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1
Content available Wytyczne realizacji audytu instalacji przemysłowej na przykładzie wytwarzania emulsji azotanu(V) amonu
Wrzesiński Janusz Adam
Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej
|
2019
|
Nr 71 (tom 3)
47--72
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie ogólnych wytycznych realizacji audytu instalacji przemysłowej, zagrożonej procesami egzotermicznymi i determinującymi samonagrzewanie, akumulację ciepła, samoprzyśpieszający się proces rozkładu termicznego i w konsekwencji wybuch cieplny, na przykładzie wytwarzania emulsji azotanu(V) amonu – emulsyjnych materiałów wybuchowych (EMW). Podstawą oceny ryzyka wybuchu cieplnego są badania kalorymetryczne stabilności termicznej metodami dynamicznymi i izotermicznymi. Na podstawie badań kalorymetrycznych wyznacza się parametry kinetyczne i cieplne procesu rozkładu termicznego. Po uzyskaniu parametrów kinetycznych wyznacza się parametry krytyczne stosując postulat Frank-Kamenetski’ego. Uzyskane wielkości kinetyczne i krytyczne, stosowane są podczas realizacji audytu instalacji przemysłowej, rozruchu, modyfikacji, realizacji procesu, zatrzymania oraz sytuacji katastroficznych – dla potrzeb opiniowania sądowego.
EN
The aim of the article is to present general guidelines for the audit of an chemical installations threatened by exothermic reaction and determining self-heating, heat accumulation, self-accelerating thermal decomposition and, as a consequence, thermal explosion. Problems are discussed on the example of explosive emulsion of ammonium nitrate(V). The paper presents the basics of technology of production of ammonium nitrate(V) emulsion. In the next step the risk of a thermal explosion was estimated by the calorimetry research of thermal stability using dynamic and isothermal methods. On the basis of the calorimetry research, the kinetic and thermal parameters of the thermal decomposition process were determined. After determining the kinetic parameters, critical parameters were calculated using the Frank-Kamenetsky postulate. For the forensic opinion, the obtained kinetic and critical values are used, in the audit of the chemical installation during its start-up, modification, chemical process implementation, stopping and after emergency accident.
2
Content available Symulacja procesu technologicznego w aspekcie jego logistyki i wydajności
Janisz K., Mikulec A., Górka K.
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
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2017
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R. 18, nr 6
1394--1399, CD
PL
W artykule omówione zostały możliwości zastosowania symulacji komputerowej do analizy procesu technologicznego. Zaprezentowano przykładowe modele i przeanalizowano różne rozwiązania logistyczne. Przeprowadzone symulacje pozwoliły znaleźć taki model i konfigurację procesu, który zapewni osiągnięcie oczekiwanej wydajności. Zastosowane oprogramowanie pozwala tworzyć komputerowe modele procesów technologicznych i badać ich zachowanie.
EN
The article discussed possibilities of using computer simulation to analyze the technological process. Exemplary models were presented and the various logistics solutions were analyzed. The simulations allowed to find the model and configuration process that will ensure the achievement of the expected productivity.
3
Content available remote Algorytmiczna metoda w programowaniu układów sterowania
Szcześniak J., Szcześniak Z.
Przegląd Elektrotechniczny
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2013
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R. 89, nr 8
282--285
PL
W artykule przedstawiono analizę węzła technologicznego transportu skrzynek w procesie mycia i sortowania owoców. Omówiono algorytmiczną metodę projektowania sekwencyjnych układów sterowania. Przedstawiono działanie układu w sposób graficzny. Scharakteryzowano proces tworzenie grafu układu. Na podstawie sporządzonego grafu, opisującego funkcje przetwarzania sygnałów, podano sposób szybkiego programowania sekwencyjnych układów pneumatycznych, elektropneumatycznych oraz układów z Programowalnymi Sterownikami Logicznymi (PLC).
EN
This paper presents analysis of process line of box transport in the process of washing and sorting fruits. The algorithmic method for designing sequential control systems was discussed. Principle of operation of the system was graphically presented. Process of creating system graph was characterized. On the basis of created graph which describes functions of signal processing, the method of fast programming sequential pneumatic, electro-pneumatic systems and systems with programmable logic controller (PLC) was given.
4
Content available Metody ocen ekologicznych i ekonomicznych technologii
Kowalski Z., Makara A.
