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Analitical applications in logistics

Vasilev J.

Zeszyty Naukowe Dolnośląskiej Wyższej Szkoły Przedsiębiorczości i Techniki. Studia z Nauk Technicznych

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2014

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Nr 3

17--24

PL

Celem artykułu jest analiza teoretycznych koncepcji w dziedzinie aplikacji analitycznych. Po analizie pojęć są omawiane poszczególne kwestie programowe. Aplikacje analityczne są stosowane w logistyce, aby pomóc menedżerom w podejmowaniu właściwych decyzji. W pracy przedstawiono kilka przykładów zastosowania niestandardowych raportów w studium przypadku logistyki. Te przykładowe raporty mogą być generowane w ramach każdego systemu ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) oraz mogą być stosowane do monitorowania kluczowych wskaźników wydajności (KPI). Proponują nowe odkrycia w zakresie zarządzania logistycznego. Chodzi o monitoring sprzedaży 1–2 przedmiotów. Na podstawie uzyskanych informacji przewidywana jest sprzedaż innych produktów. Omawiane są również zagadnienia dotyczące inwestycji w aplikacjach analitycznych.

EN

The purpose of this article is to analyze the theoretical concepts in the field of analytical applications. After analyzing the concepts some software issues are discussed. Analytical applications are used in logistics to help managers to take correct decisions. The paper gives several examples of using custom reports in logistics case studies. These sample reports may be generated within any ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system and may be used for monitoring key performance indicators (KPIs). A new finding in the logistics management is proposed. The idea is to monitor the sales of 1-2 items. By using the gained information the sales of other products are predicted. Issues concerning investments in analytical applications are discussed.

2

Analityczne zastosowanie zjawiska chemiluminescencji. Jony lantanowców(III) i ich kompleksy jako fluorofory w mieszaninach reakcyjnych

Kaczmarek M., Lis S.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2009

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[Z] 63, 11-12

985-1001

EN

The aim of this review is to evaluate the use of chemiluminescence (CL) as the method for determination of a wide group of organic and inorganic compounds. Chemiluminescence can be defined as the light emission resulting from the transition of an electronically excited state produced in a reaction [1, 2]. CL, in spite of complicated processes occurring in reaction systems, has been used since many years in chemical analysis [13, 22, 30]. Although many chemiluminescence reagents investigated, only a limited number, such as luminol, tris(2,2-bipyridyl)ruthenium(III), potassium permanganate and the Fenton reaction, generating chemical sources of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, were successfully used for analytical applications. The Fenton system Fe(II)/(III).H2O2 is the source reactive oxygen species and hydrogen radicals [52, 53]. Analytical techniques based on CL have been used in, e.g.: pharmacological studies, clinical and environmental diagnostics [14.17, 22.30, 39.47, 62.65]. Ultra-weak intensity of generated emission (1.104 hn ź s.1 ź cm.2) requires very sensitive detectors and special apparatus, as our detection system for CL measurements based on single photon counting [11]. Studies of CL systems characterised by low intensity of the CL emission require the use of sensitizers. Due to their specific luminescence properties, thelanthanide ions, mainly europium(III) and terbium(III) and their complexes, can be successfully used as chemiluminescence fluorophores [11, 57, 71, 75, 76]. Examples of chemiluminescent methods used for determination of organic molecules (aminoacids, antibiotics, chemotherapeutics), based on the lanthanide(III) ions emission, as a result of the energy transfer process from the excited products of the organic molecule oxidation to the Ln(III), are presented [77, 78].

3

Spektrometria mas z indukcyjnie sprzężoną plazmą i analizatorem czasu przelotu jonów (ICP-TOFMS)

Skrzydlewska E., Balcerzak M.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2003

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[Z] 57, 9-10

907--933

EN

This paper presents a powerful analytical technique which uses an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) ionization source and mass spectrometric (MS) detector with a time of flight (TOF) analyzer. The technique has been introduced in 1993 and has attracted rapidly the attention of researchers in the field of atomic spectroscopy as a method that offers substantial improvement of figures of merit of widely used ICP-MS technique with quadrupole filters. A mass spectrum in ICP-TOFMS technique is generated for a packet of ions simultaneously extracted from a continuous ion beam generated in plasma and accelerated to the same kinetic energy (Ek = 0.5 mv2). Setting the ions to the same kinetic energy results in different velocities acquired by the ions of different masses. The separation of the ions of different m/z is accomplished due to different times of their passing a fixed path (field-free region) in the instrument. Extremely low time difference (nanosecond regime) between adjacent masses reflects in quasi-simultaneous detection of all isotopes reaching the detector. The technique offers extremely high speed: spectral frequency 20-30 kHz (i.e. 20000-30000 mass spectra can be accumulated per second), an ability to obtain full elemental analysis for a packet of ions extracted from a continuous ion beam and a significantly better, as compared with quadrupole ICP-MS, precision of the measurements. Analytical performance and applicability of the technique in multi-clemental analysis of various materials have been extensively examined since 1998 when the ICP-TOFMS spectrometers have been commercially available (from LECO, USA („LECO Renaissance") and GBC, Australia („Optimass 8000")). The technique has turned to be particularly suited for detection of fast transient signals generated, e.g. by laser ablation, chromatographic systems, capillary clectrophoresis and FIA. The basic principles, analytical capabilities of the ICP-TOFMS technique and characteristics of the instruments used are discussed in this paper. Analytical applications of the technique are presented.

4

Progress in the liquid chromatography of synthetic non-charged lipophilic macromolecules

Berek D.

Polimery

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2001

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T. 46, nr 11-12

777-784

EN

A review with 30 refs. covering high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a tool to determine molecular properties (mainly M and MWD) of synthetic polymers, with particular reference to retention mechanisms (entropy-based size exclusion, and enthalpy-based adsorption, partition and phase separation). Further size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) for lipophiles (gel permeation chromatography) and biopolymers (gel filtration chromatography), coupled LC procedures (e.g., isocratic compensation approach), HPLC under "critical" (weak enthalpic interactions) conditions (LCCC), (continuous) eluent gradient polymer LC (EGPLC), LC-like approaches including the full adsorption-desorption technique, and multidimensional HPLC of complex polymers are discussed. Instrumentation (e.g., detectors), pumps, materials, and applications of analytical HPLC for polymers (evaluation of long chain branching, radius of gyration, limiting viscosity number, etc.) are also briefly reviewed.

PL

Dokonano przeglądu podstaw i rozwoju wysoce sprawnej chromatografii cieczowej (HPLC). Omówiono w związku z tym mechanizmy retencji zdominowane przez oddziaływania entropowe oraz entalpowe (i związane z tym typy HPLC), chromatografię rozdziału na podstawie wymiarów cząsteczek (SEC) w odniesieniu do polimerów lrpolilowyćh i MOpOlilflG1-rów, techniki sprzężone (np. z zastosowaniem kompensacji izokratycznej), HPLC w warunkach słabych oddziaływań entalpowych ("krytycznych") i ciągłego gradientu eluenta, wielowymiarową HPLC w zastosowaniu do polimerów kompleksowych i inn. Naszkicowano zagadnienia dotyczące oprzyrządowania (pompy, detektory, materiały) oraz wymieniono właściwości, które określa się metodą chromatografii cieczowej, np. ciężar cząsteczkowy i jego rozkład, rozgałęzienia długołańcuchowe, promień bezwładności (radius of gyra-tion) lub graniczna liczba lepkościowa.