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1

The role and importance of risk assessment in machinery design and control systems on the example of a model research line designed for the production of low-emission composite fuel

Kozłowski Artur, Smyła Jarosław, Bembenek Michał, Wojtas Piotr, Kasprzyczak Leszek

Journal of KONBiN

|

2023

|

Vol. 53, iss. 1

25--45

EN

The article discusses the construction and functionality of a modular line for the production of low-emission composite fuel, which was developed as part of a project cofinanced by European Funds, the aim of which was to develop an ecological, composite solid fuel intended for low and medium power boilers. The designed and built innovative production line has been tested in terms of safety requirements in accordance with the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC. Based on the harmonized standards, the risk estimation algorithm was selected. The assessment covered, inter alia, mechanical, electrical and thermal hazards, hazards related to noise and processed material, and those related to control systems that perform safety functions. In order to eliminate non-conformities, technical and organizational measures increasing the safety of service were proposed.

PL

W artykule omówiono budowę i funkcjonalność modułowej linii do wytwarzania niskoemisyjnego paliwa kompozytowego, która została opracowana w ramach projektu dofinansowanego z Funduszy Europejskich, którego celem było opracowanie ekologicznego, kompozytowego paliwa stałego przeznaczonego do kotłów małej i średniej mocy. Zaprojektowana i zbudowana innowacyjna linia produkcyjna została sprawdzona pod kątem wymagań bezpieczeństwa według Dyrektywy Maszynowej 2006/42/WE. Na podstawie norm zharmonizowanych dokonano wyboru algorytmu szacowania ryzyka. Ocenie podlegały m.in. zagrożenia mechaniczne, elektryczne, termiczne, zagrożenia związane z hałasem i przetwarzanym materiałem oraz dotyczące systemów sterowania realizujących funkcje bezpieczeństwa. W celu eliminacji niezgodności zaproponowane zostały techniczne i organizacyjne środki podnoszące bezpieczeństwo obsługi.

2

Bicycle free-flow speed estimation based on GPS data – comparison of bike sharing system and Strava data

Pazdan Sylwia, Kiec Mariusz

Archives of Transport

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2023

|

Vol. 68, iss. 4

77--90

EN

The increasing number of cyclists in cities around the world results in a greater focus on bicycle traffic. Next to traffic volume, the main characteristic of traffic used in road safety analysis, infrastructure planning, design, etc. is its speed. Bicycle speed is strongly affected by the type of bicycle facility, motor vehicle traffic parameters (volume, speed, share of heavy vehicles), trip motivation, weather conditions, etc., and therefore it is difficult to estimate. Traditionally, bicycle speed is determined directly using speed radar or indirectly, as a quotient of measurement base length and travel time calculated using a stopwatch or video technique. There are also researches where bicycle speed was esti mated based on GPS sources, mainly mobile apps. However, depending on the GPS source and the group of cyclists, bicycle speed gained from GPS data can be different from the speed of regular cyclists (due to different levels of experience or types of bicycle). In the paper, the relationships between bicycle speed obtained from empirical measurements and two different GPS sources, which were bike sharing system (Wavelo) and Strava app, were analysed. In total 18 research sites were selected different in terms of bicycle facility (bicycle path, shared pedestrian/bicycle path, contra flow lane) and element of road network (road segment, bicycle crossing with or without traffic signals). Two tailed test for two means was conducted to analyses the statistical significance of differences in bicycle speed estimated based on GPS data and empirical measurements using video technique. It showed that Wavelo and Strava speeds are by 17.4% lower are by 23.1% higher than the speeds of regular cyclists respectively. Two linear regression models describing relationships between bicycle speeds from empirical measurements and GPS data were developed. The results show that the variance of bicycle speed is almost 80% described by the variance of Wavelo speed and 60% described by the variance of Strava speed, which suggests that bicycle free-flow speed can be estimated based on GPS data either from bike share system or dedicated app.

