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1

Construction monitoring and analysis of low mountain ridge tunnel

Ouyang Jian, Wang Haijun, Wu Luxiang, Zhang Kexin, Xue Xingwei

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 70, nr 1

573--587

EN

In order to obtain the change rule of surrounding rock structure displacement and supporting structure internal force with time during the construction of the low mountain ridge tunnel, this paper relies on the Xishan Tunnel Project as the background. During tunneling, the displacement around the tunnel, the subsidence of the surface, the internal force of the steel arch and the pressure between the two layers of support are monitored dynamically. According to the above monitoring and measurement data, and the monitoring data analysis and nonlinear regression fitting, the predicted trend curve is obtained, the displacement change rules and characteristics of various surrounding rocks of the tunnel are obtained, to ensure the construction safety and stability requirements of supporting structure, and to provide a reasonable opportunity for the construction of secondary lining.

2

Application of regression models on the prediction of corrosion degradation of a crude oil distillation unit

Varbai Balázs, Wéber Richárd, Farkas Balázs, Danyi Péter, Krójer Antal, Locskai Roland, Bohács György, Hős Csaba

Advances in Materials Science

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2024

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Vol. 24, nr 1(79)

72--85

EN

The crude distillation unit is the most critical elements in the refining process. Moreover, most of the equipment in the distillation unit are made of general carbon steels. Data analysis models, machine learning techniques can predict corrosion degradation rates. We used Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression, to predict the impact of process parameters. Altogether, we have analysed 84 channels of technological parameters, and 22 different types of crude oils. Among the corrosion agents, the chloride content strongly affected the weight loss of coupons, where the highest coefficient was 0.68. The most influential parameter is found to be the pH value. Thus, an estimation method of the pH value is set up to predict the corrosion degradation rate. The regression correlation for estimating the pH value is 0.53 if the corrosion agents are not used, which can be improved to 0.76 if the corrosion agents are also used in the regression analysis.

3

Impact of EU allowances cost on the financial results of polish power companies

Jerzemowska Magdalena, Krzywdziński Krzysztof

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 170

179--202

EN

Purpose: The aim of the article is to estimate the impact of the EU Allowances price increase on the financial results and return on investment in the portfolio of shares of four listed power companies, i.e., Enea S.A., Energa S.A., PGE Polska Grupa Energetyczna S.A., and TAURON Polska Energia S.A. Design/methodology/approach: Financial analysis of energy groups. Statistical analysis, a linear regression model with 6 independent variables and the dependent variable, i.e., the return on investment in the portfolio of shares of the analyzed companies. The studies cover the years 2016-2021. Findings: The results of the financial analysis show that the analyzed energy groups did not always could include increased operating costs in the price of energy sold in 2016-2021? The linear regression analysis did not indicate that the decrease in the profitability of investments in the shares of the surveyed companies can be explained by the increase in the prices of EU Allowances. Research limitation/implications: The inability to determine the unequivocal impact of the EU Allowances price increase on the financial results and share prices of the considered companies can be explained by the number of operating segments in the energy groups, the outbreak of the COVID pandemic and negative GDP in 2020, and the "upward rebound" of the economy after the pandemic and high GDP in 2021. Practical implications: The analysis is useful for shareholders of electricity companies and politicians who create regulations concerning the Polish energy policy. The results of the study are useful to all stakeholders of electricity companies. Social influence: The high costs of EU Allowances affect electricity prices for the Polish society and prove very high CO2 emissions when producing electricity in Poland. Originality/value: The conducted financial analysis and regression analysis are one of the first attempts to indicate the impact of the increase in the cost of CO2 emission allowances on the financial results and share prices of Polish energy companies. The article contributes to reducing the research gap existing in Polish literature in this area.

4

Analysis of pedestrian characteristics crossing along roads

Asmael Noor M., Waheed Mohanned Q.

