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Floristic composition and environmental determinants of roadside vegetation in Northern England

Akbar K., Hale W., Headley A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2009

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Vol. 57, nr 1

73-88

EN

The roadside vegetation in some counties of north England (north and west Yorkshire) was studied to determine the community structure according to the British National Vegetation Classification (NVC) and main environmental factors influencing its composition. The data from Phytosociological survey (699 quadrats) and from the physico-chemical analyses of 233 soil samples from 35 sites were obtained. Both the classification (TWINSPAN & MATCH) and ordination programs (Canonical Correspondence Analysis) were used. The roadside vegetation is mainly dominated by few grasses (Arrhenatherum elatius, Festuca rubra, Dactylis glomerata, Lolium perenne, Poa trivialis, Elymus repens, Holcus lanatus) and their associated herbs (Cirsium arvense, Heracleum sphondylium, Urtica dioica). Five NVC Mesotrophic grassland communities (Arrhenatheretum elatioris community MG1, Lolium perenne-Cynosurus cristatus grassland MG6, Lolium perenne leys MG7, Holcus lanatus- Deschampsia cespitosa grassland MG9, Festuca rubra-Agrostis stolonifera-Potentilla anserina grassland MG11) and one Upland Festuca ovina-Agrostis capillaris-Galium saxatile grassland, U4 were identified which in general, exhibited good fit with the typical NVC units. Altitude, pH, potassium, sodium and road age were found to be the main variables affecting the roadside vegetation. By relating the floristic composition with ecological characteristics of the roadside verges, three kinds of pattern of variation are observed. The first pattern is related to regional or geographical characteristics and the second pattern of variation exists across the width of the road verges showing a zonal pattern of plant distribution. The third scale of pattern is active at the local level including micro-environmental conditions, e.g., local edaphic variables.

2

Związki pomiędzy warunkami pracy pojazdu a parametrami rozruchu silnika spalinowego

Nikoniuk J., Krzywonos L., Pieczywek P.

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność

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2006

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nr 4

27-31

PL

Określanie związków pomiędzy wybranymi parametrami rozruchu silnika spalinowego, a warunkami eksploatacji pojazdu (wynikającymi z organizacji jego pracy w danym systemie transportu) wydaje się interesujące z naukowego, ale także z praktycznego punktu widzenia. Pozwoli to bowiem na znalezienie czynników w zbiorze warunków eksploatacji pojazdu, które umożliwią "sterowanie" parametrami rozruchu silnika spalinowego. Niniejszy artykuł prezentuje wyniki przebiegowych badań eksploatacyjnych samochodu. Pozwoliły one na identyfikację warunków jego eksploatacji oraz parametrów pracy i rozruchu silnika spalinowego. Na ich podstawie przeprowadzono następujące statystyczne analizy: korelacji, regresji oraz analizę kanoniczną, które pozwoliły na określenie związków pomiędzy warunkami pracy samochodu a wybranymi parametrami rozruchu jego silnika spalinowego.

EN

Describing the connections between some chosen start-up parameters and the vehicle maintenance conditions, which are the results of the vehicle work organisation in the transport system, is very interesting from the scientific and the practical points of view. It allows us to find factors in the group of the vehicle maintenance conditions that enable to "control" the engine start-up parameters. This article presents the results of the traction operational tests of the vehicle. These researches permit to identify the vehicle maintenance conditions and the engine work and the start-up parameters. of such researches. Basing on them the following statistics analysis were conducted: correlation, regression and canonical. These analysis allowed us to define the connections between the vehicle work conditions and some chosen engine start-up parameters.

3

Segmentacja nieużytków porolnych na obrazach satelity TERRA/ASTER przy wykorzystaniu analizy kanonicznej

Faryś M.

Roczniki Geomatyki

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2005

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T. 3, z. 4

63-68

EN

In 2002, total area of abandoned fields and fallow fields in Poland amounted to ca 14% of the total area of arable fields. Economic reasons, the application of direct subsidies in agriculture, make it necessary to develop new, fast and accurate methods of identification of areas of abandoned and fallow fields. The use of the remote sensing method may bring desired effects. The aim of this paper is to test the suitability of using the canonical analysis, on the basis of information included in the channels of the TERRA/ASTER satellite in order to segment areas of abandoned fields from the contents of satellite images. The canonical analysis, in the form of decomposition of main constituents, may bring goud results as a tool to separate single class spectral objects. The results of the canonical analysis were used as output data to analyze clusters in order to create a bitmap. The ISODATA algorithm was used to classify images. The obtained classes were connected so as to create a binary image where the value of one refers to the location of a spectral object, while the value of zero refers to the remaining kontent of the image. TNTMips software was used for the digital processing of images.