3

Quantitative safety analysis of train control system based on statistical model checking

Lin Junting, Min Xiaoqin

Archives of Transport

|

2022

|

Vol. 61, iss. 1

7--19

EN

With the rapid development of communication technology, the Train-centric Communication-based Train Control (TcCBTC) system adopting the train-train communication mode to reduce the transmission link of control information, will become the direction of urban rail transit field development. At present, TcCBTC system is in the stage of key technology research and prototype development. Uncertain behavior in the process of system operation may lead to operation accidents. Therefore, before the system is put into use, it must undergo strict testing and security verification to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the system. In the paper, the formal modeling and quantitative analysis of train tracking operation under moving block are carried out. Firstly, the structure of TcCBTC system and the train tracking interval control strategy under moving block conditions are analyzed. The subsystem involved in train tracking and the uncertain factors in system operation are determined. Then, based on the Stochastic Hybrid Automata (SHA), a network of SHA model of train dynamics model, communication components and on-board controller in the process of train tracking is established, which can formally describe the uncertain environment in the process of system operation. UPPAAL-SMC is used to simulate the change curve of train position and speed during tracking, it is verified that the model meets the safety requirements in static environment. Finally, taking Statistical Model Checking (SMC) as the basis of safety analysis, the probability of train collision in uncertain environment is calculated. The results show that after accurately modeling the train tracking operation control mechanism through network of SHA, the SMC method can accurately calculate the probability of train rearend collision, which proves that the method has strong feasibility and effectiveness. Formal modeling and analysis of safety-critical system is very important, which enables designers to grasp the hidden dangers of the system in the design stage and safety evaluation stage of train control system, and further provides theoretical reference for the subsequent TcCBTC system design and development, practical application and related specification improvement.

4

Use of safety analysis in industrial maintenance management

Tabor Joanna

Quality Production Improvement - QPI

|

2021

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Vol. 3, Iss. 1

162--172

EN

The maintenance system is one of the key systems in the industry, because it ensures the continuity of work and the safety of the production systems. The maintenance system includes a set of specific activities carried out by people in various environmental conditions, with the use of appropriate equipment and within a specific organizational and management structure. Activities carried out by maintenance workers are related to the occurrence of various types of physical, chemical, biological or psychosocial risks. These dangers can lead to accidents or occupational diseases. Therefore, the task of managers within maintenance systems is to provide people working in these systems with an appropriate level of safety through the use of properly selected preventive measures. The methods of safety analysis are related to the examination of various systems in order to identify and assess the risks in these systems and to prepare the safety characteristics of these systems, which allows for the correct adjustment of preventive measures to the identified needs. The purpose of this work is to present the basic methods of Safety Analysis in terms of their possible use in the area of industrial maintenance. As part of the work, the hazards at work in maintenance were characterized, the importance of safety analysis for the identification of hazards and accident prevention was discussed, and the key methods of safety analysis were presented in terms of their possible use to improve work safety in an industrial maintenance system. The presented considerations are original. The findings of the article will be very useful for management in implementing safe maintenance systems in industry.

5

Optimization model for planning set of measures to prevent occupational injuries in machine-building enterprises

Stupnytska Nataliya, Stupnytskyy Vadym

Journal of KONBiN

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2020

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Vol. 50, iss. 1

117--129

EN

Criteria of occupational injuries potential risk in the machine-building industry are described in the article. Systemic analysis of the structure of the measures to prevent occupational injuries is given. Main tasks to reduce the risk of industrial injury at the machinebuilding enterprise are analysed. The methodology for optimal planning of accident prevention measures at the machine-building enterprise is described. A mathematical interpretation of the problem is given. The objective function is an argument of the maximum integral effectiveness for the set of planned measures to prevent occupational injuries. Constraint set of the optimization model describes the impossibility to exceed the allowable limit of cost, the feasibility and the possibility of implementing the measure’s plan reasoning from the technological and construction requirements of existing production engineering.

PL

W artykule opisano kryteria potencjalnego ryzyka urazów w pracy w przemyśle maszynowym. Podano analizę systemową struktury środków służących zapobieganiu urazów w miejscu pracy. Dokonano analizy głównych zadań mających na celu zmniejszenie ryzyka urazów w przedsiębiorstwach budowy maszyn. Przedstawiono matematyczną interpretację wspomnianego problemu. Funkcja celu jest argumentem maksymalnej integralnej skuteczności w odniesieniu do pakietu środków służących zapobieganiu urazów w miejscu pracy. Ograniczony pakiet modelu optymalizacyjnego opisuje niemożność przekroczenia dozwolonego limitu kosztów, wykonalność oraz możliwość wdrożenia uzasadnionego planu działania na podstawie wymagań technologicznych i konstrukcyjnych istniejącej technologii produkcji.

