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Atlas Świata Służby Topograficznej Wojska Polskiego (w czterdziestolecie wydania)

Florjańska E., Horodyski B.

Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny

2008

T. 40, nr 4

362-385

W tym roku mija czterdzieści lat od ukazania się Atlasu Świata Służby Topograficznej Wojska Polskiego. Atlas, będący jednym z największych osiągnięć polskiej kartografii geograficznej, z przyczyn politycznych nie znalazł w kraju pełnej oceny i należnego mu uznania. Jego wersja angielskojęzyczna Pergamon World Atlas z powodzeniem propagowała polską kartografię w krajach zachodnich, stawiając go w rzędzie największych i najlepszych atlasów świata. Nigdy nie ukazało się kolejne wydanie Atlasu, nigdy też nie wyrażono Autorom należnego uznania i nie dano im stosownej satysfakcji. Dlatego przypominamy środowisku kartograficznemu szczególne okoliczności wiążące się z jego wydaniem i miejsce, jakie wyznaczał polskiej kartografii na arenie międzynarodowej.

At the turn of the 1960s the Polish Army Topographical Service initiated the edition of a great atlas of the world. It was to meet the demand for a publication unavailable since the 1904 the Great Atlas of the World by A. Nałkowski and A. Świętochowski. The publication lost its originally military character and became available to the general public. Atlas Świata (World Atlas) of the Polish Army Topographical Service was published in 1960-1968 in installments, in 242,000 copies, 205,000 of which were in Polish and 37,000 in English, ordered by the English Pergamon Press publishing house. The atlas was printed in 40x32 format; on 524 pages, including 382 map pages with an index, a pronunciation guide and a glossary of geographical names and terms. At that time nobody expected the fate awaiting the publication, which was one of the most significant in the history of Polish cartography. We recall this work to preserve the memory of the unprecedented effort of Polish military cartographers, successors of the Polish pre-war school of cartography. The first issues ofthe atlas were received with great interest and positive reviews. Later it became a victim of political unrest. After the Israeli-Arab war of 1967 Poland broke diplomatic relations with Israel, while the events of March 1968 in Poland demonstrated anti-Semitic sentiments of the Polish ruling elite. In spring '68 the editing team was accused of falsely showing Jerusalem as lsrael's capital, which disqualified the Atlas as a serious, credible scientific publication and a reliable source of information. Despite the witch-hunt the Atlas was completed, with an additional map of Cyprus, Lebanon and Israel (attached to the last issue) showing Tel Aviv as the capital of Israel. However the following autumn the publishing team was disbanded and its members scattered. The publication itself became a 'rotten apple' of Polish cartography; usually ignored for fear of political repressions. The Atlas got only two foreign reviews of its English Pergamon Press Atlas version: by G.R.Crome in "Geographical Magazine" (1968), and R.E Dahlberg in "The Canadian Cartographer" (1969). Significantly, it was regarded as one of the leading atlases of the time, along with The Times Atlas, Atlas Mira and Atlantę Internazionale. The Polish atlas is actually superior due to its rich thematic contents. The ostracism surrounding the Atlas lasted until early 1980s, when it had already been too late for the second edition. The materials became outdated, dispersed or lost, the publishing team broke up. Thus the World Atlas became an example of 'the most spectacular example of material and intellectual waste in the history of world cartography' (W. Grygorenko 1981). In 2003 an MA. thesis on the history and value of the Atlas was prepared at Warsaw University Department of Geography and Regional Studies to honor the memory of this effort of Polish military cartography (E. Florjańska 2003). The Atlas had to find its place without the help of 'experts'. Daily use verified its value. It became one of the most popular sources of geographic information. 40 years after its publication reviewing it seems pointless. However the analysis of its structure in comparison to other leading atlases shows the state of Polish cartography in the World in 1960s.