Transport Problems

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2023

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T. 18, z. 4

189--200

EN

Pedestrian crossing represents a substantial problem. In Iraq, there are no spaces marked specifically for pedestrians, which causes many conflicts between vehicles and pedestrians that lead to many accidents. The pedestrian death rate has increased recently due to the deficiency in adequate pedestrian infrastructure. However, to date, limited research has measured pedestrian behavior at crossing intersections in Iraq. There is a need to carry out in-depth studies to analyze crossing behavior to increase traffic efficiency and pedestrian crossing safety. Pedestrian crossing behavior is a serious issue to be addressed to provide adequate pedestrian facilities to enhance the pedestrian traffic environment. Road safety can be improved by locating crossing locations at the right locations and enforcing laws for pedestrian crossing. This study analyzes pedestrian crossing behavior in Baghdad City, Iraq, for four intersections at an unmarked crossing in the Central Business District (CBD) area. All required data were collected by video recording and a field questionnaire. Then, the data were extracted from video recordings and classified according to the selected variables. The period for observing the behavior was during the morning peak hours (November; time: 8:00 to 9:00 a.m.) for three days per week during normal conditions. This study examines pedestrian characteristics, vehicle/pedestrian flow characteristics, and traffic environment. Crossing patterns were followed for different gender and age groups. The finding reveals that the mean pedestrian speed is 1.33 m/sec. Also, males have a higher speed than females. The influences of age, gender, group size, and road width significantly affected pedestrian speed. The pedestrian speed decreased as pedestrian age increased. Gender and group size had significant effects on distinct crossing speeds. In addition, there is a weak significant correlation between pedestrian speed and selected variables. The study recommended specific marked places where a pedestrian must be located, and according to the pedestrian speed estimated in this study, a signal control for a pedestrian is recommended to be set up beside the street to organize the crossing with appropriate time for crossing safely.

5

Managerial perspective on ESG and financial performance of car manufacturers

Tancke Leon Martin, Užík Martin, Block Sebastian, Glova Jozef, Boha Hithim

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2023

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Vol. 28. No. 1

330--343

EN

This study aims to analyse the relationship between world-largest car manufacturers' environmental, social and governance (ESG) disclosures and their financial and market-based performance. For this purpose, the models of choice were panel data considering ten years. A set of independent control variables and ESG score or subsets of the ESG score were investigated against the dependent measures of a firm’s financial (ROA) and market-based (Tobin’s Q) performance. The paper's novelty is the industry-specific perspective and results that are scarce and indicate a mixed influence of the ESG subsets. The results obtained by regression analysis underline a non-significant positive relationship between ESG and ROA, meaning ESG activities are valued less than expected. Interestingly, the market's valuation, which Tobin's Q should capture, has presented some significant influence. That implies that investors value ESG performance in the long term, which is particularly relevant information for decision-makers in the automotive industry.

PL

Niniejsze badanie ma na celu analizę związku między ujawnianymi przez największych światowych producentów samochodów informacjami dotyczącymi środowiska, społeczeństwa i ładu korporacyjnego (ESG) a ich wynikami finansowymi i rynkowymi. W tym celu wybrano modele danych panelowych obejmujące dziesięć lat. Zestaw zmiennych kontrolnych niezależnych i wynik ESG lub podzbiory wyniku ESG zostały zbadane pod kątem zależnych miar wyników finansowych (ROA) i rynkowych (Q Tobina) firmy. Nowością w artykule jest perspektywa branżowa i wyniki, które są rzadkie i wskazują na mieszany wpływ podzbiorów ESG. Wyniki uzyskane za pomocą analizy regresji podkreślają nieistotny dodatni związek między ESG a ROA, co oznacza, że działania ESG są wyceniane niżej niż oczekiwano. Co ciekawe, wycena rynkowa, którą powinno odzwierciedlać Q Tobina, wykazała pewien znaczący wpływ. Oznacza to, że inwestorzy cenią wyniki ESG w perspektywie długoterminowej, co jest szczególnie istotną informacją dla decydentów w branży motoryzacyjnej.

