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Inhibitory Effect of Sodium Benzoate as Preservative Material in the Biogas Production in a Batch Anaerobic Digestion Process

Sumantri Indro, Buchori Luqman, Anggoro Didi Dwi

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 8

120--128

EN

Sodium benzoate has been used a food preservative worldwide. The effect of sodium benzoate as a preservative in the wastewater treatment was examined from the biogas formation viewpoint. The research was conducted in batch mode reactor systems employing various ratios of activated sludge and solution of sodium benzoate volume. The MLSS of activated sludge used was 12 g/L, while the volume ratios of activated sludge and sodium benzoate ranged from 0 to 100%. The concentrations of sodium benzoate used were 50, 100, and 200 mg/L. The biogas samples were measured every two days for 60 days. The results showed that the volume ratio of activated sludge and sodium benzoate of 60% and 40% was a turning point where the existence of sodium benzoate influenced the formation of biogas. There were significant reductions of biogas formation from 200.6 mL to 66.6 mL, 159.8 mL to 66.0 mL and 130.2 mL to 54.0 mL for the initial SB concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 mg/L. The kinetic parameters of the Modified Gompertz equation exhibited the greatest degree of confidence equal to 95%.

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Gravimetric Evolution During Sewage Sludge Biostabilization

Posligua P., Peñaherrera M., Villegas E., Banchón C.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 19, nr 5

76--85

EN

Sewage sludge is a by-product in the wastewater treatment and is an inherent hazardous issue because of the pathogenic contamination of natural resources. Therefore, in this study, domestic sludge was treated with premontane forest soil, macronutrients, and also pasteurization to reduce the content of volatile solids and pathogens. The best biostabilization treatment using premontane forest soil and pasteurization obtained a volatile solids reduction of 87% according to the environmental regulations, in which a biosolid is stable in a range of 38% of volatile solids reduction. In less than 30 days in a mesophilic range, the coliform count was reduced up to 71% when using forest soil and pasteurization. Thus, a biosolid-class B was obtained using gravimetric means as a platform to promote fast quality control.

3

Harnessing sulfate-reducing microbial ecology to enhance attenuation of dissolved BTEX at two petroleum-impacted sites

Kolhatkar A., Bruce L., Kolhatkar R., Flagel S., Beckmann D., Larsen E.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2008

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Vol. 15, nr 6

535-549

EN

Enhanced bioremediation was investigated at two petroleum-impacted sites to evaluate the effect of sulfate addition on at-tenuation Tales of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) concentrations in groundwater. One site is an impacted area in the vicinity of a closed refinery in Kansas, and the other is a pipeline release site in Washington State. At the Kansas site sulfate was delivered to the aquifer weekly via 2 addition wells. The Washington site used a trench as an infiltration gallery. At both sites the BTEX attenuation Tales after sulfate addition were significantly higher than the natural attenuation Tales observed before the applications. At the Kansas pilot-study, benzene, ethylbenzene, and xylene attenuation Tales in wells downgradient of the sulfate addition were 2.6, 2.4, and 5.5 limes higher, respectively than the upgradient well that saw no sulfate. In the Kansas pilot-study, sulfate addition resulted in 65 to 90 % reduction in BTEX concentrations in 12 months. Sulfate added to address the dissolved BTEX plume at the pipeline release site in Washington Stale also resulted in dramatic enhancement of BTEX attenuation. The attenuation Tales in the sulfate enhanced area were 2 to 6 limes faster than the pre-application site-specific natural attenuation rates. The results in !his study indicated !hat sulfate addition was effective in enhancing the sulfate-reducing microbial ecology responsible for anaerobic biodegradation of dissolved BTEX plumes.

PL

W dwóch miejscach zanieczyszczonych ropą naftową badano wpływ udoskonalonej metody bioremediacji z użyciem siarczanów na stężenia benzenu, toluenu, etylobenzenu i ksylenu (BTEX) w wodach gruntowych. Prace te prowadzono na obszarach położonych w pobliżu zamkniętej rafineńi w Kansas oraz w pobliżu wycieku z rurociągu w stanie Waszyngton. W Kansas siarczany zostały dostarczone (raz w tygodniu) do warstwy wodonośnej przez 2 dodatkowe studnie, w stanie Waszyngton poprzez wykopane rowy. W obu miejscach stwierdzono zmniejszenie stężenia BTEX pod wpływem siarczanów. Na obszarze badań pilotażowych w Kansas zmniejszenia stężeń benzenu, etylobenzenu i ksylenu z użyciem siarczanów było odpowiednio 2,6, 2,4 i 5,5 razy większe niż bez użycia siarczanów. W tym samym miejscu dodatek siarczanów spowodował od 65 do 90% zmniejszenie stężeń BTEX w ciągu 12 miesięcy. Dodanie siarczanów w celu rozpuszczenia BTEX w pozostałościach wycieku z rurociągu w stanie Waszyngton także spowodowało znaczne obniżenie zawartości poprawę rozcieńczania BTEX. Szybkość tego procesu z wykorzystaniem siarczanów była od 2 do 6 razy większa od jego naturalnej szybkości rozcieńczania. Wyniki naszych badań wykazały, że dodatek siarczanów skutecznie wzmacniał działanie mikroorganizmów odpowiedzialnych za beztlenową biodegradację rozpuszczonych wycieków BTEX.

4

An overview on techniques and regulations of mechanical-biological pre-treatment of municipal solid waste

Ritzkowski M., Heerenklage J., Stegmann R.

Environmental Biotechnology

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2006

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Vol. 2, No. 2

57-68

EN

Landfilling of municipal solidwaste (MSW) causes significant problems from the production of landfill gas (LFG) and highly polluted leachate over long periods of time. These emissions have to be controlled, treated and sustainable reduced during the aftercare phase, incurring significant costs. Therefore, the overall wastemanagement strategy in Europe is towards reducing landfilling and promoting energy recovery fromMSW. However, as thermal treatment capacities are currently limited and incineration plants rely on largewaste input quantities (>150,000 t * a-1),mechanicalbiological pre-treatment (MBP) of waste was implemented as an alternative in different EU countries. By means of a combination ofmechanical pre-treatment and subsequent biological treatment, the emissions potential of the residual MSW can be significantly reduced under controlled conditions. As a result, MBP can be seen as an integral part of modern waste management concepts, including the mandatory separation of the high caloric fraction to be used as a fuel and for the production of biologically stabilised waste for landfilling. In order to improve the overall energy balance, modern MBP plants often include anaerobic treatment as the biological process component, hence increasing the efficiency of energy recovery from MSW.