUS, in order to compare the analytical and numerical calculation. The results are presented in tables and figures.

3

Analytical studies, numerical MES and bench tests of the strength of a rail vehicle axles

Kronkowska P.

Pojazdy Szynowe

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2018

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Nr 2

52--57

EN

The article presents a strength analysis of a rail vehicle axle based on bench, analytical and numerical tests. A numerical model was developed with the Finite Element Method. The effect of the finite element type used for calculation purposes on the result of numerical examination was checked. The obtained results were listed and compared.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono analizę wytrzymałościową osi pojazdu szynowego na podstawie wyników badań stanowiskowych, analitycznych oraz numerycznych. Opracowano model numeryczny Metody Elementów Skończonych. Sprawdzono wpływ zastosowanego rodzaju elementu skończonego na wynik badania numerycznego. Porównano oraz zestawiono otrzymane wyniki.