6

Monitoring of engine oil degradation and possiblities of life predictions in combustion engine

Lukášik Pavol

Diagnostyka

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2023

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Vol. 24, No. 3

art. no. 2023306

EN

The article entitled Monitoring of engine oil degradation and possibilities of life prediction in combustion engine deals with chronological monitoring of engine oil on the monitored object - a passenger car with a petrol engine. The research concerns the basic physico-chemical parameters of motor oil, where it discusses the operational factors that contribute to its degradation. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the analysis of the current state of the problem in the chemical composition of engine oils, analysis of the current state of contact indicators of oil quality in lubrication systems of internal combustion engines and analysis of contactless systems "live" evaluating engine oil quality during vehicle operation. The research part of the work includes the collection of operational data, laboratory analysis of oil samples and statistical processing of the results of tribodiagnostic monitoring. This article discusses the 1st phase of extensive long-term research in the field of tribology and operation of the Mitsubishi Lancer 1.5 Inform motor vehicle.

7

Koszty naprawy awarii przewodów wodociągowych

Studziński Andrzej

Materiały Budowlane

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2022

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nr 11

162--164

PL

W artykule przedstawiono analizę kosztów naprawy przewodów wodociągowych, której podstawą są dane eksploatacyjne. W analizie uwzględniono koszty bezpośrednie, na które składają się koszty materiałów, sprzętu oraz robocizny. Wykorzystano wieloetapową analizę regresji, rozpatrywano zależność kosztów usuwania awarii od średnicy przewodu, jego rodzaju, materiału oraz czasu trwania naprawy. Badania nie wykazały zależności kosztów od materiału przewodu i jego rodzaju na przyjętym poziomie istotności 0,05.

EN

The paper presents an analysis of the costs of repairing water pipes, which is based on operational data. The analysis took into account direct costs, which include the cost of materials, equipment and labor. A multi-stage regression analysis was used, the dependence of failure removal costs on: the diameter of the pipeline, its type, material and the duration of the repair was considered. The research did not show any dependence of costs on the pipe material and its type at the statistical significance 0.05.

8

Porównanie klas stanu technicznego dwu różnych zbiorów kamionkowych przewodów kanalizacyjnych

Kuliczkowska Emilia, Wijas Katarzyna

Instal

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2022

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nr 10

42--46

PL

W artykule przedstawiono rezultaty analizy wyników badań CCTV dwóch zbiorów długo eksploatowanych kamionkowych przewodów kanalizacji sanitarnej w różnych miastach w Polsce. Celem przeprowadzonej analizy było sprawdzenie, czy występowały różnice w rozkładzie przyporządkowania klas stanu technicznego przewodom kanalizacyjnym w analizowanych zbiorach. Sformułowano wnioski wskazujące, czy zbiory różniły się pod względem planowanych terminów odnowy w zakresie kryterium hydrauliczno-eksploatacyjnego, zagrożeń środowiska i bezpieczeństwa konstrukcji.

EN

The paper presents the results of the analysis of CCTV studies of two collections of long-operated vitrified clay sanitary sewer pipes in various cities in Poland. The aim of the analysis was to check whether there were differences in the distribution of the assignment of technical condition classes to sewer pipes in the analyzed sets. Conclusions were formulated whether the collections differed in terms of the planned renewal dates in terms of the hydraulic and operational criterion, environmental hazards and construction safety.

9

Mathematical model for friction stir lap welded AA5052 and SS304 joints and process parameters optimization for high joint strength

Chitturi Veerendra, Pedapati Srinivasa Rao, Awang Mokhtar

Advances in Materials Science

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2022

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Vol. 22, nr 1(71)

