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1

Cost-effectiveness analysis of wastewater treatment by the activated sludge and biofilter methods

Karolinczak Beata

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2019

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nr 3

75--86

EN

The paper presents the methodology and results of cost-effectiveness analysis of selected methods of wastewater treatment: activated sludge and biofilter. The analysis concerns small municipal wastewater treatment plants with capacity of 10 to 500 m3d-1 in Poland (~100 to 5000 PE). It is based on data on total investment outlays, annual operating costs and total average annual costs. It has been shown that, in the case of investment outlays, there are no statistically significant differences between technologies. However, the annual operating costs and the total average annual cost of wastewater treatment are the lowest when applying the biofilter technology. The models presented in the paper can be used for costs estimation at the initial stage of designing municipal wastewater treatment plants. The total average annual cost of wastewater treatment determines the charges for sewerage services. This charge, alongside technological and environmental factors, as well as local conditions, should be one of the criteria for choosing a method for wastewater treatment.

2

Ex-ante analysis model of the cost-effectiveness of environmental policy regulations

Broniewicz Elżbieta

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

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2019

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Vol. 12, no. 2

119--130

EN

The paper aims to develop a model of ex-ante cost-effectiveness analysis for regulations applied in environmental policy. The experience gained so far in applying cost-effectiveness analysis on an ex-post and ex-ante basis has been analysed. Major problems have been identified in the practical application of the ex-ante cost-effectiveness analysis in non-investment activities. On this basis, a model for the ex-ante cost-effectiveness analysis was proposed. The developed theoretical model consists of three modules: data preparation, forecasting and interpretation. The model was verified on the environmental policy regulation - greenhouse gases emissions trading system which was implemented in Poland in 2008.

3

Zastosowanie metod oceny ekonomicznej efektywności obiektów wodociągowych i kanalizacyjnych

Karolińczak B., Miłaszewski R.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2016

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Tom 18, cz. 2

770--782

EN

The objective of the article is to evaluate two methods used for assessing the economic efficiency of investments in water supply and sewerage systems investment projects. The assessment methods discussed are cost-benefits analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis. Simple and developed indices are used in the cost-benefits analysis. The examples of cost-effectiveness analysis using simple indices are discussed. They include the payback period of capital outlays incurred on the construction of a sanitary sewerage system and the annual revenue to annual cost of investment ratio specified for a biological reactor of a wastewater treatment plant with anaerobic sludge stabilization. In order to assess the economic effectiveness of a sample municipal wastewater treatment plant, an absolute investment effectiveness index was used. The paper also presents an example of using such developed indices as NPV and BCR to assess the effectiveness of selected rural sanitary sewerage systems. The index of annual average cost was used in the cost effectiveness analysis. It allowed for the selection of the most effective variant of an on-site wastewater treatment plant. These examples confirmed the possibility of using of the cost-benefits analysis to assess the financial feasibility of constructing water supply and sewerage systems. In order to evaluate the efficiency of investment of wastewater treatment plants, it is recommended to use the absolute investment effectiveness index, which takes into account the level of avoided losses of the carried out investment, as well as the end results of the investment. In turn, the cost-effectiveness analysis, which uses the rate of the average annual unit cost, allows for the selection of an investment variant with the lowest total cost, taking into account both investment and operating costs.

4

Analiza efektywności kosztów na przykładzie wdrożenia eko-busów w projekcie transportowym CiViTAS Renaissance

Piątkowski P., Jucha M.

Logistyka

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2015

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nr 4

5289--5297, CD 2

PL

W artykule przedstawiono tematykę i zakres realizacji zadań transportowych zrealizowanych w Szczecinku w ramach projektu CiViTASRenaissance. Projekt ten stanowił ważne zagadnienie, umożliwiające społeczności Szczecinka spotkanie się i testowanie innowacyjnych technologii i rozwiązań w zakresie transportu miejskiego. Projekt ten umożliwił także wymianę doświadczeń pomiędzy czterema innymi europejskimi miastami realizujące podobne tematycznie zadania projektowe, lecz różniące się lokalnymi uwarunkowaniami. Prezentowana praca dotyczy zagadnienia analizy efektywności kosztów w projektach transportowych finansowanych ze środków Unii Europejskiej. Problematyka ta stanowi wielowymiarową analizę czynników związanych z efektami wdrażanego zadania. Główna trudność dotyczy tego, że analizowane czynniki oraz efekty zadania nie występują jako bezpośrednio związane z realizacją zadań, a często stanowią pośredni skutek jego realizacji. Stąd przedstawiono tu główne zasady oraz efekty wynikające z wdrożenia do eksploatacji eko-autobusów zasilanych paliwem alternatywnym przez lokalnego operatora komunikacji miejskiej.

EN

The paper presents an issues and the scope of transport measures realized in Szczecinek by the CiViTAS Renaissance project. This project is an very important way for local society to achieve possibility of testing the new transport technology connected with the transport system in the city. Moreover, the project allowed to change of experiences with the other four European cities which implemented similar measures, but always directly specialized by local society and technical conditions. This paper presents some of issues connected with the cost-benefits analysis which has been prepared during and after implementation of the transport measures in Szczecinek. These issues are involved in multi-dimensions analysis of factors and effects of implemented measure. The head trouble is connected with different and hard to specify factors (for ex. society, environment, finance, health, etc.) and direct or indirect effects of the measure. Thus, the paper presents only the main rules of cost-benefits analysis and effect of the measure connected with implementation of mini Eco-bus fleet in Szczecinek.

5

Zastosowanie indywidualnych oczyszczalni ścieków w niekorzystnych warunkach gruntowo-wodnych

Karolinczak B.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2014

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Nr 40

129--136

PL

W artykule przedstawiono technologiczne i ekonomiczne aspekty zastosowania indywidualnych oczyszczalni ścieków w niekorzystnych warunkach gruntowo-wodnych, rozumianych jako występowanie gruntów nieprzepuszczalnych, a także wysokiego poziomu wód gruntowych. W ramach analizy technicznej usystematyzowano informacje w zakresie możliwych do zastosowania technologii oczyszczania i odprowadzania ścieków oczyszczonych. W ramach analizy ekonomicznej wykazano z jakimi dodatkowymi nakładami inwestycyjnymi wiąże się budowa indywidualnej oczyszczalni ścieków w niekorzystnych warunkach gruntowo-wodnych. W podsumowaniu dokonano analizy efektywności kosztowej możliwych do zastosowania technologii.

EN

The article presents technological and economic aspects of application of individual wastewater treatment plans in difficult soil and water conditions which include impermeable soils and a high level of groundwater. Technical analysis reviews available information around possible technologies applicable to sewage treatment and its discharge. Economic analysis highlights additional outlays that are associated with a construction of the treatment plant in such difficult conditions. In summary, a cost-effectiveness analysis is carried out.