Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Vertical migrations in an Alpine grassland cambisol after long-term sewage sludge application

Sager M.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

|

2017

|

Vol. 24, nr 1

141--158

EN

Differences between vertical mobilities of nutrient and trace elements within a long-term sludge-treated and an adjacent untreated Alpine grassland cambisol were investigated by column experiments. The site had been intensely fertilized with urban sewage sludge for 10 years of 7.5 Mg/ha annually, whereas an adjacent site had been left untreated. A model column experiment was set up to investigate changes of permeabilities and trace element retentions at 0-20 cm and 20-60 cm layers thereof. Elution was performed with de-ionized water at amounts of expected rainfall at the sampling site (1000 mm), as well as with equal volume of manure after biogas production. Long-term sludge treatment increased organic carbon, formation of ammonium and nitrate, and increased vertical mobility of K, P, S, Cu, and Fe, but also slightly higher (below 10-fold) for Na, Sr, Ba, Ni and V. Additional application of manure was of minor effect, mainly upon nitrate formation, and upon leaching of Fe, Mn as well as Fe/Mn proportion. Prior addition of FeCl2 to the manure in order to increase sulfide precipitation, mainly affected the output of ammonia, but hardly the cations or anions (e.g. P) investigated.

2

Spatial Distribution of Carbonaceous Aerosol in the Southeastern Baltic Sea Region (Event of Grass Fires)

Dudoitis V., Byčenkienė S., Plauškaitė K., Bozzetti C., Fröhlich R., Mordas G., Ulevičius V.

Acta Geophysica

|

2016

|

Vol. 64, no. 3

711--731

EN

The aerosol chemical composition in air masses affected by large vegetation fires transported from the Kaliningrad region (Russia) and southeast regions (Belarus and Ukraine) during early spring (March 2014) was characterized at the remote background site of Preila, Lithuania. In this study, the chemical composition of the particulate matter was studied by high temporal resolution instruments, including an Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) and a seven-wavelength aethalometer. Air masses were transported from twenty to several hundred kilometres, arriving at the measurement station after approximately half a day of transport. The concentration-weighted trajectory analysis suggests that organic aerosol particles are mainly transported over the Baltic Sea and the continent (southeast of Belarus). Results show that a significant fraction of the vegetation burning organic aerosol is transformed into oxidised forms in less than a half-day. Biomass burning aerosol (BBOA) was quantified from the ACSM data using a positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis, while its spatial distribution was evaluated using air mass clustering approach.

3

Nitrogen deposition and flux through three birch stands (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) in the Kampinos National Park (central Poland)

Kram K.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2008

|

Vol. 56, nr 4

605-612

EN

Nitrogen flow through birch stand canopies was studied in the Kampinos National Park (large forested area with inland dunes and wetlands close to Warsaw) during the growing seasons (April-October) of 2005-2006. The amount of nitrogen deposition including main forms like NO[3], NH[4], organic N and the aerosolgaseous fraction of deposition were estimated as well as the influence of birch canopies on this process. Because a method of "artificial foliage" allows to measure an aerosol-gaseous fraction of deposition a gradient of rain collectors equipped with artificial foliage of known surfaces were used. The results were compared with amounts of nitrogen measured in the throughfall of three birch forests. All stands (age 20.50 years) were rather similar, but stand II has smaller LAI (Leaf Area Index = 2.5 m[^2] m[^-2]) than stands II and III (3.8 and 3.9 m[^2] m[-2]). It was found that nitrogen deposition in the Kampinos National Park is rather high - 1.6 kg ha[^-1] month[-1]. Ammoniumnitrogen made almost half of this value, organic nitrogen - over one third, and nitrate-nitrogen constituted the rest. Aerosol-gaseous input significantly made the deposition increased only in the case of nitrate-nitrogen, but deposition of ammonium- and organic nitrogen were similar and independent of catching leaf area. All fractions of nitrogen were effectively taken up during their passing through birch canopies (57% of nitrogen deposition was retained). Generally two thirds of deposited ammonium-nitrogen, more than half of organic N, and one third of nitratenitrogen were taken up by birch canopies. However, uptake efficiency of all N forms was lower for stand with smallest leaf area with no statistically significant retention of organic N.

4

Automated sequential monitoring of ammonium, phosphate and nitrite in wastewater by multi-commutated peristaltic and solenoid pumped flow system : a comparative study

Carrasco M. E., Bautista J. A. G., Mateo J. V. G.

Chemia Analityczna

|

2007

|

Vol. 52, No. 5

757-770

EN

A comparative study on analytical performance of a basic multi-commutated solenoid pump flow system (MPFS) and multi-commutated FIA system (MCFS) has been performed. Both flow systems utilised three-port solenoid valves acting as fluidic switches. The MCFS system was obtained by replacing a solenoid pump with a peristaltic pump, synchronized with valves, as a propelling unit. These two continuous flow strategies were applied to spectro-photometric determination of ammonium, nitrite, and phosphate in wastewater samples from urban wastewater treatment plant. Optimised peristaltic and solenoid pumped flow systems yielded similar results with respect to sensitivity', linear range . MPFS was. however, superior to MCFS in terms of day-to-day reproducibility (RSDs calculated for the slopes of 20 calibration curves obtained in different days were: , sample consumption (reduced twice for determination of ammonium and nitrite), and sample throughput . MPFS was advantageous with respect to versatility, possibility of miniaturisation, and increased simplicity due to reconfiguration of single-commutated elements without the need of physical reconfiguration of the flow manifold.