5--22

EN

Due to the numerous challenges faced during the dissimilar welding, choosing the right process parameters and their optimization yields better results. In this context, the current investigation is focused on the optimization of process parameters. Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array was selected to carry out the experimental investigations. The welded samples were tested for shear strength, and the results were analysed using Taguchi's S/N ratio analysis with "larger the better" criteria. Log-linear regression analysis was applied to formulate an empirical correlation between the process parameters and shear strength. According to S/N ratio analysis, the tool rotational speed of 800 rpm, welding speed of 20 mm/min and a penetration depth of 4.1 mm are the optimized parameters that achieve high joint strength. The achieved joint strength was 3.46 kN that is 70% of the base aluminium metal. It was noticed from the Analysis of variance of the regression model that penetration depth and tool rotational speed are the significant contributors with p-values less than 0.5. Confirmation tests show that the error between the predicted and calculated shear strength is 2.06% which is considered acceptable. R2 and adjusted R2 values of the model with a standard error of 0.076 show that the developed model is statistically significant.

10

Influence of technical condition of control and measurement equipment on calibration results

Kawalec Małgorzata, Czerwińska Karolina, Pacana Andrzej

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

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2021

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Vol. 3, nr 1

79--88

EN

In the paper there are analyzed the procedures used in the process of calibrating concerning control and measurement equipment. There was assumed the mathematical model of the measuring instrument which was then analyzed. The factors that result from the imperfect technical condition of the control and measurement equipment and may have an impact on the measurement results were also analyzed. Models of errors' models were assumed that may affect the calibration results. The static calibration of control and measurement equipment was analyzed. The results of numerical simulations concerning the static calibration of control and measurement equipment were presented, taking into account the linear and non-linear processing functions of the measurement equipment. The results of computations obtained for various models of processing functions were compared with each other and conclusions were drawn regarding the accuracy of the mapping of the measured quantity.

11

Factors of Quality of Life in a Group of Selected European Union and OECD Countries

Drastichová Magdaléna, Filzmoser Peter

Problemy Ekorozwoju

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2021

|

Vol. 16, nr 2

75--93

EN

This work focuses on the evaluation of the factors of quality of life in a sample of 26 countries. Quality of life is a complex, multidimensional concept, which includes various social, cultural, economic, political, demographic and environmental aspects. Regarding this, principal component analysis and regression analysis were chosen as relevant methods to analyse relationships among twenty-five variables related to quality of life, and their rela-tionships with three composite indices reflecting crucial aspects of quality of life, wellbeing and sustainability. These indices, applied as the response variables in the regression analysis, include the inequality-adjusted alter-native of the Human Development Index (IHDI), the Happy Planet Index (HPI), and Healthy Life Years (HLY). The IHDI represents an objective indicator of human development and wellbeing. HLY reflects quality of life in terms of health. The HPI combines the ecological efficiency with which human wellbeing is delivered, while it also includes a subjective measure of wellbeing. Since each of these indices represent different aspects of quality of life to a certain extent, some of the factors (represented by selected indicators) affected them in different ways. After applying a Lasso regression, nine of the 25 indicators – representing crucial factors of quality of life – were identified. Homicide rate (representing the factor of safety) affected all three indices in a negative way, whereas Years in education (representing the factor of education) and Life satisfaction – a subjective indicator of wellbeing representing the dimension of the same name, affected them positively.

PL

Niniejsza praca koncentruje się na ocenie czynników jakości życia na próbie 26 krajów. Jakość życia to złożone, wielowymiarowe pojęcie, które obejmuje różne aspekty społeczne, kulturowe, ekonomiczne, polityczne, demograficzne i środowiskowe. W związku z tym wybrano analizę głównych składowych i analizę regresji jako odpowiednie metody analizy relacji między 25 zmiennymi odnoszącymi się do jakości życia oraz ich związków z trzema złożonymi wskaźnikami odzwierciedlającymi kluczowe aspekty jakości życia, dobrostanu i zrównoważonego rozwoju. Wskaźniki te, stosowane jako zmienne odpowiedzi w analizie regresji, obejmują skorygowaną o nierówności alternatywę wskaźnika rozwoju społecznego (IHDI), wskaźnika szczęśliwej planety (HPI) i wskaźnika lat zdrowego życia (HLY). IHDI stanowi obiektywny wskaźnik rozwoju człowieka i dobrobytu. HLY odzwierciedla jakość życia w kategoriach zdrowia. HPI łączy w sobie efektywność ekologiczną, z jaką zapewnia dobrostan człowieka, a także subiektywną miarę dobrostanu. Ponieważ każdy z tych wskaźników w pewnym stopniu reprezentuje różne aspekty jakości życia, niektóre czynniki (reprezentowane przez wybrane wskaźniki) wpływały na nie w różny sposób. Po zastosowaniu regresji Lasso zidentyfikowano dziewięć z 25 wskaźników – reprezentujących kluczowe czynniki jakości życia. Wskaźnik zabójstw (będący czynnikiem bezpieczeństwa) wpłynął negatywnie na wszystkie trzy wskaźniki, natomiast lata nauki (będące czynnikiem wykształcenia) i zadowolenie z życia – subiektywny wskaźnik dobrostanu reprezentujący wymiar o tej samej nazwie – wpłynęły na nie pozytywnie.