6

Analiza zagrożeń bezpieczeństwa dla współczesnych platform mobilnych

Górski G., Nowacki M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału Elektroniki i Informatyki Politechniki Koszalińskiej

|

2018

|

Nr 13

47--54

PL

W artykule zostały opisane wybrane grupy zagrożeń (klasy ataków) dla współczesnych systemów mobilnych, które w większości mogą być wykonane bez wiedzy użytkownika. Poszczególne podatności sklasyfikowano w trzech grupach jako zagrożenia pochodzące od innych aplikacji działających na urządzeniu mobilnym, wynikające z niedoskonałości lub ukrytych funkcjonalności systemu operacyjnego oraz ataków z wykorzystaniem warstwy sprzętowej telefonu. Wprowadzono także definicję oraz wymagania jakie stawiane są dla systemu zaufanego. Obecny poziom zabezpieczeń w konfrontacji z zaprezentowanymi podatnościami uniemożliwia w obecnym stanie zaklasyfikowanie systemów mobilnych do grupy systemów zaufanych.

EN

The article describes selected groups of attacks for modern mobile systems which can mostly be executed without the user awareness. The particular vulnerabilities have been classified into 3 groups as threats from other applications executed in a mobile device resulting from defects or the other hidden functionalities present in the operating system and the attacks executed by using the hardware layer. A definition and requirements for a trusted system have been introduced. The current level of security in confrontation with the presented vulnerabilities does not allow in the current state to classify the mobile systems into the group of trusted systems.

7

Cyfrowy krok naprzód w drodze do bezpieczniejszych kolei

Colclough J.

Inżynier Budownictwa

|

2018

|

nr 6

93--94

8

Wykrywanie dolnej granicy wybuchowości z wykorzystaniem stacjonarnych systemów detekcji gazów

Ambrożkiewicz B., Przystupa K., Szewczyk M.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

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2018

|

R. 19, nr 12

49--53

PL

W artykule przedstawiono analizę obecnie stosowanych metod wykrywania dolnej granicy wybuchowości na przykładzie tłoczni gazu. Praca obejmuje: wybranie metody analizy bezpieczeństwa i oceny ryzyka, wykonanie obliczeń, zidentyfikowanie mechanizmów wystąpienia zagrożeń, oraz zaproponowanie działań mających na celu eliminację skutków ich wystąpienia. Poruszony problem, w uproszczeniu można sprowadzić do pytania czy wykrywanie zagrożeń jakie mają miejsce na tłoczniach gazu jest wykonywane w sposób optymalny oraz czy występujące z tym problemy są na bieżąco eliminowane?

EN

The article presents an analysis of currently used methods of detecting the lower limit of flammability on the example of the Gas Compressor Station. Its scope includes the development of methods of safety analysis, risk assessment together with calculations and identification of mechanisms of occurrence of threats, as well as taking actions aimed at eliminating the effects of their occurrence. The problem raised is the question whether the detection of hazards that take place at gas compressor stations are carried out correctly and whether the problems involved are eliminated.

9

Analiza bezpieczeństwa ruchu pojazdów jednośladowych w latach 2010-2017 na przykładzie powiatu radomskiego

Perzyński T., Pietruszczak D., Witczak Ł.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

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2018

|

R. 19, nr 12

196--201

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wybrane rozwiązania zwiększające bezpieczeństwo w pojazdach jednośladowych. Omówiono wybrane elementy bezpieczeństwa biernego i czynnego. Przedstawiono dane statystyczne dotyczące udziału pojazdów jednośladowych w zdarzeniach drogowych w latach 2010–2017 w powiecie radomskim. Przeprowadzono również ankietę wśród użytkowników pojazdów jednośladowych dotyczącą bezpieczeństwa.

EN

The paper presents selected solutions increasing safety in two-wheeled vehicles. Selected elements of passive and active safety in motorcycles were discussed. Statistical data on the share of two-wheeled vehicles in road incidents in the years 2010-2017 in the Radom County were presented. The results of the survey conducted among motorcyclists were shown.

10

Implementacja metody Bow-Tie do analizy bezpieczeństwa systemów wodociągowych

Rak J., Pietrucha-Urbanik K.