Chemik
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2010
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Vol. 64, nr 3
158-167
PL
Kompleksowa ocena procesu produkcyjnego powinna obejmować przede wszystkim analizę procesu technologicznego, bilans strumieni surowców i materiałów pomocniczych, aparaty i urządzenia oraz bilans wytwarzanych i emitowanych odpadów. Ważnym etapem oceny jest identyfikacja potencjalnych źródeł powstawania odpadów.
EN
A comprehensive assessment of the manufacturing process should mainly include the study of technological process, balance of flows of raw materials and auxiliary materials, apparatus and equipment, and the balance of generated and emitted wastes. An important stage of assessment is to identify the potential sources of wastes.
5
Content available remote The wire rod superficial processing and the quality and environmental criterion
Karkoszka T., Szewieczek D.
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
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2008
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Vol. 31, nr 2
778-785
EN
Purpose: Purpose of the presented paper is meant to enlight the common points between the application of practically well-matched methods of investigation and opinion of quality and usage of the modern technical, technological or organizational solutions, in this issue in the technological processes of preparation the wire rod surface to the plastic processing. Design/methodology/approach: Applied for the survey has comprised the adequate integrated expert methods of technological processes’ analysis and opinion, as well as the integrated opinion of technological processes using the Integrated Risk Ratio. Findings: of the led survey are as follows: the realization of quality and environmental policy in accordance with the proposed model results in the improvement of analyzed productive processes of steel wire rod, and in consequence-to their optimization both in the range of view of products quality and in the aspect of quality of environmental influence. Practical implications: Can refer to the substituting the chemical etching of wire rod by taking advantage of the technology, taking into account the method of mechanical removing of cinder. Originality/value: of the presented paper has been achieved by application of the new methodology covering the usage of integrated opinion of technological processes, including the Integrated Risk Ratio.
6
Content available remote Risk of the processes in the aspect of quality, natural environment and occupational safety
Karkoszka T., Szewieczek D.
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
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2007
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Vol. 20, nr 1-2
539-542
EN
Purpose: Purpose of the presented paper aimed at motivating the necessity of the simultaneous implementation of Quality Management System, Environmental Management System, as well as Occupational Health and Safety Management System and showing the possibility of usage the simultaneous estimation of incompatibilities, environmental impacts and results of threats to occupational health and safety; in this case in the process of thermal treatment. Design/methodology/approach: Methodology used for the research has covered the integrated method of technological processes' analyzes and opinion taking advantage of general algorithm of estimating the risk connected with the presence of incompatibilities, environmental impacts and effects of threats to occupational health and safety. Findings: Findings of the carried out researches are as follows: the realization of quality, environmental and occupational health and safety policy using the proposed model of processes' estimation leads to the improvement of the analyzed productive processes by the preventive and corrective actions, and in consequence - to their optimization from the point of view of products' quality and in the aspect of quality environmental influence and occupational health and safety. Practical implications: Practical implication can refer to the replacement of different methods of estimation the incompatibilities in Quality Management System, environmental impacts in Environmental Management System and the after-effects of threats to occupational health and safety in Occupational Health and Safety Management System by applying of the integrated estimation of the risk; what has been verified in the processes of thermal treatment of the steel wire. Originality/value: Originality of the presented paper belongs to the methodology comprising the usage of integrated estimation of technological processes.
7
Content available remote Occupational risk assessment in the process of continuous steel casting
Karkoszka T., Szewieczek D.
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
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2007
|
Vol. 24, nr 2
207-210
EN
Purpose: of the presented paper aimed at motivating the necessity of the implementation of Occupational Health and Safety Management System and showing the possibility of usage the estimation of threats to occupational health and safety and results of threats; in this case in the process of continuous steel casting. Design/methodology/approach: used for the research has covered the occupational health and safety risk assessment including the identification and classification of the threats, occupational risk assessment as well as calculation of its acceptability. Findings: of the carried out researches are as follows: the realization of occupational health and safety policy using the occupational health and safety risk assessment leads to the improvement of the analyzed processes by the preventive actions, and in consequence - lowering of the occupational risk to the acceptable level. Practical implications: can refer to continuous steel casting processes and to the usage of occupational health and safety risk assessment, identification of the threats connected with physical factors in the sudden manner acting on worker as well as recommendation of the preventive actions in the form of the means of collective and individual protection and organizational and procedural means. Originality/value: of the presented paper has the meaning both for the employees from the point of view of work in the safe and hygienic conditions, as well as for employers from the point of view of creation the proper work background and possibilities of legal and normative requirements fulfilling.
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