12

PRET-ization of uRISC Core

Košt’ál Martin, Sojka Michal

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2021

|

Vol. 25

495--500

EN

Modern safety-critical embedded systems have to be time-deterministic to guarantee safety. One source of time-nondeterminism are interrupts. This paper shows how to mitigate their influence in the system on a commercially available processor IP (Codasip uRISC) can be modified to exhibit time-determinism in real-time workloads and isolate interrupts. We extend the processor with fine-grained multithreading and isolated interrupt handling to localize time-nondeterminism caused by interrupts. We show a comparison between original and extended processors on a selection of TACleBench benchmarks. For interrupt-driven workloads, ideal interrupt isolation is achieved. The proposed modification can be used on other in-order single-issue processors.

13

Purpose of patient satisfaction for efficient management of healthcare provision

Gavurova Beata, Kovac Viliam, Khouri Samer

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2020

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Vol. 22, No. 1

134--146

EN

The management of the healthcare facilities is closely related to their evaluation. A very crucial point of this process is assigned to the patients who are the most important persons to assess the offered healthcare service. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the selected quality criteria of the healthcare provision in the healthcare facilities in the Slovak Republic. A territorial view is employed too in order to carry out the analytical process. The case mix index, the intensive care unit transfer ratio, the long-term rehospitalisation ratio, the mortality rate, and the operation mortality rate serve as the input dimensions for the processing the regression analysis for the sake of the construction of the regression models explaining the satisfaction of the patients whose evaluation comes from the public database altogether with the other explored dimension. The analysis outcome demonstrate that all these variables influence significantly the patient satisfaction and the ten districts of the Slovak Republic possess also statistical significance.

PL

Zarządzanie placówkami służby zdrowia jest ściśle związane z ich oceną. Bardzo ważny punkt tego procesu przypisuje się pacjentom, którzy są najważniejszymi osobami w ocenie oferowanej opieki zdrowotnej. Celem artykułu jest ocena wybranych kryteriów jakości świadczenia opieki zdrowotnej w placówkach służby zdrowia na Słowacji. W celu przeprowadzenia procesu analitycznego stosuje się również perspektywę terytorialną. Wskaźnik mieszany przypadków, wskaźnik przeniesienia na oddział intensywnej terapii, wskaźnik rehospitalizacji długoterminowej, współczynnik umieralności i śmiertelność operacyjna służą jako wymiary wejściowe do przetwarzania analizy regresji na potrzeby konstrukcji modeli regresji wyjaśniających satysfakcja pacjentów, których ocena pochodzi z publicznej bazy danych wraz z innym badanym wymiarem. Wyniki analizy pokazują, że wszystkie te zmienne mają istotny wpływ na satysfakcję pacjentów, a dziesięć okręgów Republiki Słowackiej ma również znaczenie statystyczne.

