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Biomechanical characterization of slope walking using musculoskeletal model simulation

Masayuki K., Hata K., Kiyama R., Maeda T., Yone K.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2018

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Vol. 20, no. 1

117--125

EN

Upslope and downslope walking are basic activities necessary for normal daily living in community, and they impose greater joint load on the lower extremities than during level walking. Thus, the purpose of this study was to quantify the resultant and shear forces in the hip and knee joints during slope walking. Methods: Twelve healthy volunteers were evaluated when walking under level and 10° up- and downslope conditions. Three-dimensional gait analysis was conducted using a 7-camera optoelectronic motion analysis system combined with a force plate to measure ground reactive force. Joint forces in the hip and knee joints were estimated using musculoskeletal model simulation. Results: Results showed that the resultant hip force was increased significantly to 117.2% and 126.9%, and the resultant knee force was increased to 133.5% and 144.5% in up- and downslope walking, respectively, compared to that of level walking. Furthermore, increased shear force in the hip and knee joints was noted during both slope walking conditions. Conclusions: This information may be beneficial for therapists advising elderly people or patients with osteoarthrosis on an appropriate gait pattern, gait assistive devices, or orthoses according to their living environment.

2

Relationships between walking velocity and distance and the symmetry of temporospatial parameters in chronic post-stroke subjects

Guzik A., Drużbicki M., Przysada G., Kwolek A., Brzozowska-Magoń A., Sobolewski M.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2017

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Vol. 19, no. 3

147--154

EN

Purpose: Subjects with post-stroke hemiparesis frequently present with asymmetric gait patterns. Symmetry, reflecting similarities in temporospatial, kinematic parameters, is an important measure of gait assessment. The study was designed to examine the relationships between asymmetry of temporal, spatial and kinematic gait parameters and walking velocity and distance. Methods: Temporospatial and kinematic gait parameters were examined in a group of 50 chronic post-stroke subjects and in a group of 25 healthy controls. Symmetry ratio was calculated for all the parameters. Gait velocity was measured during 10-metre test, the walking distance during 2-Minute Walk Test, and balance during Up&Go Test. Results: The relationship between stance phase duration symmetry and gait speed was at a moderate level (r = –0.43, p = 0.0173). There was a moderate relationship between swing phase symmetry and walking velocity and distance. The findings did not show a significant correlation between step length symmetry versus gait speed and distance. Conclusions: There is a mild relationship between self-selected gait velocity and walking distance versus temporal parameters symmetry. The findings do not confirm a relationship between self-selected gait velocity and walking distance versus spatial and kinematic parameters as well as balance. Likewise, no evidence confirms that asymmetry of temporal, spatial, kinematic gait parameters changes with the age of post-stroke subjects or is related to the length of time from stroke onset. Given the above, gait symmetry may be recognized as an important indicator of the level of gait control in post-stroke patients because it enables unique gait assessment, independent from other parameters.

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Kinematic gait parameters changes in patients after total knee arthroplasty : Comparison between cruciate-retaining and posterior-substituting design

Hajduk G., Nowak K., Sobota G., Kusz D., Kopeć K., Błaszczak E., Cieliński Ł., Bacik B.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2016

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Vol. 18, no. 3

137--142

EN

Purpose: The patients expect optimal knee function after Total Knee Arthroplasty. It is necessary to apply appropriate surgical technique and supervised physical therapy. The optimal management of posterior cruciate ligament remains controversial. Both implant designs, i.e., cruciate retaining and posterior substituting, allow the orthopedic surgeon to achieve excellent clinical outcomes, as measured by commonly used questionnaires. Such methods of assessment may poorly reflect the functional status of patients. Therefore, three-dimensional gait analysis is recommended to evaluate the outcomes of surgical intervention. This study sought to determine differences in kinematic gait parameters and Knee Society Score between cruciate-retaining and posterior-substituting patients. Methods:23 individuals after cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty and 19 individuals after posterior-substituting total knee arthroplasty were subjected to gait analysis using three-dimensional motion capture system BTS Smart DX 7000. In addition, gait was assessed in 21 patients with knee osteoarthritis and in 30 healthy individuals. Results: The study did not reveal differences between cruciate-retaining and posterior-substituting groups, both in terms of Knee Society Score and kinematic gait parameters. There were also no differences in kinematic gait parameters between patients from the knee osteoarthritis group and total knee arthroplasty groups. The analyzed parameters in all of the groups differed significantly from those found in healthy individuals. Conclusions: Surgical technique and implant design do not affect values of kinematic gait parameters evaluated under natural walking speed. Several months after surgery the patients still demonstrated alterations in gait pattern, similar to those recorded in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

4

Temporal and spatial parameters of gait during pregnancy

Bertuit J., Feipel V., Rooze M.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2015

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Vol. 17, no. 2

93--101

EN

The objective of this study was to describe spatial and temporal parameters during gait in pregnant women, and to compare it with women in post-partum and with a control group. Methods: To investigate alteration in natural locomotion, we used an electronic walkway (GAITRite system). Fifty-eight pregnant women (four last months of pregnancy), nine post-partum women and twenty-three healthy nulligravidae women participated in this study. The women performed the motor task at three different speeds: preferred, fast and slow. Spatial and temporal parameters for pregnant and non-pregnant were compared. Results: In pregnant women, gait speed, step length and cadence were reduced. Consequently, cycle time was longer. The gait cycle was modified by an increase of stance phase and a decrease of swing phase. As a result, an increase of double support and a decrease of single support phases were observed. Step width increased by 15%. Conclusions: The pattern of gait displayed significant modifications during pregnancy as compared to nulliparous women. These changes favour a more stable and safe gait. After childbirth, women kept some characteristics of gait in pregnancy during 8 months.

5

Analiza kinematyki i dynamiki chodu osób z porażeniem połowiczym

Ogrodnik J., Derlatka M., Piszczatowski S.

Aktualne Problemy Biomechaniki

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2014

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z. 8

133--138

PL

Celem pracy była analiza chodu osób z porażeniem połowiczym po udarze mózgu. Dokonano porównania wybranych parametrów lokomocji osób z porażeniem do chodu osób zdrowych, a także kończyny po stronie porażonej i nieporażonej. Analizie poddano 10 osób, w tym 4 kobiety i 6 mężczyzn. Wyniki badań przedstawiono na tle rezultatów chodu z naturalną prędkością młodych, zdrowych osób, stanowiących grupę porównawczą.

EN

The aim of this paper was to analyse the gait of people after stroke with hemiplegia and make comparision with the health people’s walk. Gait parameters obtained for paralyzed limb were compared with those obtainted for health one. Ten people after strokes with hemiplegia, including 4 women and 6 men, were taken into consederation. The results were presented on the background of the walk of the young, health people who were the reference group.