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2017

|

Nr 11

453--457

PL

W normie ISO 31000 zaprezentowano 28 metodyk analizy i oceny ryzyka. Wszystkie w zależności od potrzeb można zastosować w branży wodociągowej. Celem pracy jest propozycja zastosowania metody Bow-Tie (Kokardy) do oceny i analizy bezpieczeństwa systemów zaopatrzenia w wodę. W pracy przedstawiono założenia nowej metodologii analizy bezpieczeństwa dla zidentyfikowanych zagrożeń i ich możliwych skutków. Przedstawiona w pracy metoda uwzględnia różne scenariusze sytuacji awaryjnych związanych z funkcjonowaniem systemów wodociągowych.

EN

In ISO 28000 norm 28 methodologies for risk analysis and assessment were presented. Depending on needs all can be used in the water supply industry. The aim of this paper is to propose the use of the Bow-Tie method to assess and analyze the safety of water supply systems. The paper presents the assumptions of a new safety analysis methodology for hazards identification and their possible effects. The method presented in the paper takes into account various scenarios of emergency situations related to the functioning of water supply systems.

11

Analiza bezpieczeństwa uczestników wypadku drogowego

Falana S., Pietrowska K., Joszko K., Wolański W.

Aktualne Problemy Biomechaniki

|

2017

|

z. 13

13--20

PL

W pracy przedstawiono analizę bezpieczeństwa pasażerów samochodu osobowego podczas zderzenia czołowego. Badania modelowe wykonano z wykorzystaniem oprogramowania MADYMO oraz modeli manekinów: osoby dorosłej (HYBRID III) oraz 6-letniego dziecka (PO6). Przeprowadzone symulacje numeryczne obejmowały różne warianty i konfiguracje mocowań pasów bezpieczeństwa. Ocenę skuteczności działania systemów bezpieczeństwa przeprowadzono na podstawie wyznaczonych parametrów kinematycznych i dynamicznych jak np. przyspieszenia głowy, momentów sił, a także kryteriów urazowości (HIC, NIC oraz Nij). Otrzymane wyniki wykazały, że im większa liczba mocowań pasów bezpieczeństwa tym mniejsze prawdopodobieństwo wystąpienia poważnych obrażeń podczas wypadku drogowego.

EN

The safety analysis of the vehicle passengers during frontal collision was presented in this paper. Model researches were performed using Madymo software with models of adult dummy (HYBRID III) and 6-year-old child dummy (P06). The various options and configurations of safety belts were considered in numerical simulations. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the safety systems was based on the kinematic and dynamic parameters, such as: acceleration of the head, force moments and Injury Criteria (HIC, NIC and Nij). The obtained results showed that the increasing number of safety belt anchorages cause decreasing probability of serious injury during car accident.

12

Długoterminowa ocena bezpieczeństwa składowisk nisko- i średnioaktywnych odpadów promieniotwórczych

Lankof L.

Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN

|

2016

|

nr 92

171--182

PL

Składowanie nisko- i średnioaktywnych odpadów promieniotwórczych wymaga opracowania długoletniej koncepcji zapewniającej bezpieczeństwo środowiska. Narzędziem pozwalającym uwiarygodnić przyjęte koncepcje składowania jest kompleksowa ocena bezpieczeństwa opracowywana zarówno indywidualnie przez organizacje zajmujące się gospodarką odpadami promieniotwórczymi w poszczególnych krajach, jak również w ramach międzynarodowej współpracy np. pod auspicjami Międzynarodowej Agencji Energii Atomowej w Wiedniu (MAEA). Prace prowadzone w ramach międzynarodowych projektów finansowanych przez MAEA pozwoliły na opracowanie założeń metodycznych w zakresie oceny bezpieczeństwa dla składowisk odpadów promieniotwórczych. W niniejszym artykule zostaną przedstawione zagadnienie związane z oceną bezpieczeństwa obejmującą: charakterystykę systemu składowania oraz analizy bezpieczeństwa związane z oceną możliwości uwalniania i migracji izotopów promieniotwórczych do środowiska i pozwalającą na określenie poziomu narażenia na promieniowanie jonizujące.

EN

The storage of low and intermediate level radioactive waste requires the development of a long-term safety strategy ensuring environmental safety. The tool for building confidence for the concepts of waste disposal is a comprehensive safety study which is developed individually by the organizations involved in radioactive waste management as well as within the framework of international cooperation e.g. under the auspices of the International Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna (IAEA). International cooperation within the framework of projects financed by the IAEA has allowed for the development of safety assessment methodologies for radioactive waste disposal facilities. In this article, the issues regarding the safety study including disposal system characteristics and safety assessments of the potential radionuclide release and its migration in the geosphere to identify the level of exposure to ionizing radiation will be presented.