14

The analysis of dependence of the level of operational costs and production outputs upon geological and mining conditions in selected hard coal mines in Poland

Sobczyk Eugeniusz Jacek, Sokołowski Andrzej, Kopacz Michał, Fijorek Kamil, Denkowska Sabina

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi

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2020

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T. 36, z. 3

75--96

EN

This publication presents the research aimed at developing statistical models, on the basis of which it was possible to prepare credible forecasts of unit cost and coal net output for longwalls in 5 hard coal mines in Poland. The argument has been verified that there is a dependence between the level of nuisance and the level of costs, as well as longwall production results. A research procedure has been developed for that purpose, which aimed at developing two statistical models connecting the nuisance due to geological and mining conditions with costs and longwall production results. The multiple linear regression technique has been used to develop statistical models. The set of data taken into account in the analyses comprised 120 longwalls mined in the years 2010–2019. Two models have been developed – one for forecasting unit costs, the other for forecasting coal net output. Subsequently, the models’ forecasting ability has been verified on a sample of historical data. A relative forecast error for 75% of observations has been in the range of (–25%; +37%). That result has been considered satisfactory. Subsequently, using those models, forecasts of unit costs and coal net output have been prepared for 220 longwalls planned for mining in the years 2020–2030. Those forecasts have been prepared in the stipulated ranges of geological and mining nuisance influencing mining process, by means of dedicated W Ue and W Ut factors. The nuisance models for forecasting purposes have been developed using the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method. The research hypothesis has been confirmed on the basis of the obtained results. An increase in the level of nuisance leads to an increase in the unit costs for longwalls and the deterioration of production results. Unit operating costs for longwalls in specific ranges of nuisance may differ by up to 30%, being in the range of 52.0–120.3 zł/Mg. Likewise, the coal daily output of longwalls may be even 22% lower, having the average level in the range of 1.89–3.61 thousand Mg/d.

PL

Publikacja prezentuje badania zmierzające do opracowania modeli statystycznych, na podstawie których możliwe było wykonanie wiarygodnych prognoz kosztu jednostkowego i wydobycia netto ścian w 5 kopalniach węgla kamiennego w Polsce. Weryfikowano tezę, że istnieje zależność pomiędzy poziomem uciążliwości a wielkością kosztów i wynikami produkcyjnymi ścian. W tym celu opracowano procedurę badawczą prowadzącą do skonstruowania dwóch modeli statystycznych wiążących uciążliwość warunków geologicznych i górniczych z kosztami i wynikami produkcyjnymi ścian. Do skonstruowania modeli statystycznych posłużono się techniką regresji wielorakiej. Zbiór danych, które uwzględniono w analizach, obejmował 120 ścian eksploatowanych w latach 2010–2019. Powstały dwa modele – jeden dla celów prognozowania kosztów jednostkowych, drugi – produkcji węgla netto. Następnie wykonano weryfikację zdolności prognostycznej tych modeli w próbie danych historycznych. Względny błąd prognozy dla 75% obserwacji wahał się w przedziale (–25%; +37%), a jego średnia wartość dla wszystkich obserwacji nie przekraczała 5% dla obu tych modeli. Wynik ten, mimo defektów modelowania liniowego, uznano za satysfakcjonujący. Następnie przy użyciu tych modeli wykonano prognozy kosztów jednostkowych i coal net output dla 220 ścian planowanych do wydobycia w latach 2020–2030. Prognozy te wykonano w umownych przedziałach uciążliwości geologicznych i górniczych warunków procesu eksploatacji za pomocą wskaźników WUe i WUt. Modele uciążliwości dla celów prognostycznych skonstruowano z wykorzystaniem metody AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). Na bazie otrzymanych wyników teza badawcza została potwierdzona. Wzrost uciążliwości prowadzi do wzrostu kosztu jednostkowego ścian i pogorszenia wyników produkcyjnych. Zależność ta nie jest liniowa. Koszty jednostkowe ścian w poszczególnych przedziałach uciążliwości mogą się wahać nawet do 30%, mieszcząc się w przedziale 52,0–120,3 zł/Mg. Podobnie również wydobycie dobowe ze ścian może być niższe nawet o 22%, i kształtować na poziomie średnim w przedziale 1,89–3,61 tys. Mg/d.