PL

Wykonano badania porównawcze sprawności analitycznej wielodrożnego przepływowego układu pompy solenoidowej (MPFS) i wielodrożnego układu wstrzykowej analizy przepływowej (MCFS). W obu układach zastosowano trójdrożne zawory solenoidowe działające jako przełączniki strumieniowe. Układ MCFS otrzymano przez zastąpienie pompy solenoidowej pompą perystaityczną, zsynchronizowaną/ zaworami, jako jednostką napędową. Te dwie strategie ciągłego przepływu zastosowano do spektrofotometrycznego oznaczania lonów amonowych, azotynów i fosforanów w próbkach ścieków z oczyszczalni miejskiej. Zoptymalizowane układy pompowe przepływu - perystaltyczny i solenoidowy dały podobne wyniki w odniesieniu do czułości, zakresu liniowości . MPFS był jednak lepszy niż MCFS w przypadku odtwarzalności z dnia na dzień (względne odchylenie standardowe obliczone dla 20 wykresów kalibracyjnych wyznaczonych w różnych dniach wynosiło: zużycia próbki (mniejszego dwukrotnie przy oznaczaniu NH4: i NO2 oraz liczby analiz (86 h-1 MPFS był również lepszy ze względu na wszechstronność, możliwość miniaturyzacji i większą prostotę - możliwość zamiany jcdnodrożnych elementów bez konieczności fizycznej rekonstrukcji przewodów.

5

Możliwości odzysku jonów amonowych i ortofosforanowych ze ścieków i roztworów odpadowych w postaci ortofosforanu magnezu i amonu (struwitu)

Borowik M., Biskupski A., Malinowski P.

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2006

|

T. 85, nr 7

503-506

PL

Przeprowadzono obliczenia równowagowe dla roztworów zawierających jony amonowe, magnezowe i ortofosforanowe, co pozwoliło na wyznaczenie pól krystalizacji trudno rozpuszczalnych soli i związków magnezu, w tym struwitu. Przy jednakowym stężeniu wyjściowym powyższych jonów, optymalne pH ze względu na skuteczność strącania amonu wynosi ok. 9,6 i pozwala teoretycznie na osiągnięcie w roztworze w równowadze ze struwitem stężenia amonu 17 mg N/dm3 i fosforu 37 mg P/dm3. W wyniku strącania struwitu z przemysłowych roztworów odpadowych uzyskano w roztworze obniżenie stężenia amonu do 38 mg N/dm3 i fosforu do 19 mg P/dm3. Skuteczność usunięcia amonu z roztworów odpadowych wyniosła ponad 97% a fosforu ponad 99%. Sposób nie nadaje się do odzysku powyż szych składników z surowych ścieków komunalnych ze względu na ich zbyt niskie stężenia (poniżej rozpuszczalności struwitu).

EN

Phase equil. calcns. gave crystn. fields for sparingly sol. salts esp. struvite, pptg. from the solns. contg. NH4+, Mg2+ and HPO42- ions. At NH4+/ PO43-/ Mg2+ = 1:1:1 (by moles) starting concns., the struvite ppt. was max. at pH 9.6. The theoretical concns. of NH4+ and P at equil. with struvite are 17 mg N and 37 mg P/dm3, resp. In N-P-K fertilizer and steel-phopshating waste liquors, pptn. of struvite reduced the NH4+ (420–650) and P (1300–4500 mg/dm3) concns. by 97 and >99% (to 38 mg N and 19 mg P/dm3), resp. At an ionic strength of 0.5, struvite was best pptd. at pH 7.4–9.6. Low NH4+ and P concns., e.g., 40 mg N and 10 mg P/dm3 in a crude sewage, made struvite pptn. impossible.

6

Solvent extraction of inorganic and organic cations by octakis-O-diphenoxyphosphoryl-tetramethylcalix[4]resorcinarene

Taraszewska J., Koźbiał M.

Chemia Analityczna

|

2002

|

Vol. 47, No. 3

409-418

EN

Extraction of alkali metal, alkaline-earth metal Mg(II), Ca(II) cations and ammonium picra-tes as well as of Eu(IIl) and La(IlI) nitrates by complexation with octakis-O-diphenoxyphos-phoryl-tetramethylcalix[4] resorcinarene was studied by a liquid-liquid extraction from aqueous phase into chloroform. Extraction percentages (E%), stoichiometry and overall extraction constants (Kex) were determined. E% increased in the order lanthanum, europium >alka-line earth cations >ammonium cations>alkali cations. The stoichiometry of the complexes was 1:1. Kex increased with the increase of cation charge.

PL

Zbadano ekstrakcję z fazy wodnej pikrynianów metali alkalicznych, ziem alkalicznych Mg(II), Ca(II) i alkiloammoniowych oraz azotanów Eu(III) i La(lII) w wyniku komplekso-wania roztworem oktakis- difenoksyfosforylo-tetrametylokaliks[4]rezorcynarenu w chloroformie. Wyznaczono procenty ekstrakcj i (E%), stechiometrie, i stale ekstrakcj i (Kex). E% wzrastał w kolejności, lantan, europ >kationy metali ziem alkalicznych >kationy alkiloamo-niowe >kationy metali alkalicznych. Stechiometria kompleksów była1: 1. Kex wzrastała ze wzrostem ładunku kationu