13

Facilitators and barriers to occupational health and safety in small and medium-sized enterprises: a descriptive exploratory study in Ontario, Canada

Nowrouzi B., Gohar B., Nowrouzi-Kia B., Garbaczewska M., Chapovalov O., Myette-Cote E., Carter L.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2016

|

Vol. 22, No. 3

360--366

EN

Purpose. The purpose of this particular study was to test a newly created instrument in describing the facilitators and barriers to occupational health and safety in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Ontario, Canada. Methods. A cross-sectional design was used to identify the occupational health and safety culture of SMEs in public and private sectors in Ontario. Results. A total of 153 questionnaires were completed. The majority of respondents were female (84%) with a mean age of 49.8 years (SD 10.6). Seventy-four percent were supervisors. Seventy percent of respondents were from the private sector while 30% derived from the public sector including healthcare, community services, and non-profit organizations. Further, conducting regular external safety inspections of the workplace was found to be statistically associated with a safe work environment 2.88 95% CI [1.57, 5.27]. Conclusions. Strategies and training opportunities that focus on how to adapt occupational health and safety legislation to the nature and diversity of SMEs are recommended. Furthermore, employers may use such information to improve safety in their SMEs, while researchers can hopefully use such evidence to develop interventions that are applicable to meeting the occupational health and safety needs of SMEs.

14

Contribution of individual components of a job cycle on overall severity of whole-body vibration exposure: a study in Indian mines

Mandal B. B., Mansfield N. J.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

|

2016

|

Vol. 22, No. 1

142--151

EN

Drivers of earth-moving machines are exposed to whole-body vibration (WBV). In mining operations there can be a combination of relatively high magnitudes of vibration and long exposure times. Effective risk mitigation requires understanding of the main aspects of a task that pose a hazard to health. There are very few published studies of WBV exposure from India. This paper reports on a study that considered the contribution of the component phases of dumper operations, on the overall vibration exposure of the drivers. It shows that vibration magnitudes are relatively high, and that haulage tasks are the main contributor to the exposure. It is recommended that driver speed, haul road surfaces and vehicle maintenance/selection are optimized to ensure minimization of vibration. If this is not sufficient, operation times might need to be reduced in order to ensure that the health guidance caution zone from Standard No. ISO 2631-1:1997 is not exceeded.

15

Assessment of the effect of welding fumes on welders’ cognitive failure and health-related quality of life

Rahmani A., Golbabaei F., Dehghan S. F., Mazlomi A., Akbarzadeh A.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

|

2016

|

Vol. 22, No. 3

426--432

EN

Introduction. This study examined whether cognitive symptoms and health-related quality of life can be affected by welding fume exposure. Method. Participants consisted of welders (n = 40) and welder assistants (n = 25) from welding units as the exposed group, and office workers (n = 44) as the non-exposed group. All participants were studied using ambient air monitoring and two types of questionnaires: the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) and the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Results. Welders and welder assistants were exposed to higher concentrations of all airborne metals than office employees, except for aluminum and chromium (p < 0.05). Mean (95% confidence interval) CFQ score was higher in welders (26.42 (12.74)) compared with welder assistants (22.68 (14.37)) and the non-exposed group (21.38 (8.75)), although these differences were not statistically significant. Mean total score of the SF-36 significantly differed among the three groups (p < 0.05) and welders had the lowest score (M (SD) = 54.84 (17.88)). The relationships between total CFQ score and the measured concentration of nickel at peak work rate was significant for welders. Conclusion. Cognitive symptoms and health-related quality of life were not related to the measures of welding fume exposure and further research should be performed to find other influencing factors.

16

An expert system for the quantification of fault rates in construction fall accidents

Birgonul M. T., Dikmen I., Budayan C., Demirel T.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

|

2016

|

Vol. 22, No. 1

20--31

EN

Introduction. Expert witness reports, prepared with the aim of quantifying fault rates among parties, play an important role in a court's final decision. However, conflicting fault rates assigned by different expert witness boards lead to iterative objections raised by the related parties. This unfavorable situation mainly originates due to the subjectivity of expert judgments and unavailability of objective information about the causes of accidents. As a solution to this shortcoming, an expert system based on a rule-based system was developed for the quantification of fault rates in construction fall accidents. The aim of developing DsSafe is decreasing the subjectivity inherent in expert witness reports. Methodology. Eighty-four inspection reports prepared by the official and authorized inspectors were examined and root causes of construction fall accidents in Turkey were identified. Using this information, an evaluation form was designed and submitted to the experts. Experts were asked to evaluate the importance level of the factors that govern fall accidents and determine the fault rates under different scenarios. Based on expert judgments, a rule-based expert system was developed. The accuracy and reliability of DsSafe were tested with real data as obtained from finalized court cases. Result. DsSafe gives satisfactory results.