15

Examining of portable batteries externalities with focus on consumption and disposal phases

Shuptar-Poryvaieva Natalia Yosipivna, Gubanova Elena Rostislavovna, Andryeyeva Natalia Mykolaivna, Shevchenko Tetiana Ivanivna

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2020

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nr 4

24--37

EN

Today, the problem of increasing negative environmental externalities related to waste management, especially electronic waste, which also includes used household batteries and accumulators, is becoming increasingly acute. They cause significant damage not only to the environment but also to public health when released into the environment without control. The purpose of this work is to study the environmental and economic aspects and determine the external effects caused by the consequences of the consumption of autonomous batteries. Correlation-regression analysis showed that there is a link between indicators of domestic market filling of household batteries and the dynamics of mortality related to cancer. The study provides simplified calculations of external effects that arise in Ukraine because of the consumption of household batteries due to the absence of a system for their collection and disposal. The sum of the total external effects is determined, excluding losses due to air pollution, water pollution, and agricultural losses.

PL

Obecnie coraz bardziej dotkliwy staje się problem negatywnych środowiskowych efektów zewnętrznych związanych z gospodarką odpadami, zwłaszcza elektroodpadami, które obejmują również zużyte baterie i akumulatory z gospodarstw domowych. W przypadku niekontrolowanego ich uwolnienia do środowiska, powodują znaczne szkody nie tylko dla środowiska, ale także dla zdrowia publicznego. Celem artykułu jest zbadanie środowiskowych oraz ekonomicznych aspektów, jak również określenie zewnętrznych skutków związanych z używaniem baterii. Analiza korelacji i regresji wykazała, że istnieje związek pomiędzy wskaźnikami wypełnienia rynku krajowego bateriami dla gospodarstw domowych a dynamiką umieralności związanej z rakiem. W opracowaniu przedstawiono uproszczone obliczenia skutków zewnętrznych, które pojawiają się na Ukrainie w wyniku zużycia baterii domowych z powodu braku systemu ich zbierania i utylizacji. Suma całkowitych skutków zewnętrznych jest określana z wyłączeniem strat spowodowanych zanieczyszczeniem powietrza, wody i strat w rolnictwie.

16

A numerical model for impacts of left-turn non-motorized vehicles on through lane capacity metrics

He Lieyun, Lin Xinming, Liu Qiang, Tao Jason X

Archives of Transport

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2020

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Vol. 55, iss. 3

7--16

EN

There is a conflict between through motor vehicles and the left-turn non-motorized vehicles, and the capacity of straight-line motor vehicles decreases. This study analyzes the impacts of left-turn non-motorized vehicles on the capacity of through motor vehicle lanes. A correction coefficient model for calculating the reduced capacity of through motor vehicle lanes has been developed based on analysis of the conflicting points at an intersection and the negative exponential function of traffic flow distribution. With consideration of intersection geometric design, channelization, and traffic characteristics, the cor-rection coefficient model was further enhanced by regression to capture the impacts of left-turn non-motorized vehicles from the same and the opposite directions. A simulation with VISSIM is used to validate the developed model. It shows that the calculated capacity from the correction coefficient model is close to the simulation results. The experiment indicates that the derived model is highly accurate in calculating the capacity of through motor vehicle lanes and has potential application for situations of mixed traffic in China. The study shows that the capacity of a through traffic lane at the permitted phase decreases with the increase of left-turning non-motorized vehicles, and the impact of left-turning non-motorized vehicles from the same direction is more significant. The results show that the traffic capacity of straight-line motor vehicle decreases with the increase of the left-turn non-motorized vehicles flow rate and the influence of the left-turn non-motor vehicle is more obvious. It is suggested that in practice, the correction coefficient of non-motor vehicle on the left turn should be 0.88, and the correction coefficient on the left turn should be 0.95, respectively. The study recommends coefficient values for both non-motorized vehicles from the same and opposite directions for use in real applications.

