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Role of accuracy and quantity of field tests in engineering-geotechnical researches for construction

Kutliyarov Damir, Ryzhkov Igor, Kutliyarov Amir, Khafizov Ayrat, Zubairov Ruslan

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

2020

Vol. 29, No. 4

421--434

The aim of this work is to summarize previously conducted studies on the optimization of the unequal geotechnical testing program and on the selection of the desired calculation indicator based on the results of such tests. The approximate, but quick and cheap tests (“express methods”) are recommended to be performed on a large scale and considered as a means of assessing the geotechnical structure of the site as a whole. It is proposed to carry out expensive “accurate” tests in a reduced volume and to use them as a means of correcting approximate tests. In the article, these issues are considered by the example of determining the bearing capacity of piles according to the data of static sounding (cone penetration testing – CPT), dynamic and static tests of full-scale piles. We propose the mathematical model for evaluating the informative content of the test complex, based on the concepts of information theory. The site is mentally divided into several sections, each of which is characterized by one of the possible values of the ultimate resistance of piles of a certain length. All variants of “placement in the plan” of possible values of pile resistances (“site images”) are considered. Initially, when nothing is known about the true value of the pile resistances in each section, all possible values of the pile resistances are assumed to be equally probable, i.e. the uncertainty of the situation is maximum. In the theory of information, such uncertainty is quantified by the value called entropy. When any test is performed at the site, the uncertainty decreases, and the more accurate the test the more significant is the decrease. The difference in entropy before and after the test represents the amount of information (in bits) that these tests carry. The calculations using this model showed that the information content of a large number of approximate tests can (due to heterogeneity of the soil) exceed the information content of small exact tests. Only one approximate test method can lead to the systematic error (overestimation or underestimation of the average value of the desired indicator). It is necessary to carry out control “exact” tests and approximate tests to eliminate such a danger. A technique is proposed for adjusting approximate estimates based on data from “accurate” tests, which ensures optimal “safety margins” in decisions being made.

Statistical analysis of significance estimation and quantity of the information in mass service

Zaiats Vasyl, Rybytska Olga, Zaiats Mariy

Zeszyty Naukowe. Telekomunikacja i Elektronika / Uniwersytet Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy w Bydgoszczy

2018

nr 21

9--23

On the basis of the theory of images, a new approach that allows quantifying the significance and amount of information is proposed. The approaches to the definition and calculation of the basic concepts of information theory, in particular, the amount of information and evaluation of its significance, are based on statistical considerations (classical approach), algorithmic theory (algorithmic approach), and the theory of pattern recognition (figurative approach). Approaches to the processing of fuzzy information are proposed in the conditions of incomplete determination of the vector of input characteristics, are based on the theory of fuzzy sets and fuzzy measures. Their analysis have been carried out, the limits of their use, and areas of effective application, in particular, regarding mass service systems

Na podstawie teorii obrazów proponuje się nowe podejście, które pozwala na ilościowe określenie znaczenia i ilości informacji. Podejścia do definiowania i obliczania podstawowych pojęć teorii informacji, w szczególności ilości informacji i oceny jej znaczenia, oparte są na rozważaniach statystycznych (podejście klasyczne), teorii algorytmicznej (podejście algorytmiczne) i teorii wzorca uznanie (podejście oparte na figuratywności). Podejścia do przetwarzania informacji rozmytych proponowane są w warunkach niepełnego wyznaczania wektora charakterystyk wejściowych; oparte są na teorii zbiorów rozmytych i miar rozmytych. Przeprowadzono ich analizę, określono granice ich stosowania oraz obszary skutecznego stosowania, w szczególności w odniesieniu do systemów usług masowych.

Analysis of the horizontal structure of a measurement and control geodetic network based on entropy

Mrówczyńska M.

Geodesy and Cartography

2013

Vol. 62, no. 1

23--31

The paper attempts to determine an optimum structure of a directional measurement and control network intended for investigating horizontal displacements. For this purpose it uses the notion of entropy as a logarithmical measure of probability of the state of a particular observation system. An optimum number of observations results from the difference of the entropy of the vector of parameters ΔHX (x)corresponding to one extra observation. An increment of entropy interpreted as an increment of the amount of information about the state of the system determines the adoption or rejection of another extra observation to be carried out.

W pracy podjęto próbę określenia optymalnej struktury sieci kierunkowej pomiarowo-kontrolnej przeznaczonej do badań przemieszczeń poziomych. W tym celu wykorzystano pojęcie entropii jako logarytmicznej miary prawdopodobieństwa stanu określonego układu obserwacyjnego. Optymalna liczba realizowanych obserwacji wynika z różnicy entropii wektora parametrów ΔHX (x) odpowiadającej jednej obserwacji nadliczbowej. Przyrost entropii interpretowany jako przyrost objętości informacji na temat stanu układu decyduje o przyjęciu względnie odrzuceniu do realizacji kolejnej obserwacji nadliczbowej.