17

Projektowanie konstrukcji budowlanych

Biegus A.

Budownictwo i Prawo

|

2016

|

R. 19, nr 2

8--10

PL

To druga część tej problematyki, która dotyczy m.in. analizy bezpieczeństwa konstrukcji według półprobabilistycznej metody stanów granicznych. Analizując bezpieczeństwo konstrukcji, należy ustalić taką kombinację równoczesnego występowania obciążeń stałych i zmiennych.

EN

It is the second part of this problematic, which concerns interalia the analysis of structure safety according to the half probabilistic limit state method. When analyzing the safety of the structure, such a combination of simultaneously appearing constant and variable loads, has to be determined.

18

Kryptoanaliza algorytmu szyfrującego HPM14

Rzońca D.

Studia Informatica

|

2015

|

Vol. 36, nr 3

5--10

PL

W artykule przeanalizowano jeden z opisywanych w literaturze algorytmów szyfrujących, bazujący na niestandardowym zastosowaniu kryptograficznie silnych funkcji skrótu. Wskazano jego potencjalne słabości i możliwe do przeprowadzenia ataki. Jeden z nich wymaga częściowej znajomości tekstu jawnego, drugi jedynie nierównomiernego rozkładu bitów (nieznanego intruzowi) na poszczególnych pozycjach bloku wiadomości.

EN

The paper analyzes the encryption algorithm, described in the literature, based on a custom application of cryptographically strong hash functions. Potential weaknesses and possible attacks have been described. One of them requires partial knowledge of the plaintext, while the second one needs only the uneven distribution of bits (unknown to intruder) at different positions of message blocks.

19

Analiza bezpieczeństwa zakotwienia warstwy fakturowej prefabrykatu wielkopłytowego po dociepleniu

Dębowski J.

Przegląd Budowlany

|

2015

|

R. 86, nr 6

12--17

PL

W artykule przedstawiono przegląd metodologii oceny stanu technicznego warstwy fakturowej w trójwarstwowych elementach ściennych budownictwa wielkopłytowego oraz wyniki analizy obliczeniowej bezpieczeństwa warstwy fakturowej obciążonej dodatkowo ciężarem ocieplenia. W obliczeniach uwzględniono potencjalne wady materiałowo-wykonawcze (zmiana średnicy wieszaków m.in. wskutek korozji, zastosowanie różnych gatunków stali).

EN

The article presents the methodology review pertaining to the assessment of the technical status of the textured layer in the three-layered wall elements of the ‘great panel’ buildings, along with the results of the calculation analysis regarding safety of the textured layer which additionally needs to bear the load imposed by the thermal insulation. The calculation did take into account the potential faulty materials or execution of the works (change in the diameter of the hangers resulting from corrosion, using different steel-types).

20

Safety analysis of coolant needed supply for Spent Fuel Pool in light of Fukushima Accident

Malicki M., Skolik K., Oettingen M.

Logistyka

|

2015

|

nr 4

9450--9457, CD3

EN

The Fukushima accident shows us that not only the core and reactor could make problems during unexpected events but also Spent Fuel Pool (SFP). That accident encouraged many experts to reconsider safety features in this area of Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) and to be more mindful of this potential problem. Preparing precise analysis of such accidents could provide important information about possible consequences and bring up essential solutions about how to improve SFP fuel management and safety systems related with the fuel storage process. This paper delivers analysis based on the Fukushima SFP unit 4 accident from March 11th 2011. The Fukushima type accident was caused by a lack of heat reception: water vaporization was the only way for heat to escape from SFP. Critical to avoid serious consequences in that situation is to know when and how much water must be provided by the operator to the SFP to ensure the assembly is submerged into a coolant. During this accident the SFP was almost full, 1530 of 1560 spots were taken and instruments, safety or safety-related systems like heat exchangers were not available.