17

Determination of the calcium sulfate hemihydrate content by regression analysis using the initial setting time

Li Bing

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 66, nr 2

421--437

EN

In this paper, we randomly select 75 sets data of calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH) content and initial setting time, and the traditional test method of CSH and analyses initial setting time was used by complexometric titration. So the close relationship between them was studied in depth, which classification fitting data to be analyzed by regression analysis. The result shows that this regression analysis method can accurately determine CSH content in modified industrial by-product gypsum. The determination method has the advantages of simplification and rapid operation. As well as, the XRF quantitative analytical method was used to test the CSH content, which verified the accuracy of regression analysis method. The results also show that this method has high accuracy, and can simplify the traditional experimental process. The method developed is easier and more convenient and has broad prospects in application.

18

Overview of the Transformer-based Models for NLP Tasks

Gillioz Anthony, Casas Jacky, Mugellini Elena, Abou Khaled Omar

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2020

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Vol. 21

179--183

EN

In 2017, Vaswani et al. proposed a new neural network architecture named Transformer. That modern architecture quickly revolutionized the natural language processing world. Models like GPT and BERT relying on this Transformer architecture have fully outperformed the previous state-of-the-art networks. It surpassed the earlier approaches by such a wide margin that all the recent cutting edge models seem to rely on these Transformer-based architectures. In this paper, we provide an overview and explanations of the latest models. We cover the auto-regressive models such as GPT, GPT-2 and XLNET, as well as the auto-encoder architecture such as BERT and a lot of post-BERT models like RoBERTa, ALBERT, ERNIE 1.0/2.0.

19

Prediction of Surface Roughness based on the Machining Conditions with the Effect of Machining Stability

Lin Yung-Chih, Chen You-Chen, Wu Kung-Da, Hung Jui-Pin

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2020

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Vol. 14, no 2

171--183

EN

This study was aimed at analyzing the influence of the cutting parameters (spindle speed, feed rate and cutting depth) on the surface roughness of the machined parts with the influence of the machining stability of the cutter. In order to consider the chattering effect, the machining stabilities were calculated based on the measured tool tip frequency response functions. A series of machining tests were conducted on aluminum workpieces under different cutting parameters. Then, the surface roughness prediction models in the form of nonlinear quadratic and power-law functions were established based on the multivariable regression method, in which the input parameters, cutting depth and spindle speed, were respectively defined in the stable and unstable regions, according to the stability lobes diagram. The current results show that both models built with the cutting parameters defined in stable regions demonstrate higher prediction accuracy of the surface roughness, about 90%, when compared with the models defined in full regions with the accuracy of about 80%. In particular, the power-law model is proven to have 90% prediction accuracy when validated with the cutting parameters in a stable region. As a conclusion, the mathematical models based on the cutting parameters with well-defined machining stability were proven to show more accurate prediction ability of the surface roughness. It could be expected that the prediction model can further be applied to optimize the machining conditions in low speed roughing and high speed finishing process with desirable surface quality.

20

Towards the optimization of process parameters for impact strength of natural fiber reinforced composites: Taguchi method

Yusuf S. S., Islam M. N., Ali M. H., Akram M. W., Siddique M. A.

Advances in Materials Science

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2020

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Vol. 20, nr 2(64)

54--70

EN

This paper presents an investigation of impact strength of sponge gourd, coir, and jute fibers reinforced epoxy resin-based composites. Impact strength of specimens, made of composites with various proportions of wt% ratio of resin and hardener, wt% of resin and hardener, wt% ratio of sponge gourd and jute, wt% ratio of sponge gourd and coir, was measured. Design of experiment was done by Taguchi method using four control factors with three levels. Effect of the above control factors on impact strength was examined and the best combinations of control factors are advised. Confirmation test was performed by using this combination and the percentage of contribution of the above factors on impact strength was investigated by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Contour and interaction plots provide helpfully examines to explore the combined influences of different control factors on output characteristics. The regression equation represents a mathematical model that relates control factors with impact strength.