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Effect of vegetation patchiness and site factors on distribution and diversity of testate amoebae and ciliates in peatbogs

Mieczan T.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2010

Vol. 58, nr 1

135-144

Testate amoebae and ciliates are common inhabitants of moist soils, lakes and peatbogs. These microorganisms are important consumers of bacteria, flagellates and algae; they also participate in transformation of the organic matter and nutrient regeneration. The complexity of micro-environmental conditions present in peatbogs and the challenges associated with the proper sampling may partly explain the fact that these microorganisms are still much less studied than other components of the ecosystem. The influence of emergent and submerged plants on community composition, abundance and biomass of testate amoebae and ciliates were investigated in two peatbogs in the eastern Poland. The raised and carbonate bogs selected for this study were considered to be representative of the bogs of the region and contained a broad diversity of habitats. Samples were collected in patches of Sphagnum angustifolium (C.C.O. Jensen ex Russow), Sphagnum cuspidatum Ehrh. ex Hoffm., Sphagnum palustre L., belts of Phragmites australis (Car.), Typha latifolia L., Carex acutiformis Ehrhart., Calliergonella cuspidata (Hedw.) and beds of Utricularia sp. Sampling was done on a monthly basis from April to November. At each plant patch (microhabitat) and each sampling date the water was sampled using a plexiglass core (length 1.0 m, [Radius]50 mm). Comparison of the species number, abundance and biomass (estimated in C organic units) of testate amoebae and ciliates between Sphagnum patches did not show statistically significant differences. The significant differences were noted in patches of plants in carbonate peatbog. The highest species number (40-46) was found in the Utricularia and Calliergonella, and the lowest richness (26-20) in the Typha, Phragmites and Carex. The density and biomass of protozoa communities, increase together with the abundance and the level of the complicated spatial structure of the plants. Based on differences in plant structure, two groups of habitats with similar patterns of size-related testate amoebae and ciliate distribution were distinguished. The first group consisted of three vegetated zones of smooth stem structure (Phragmites, Typha and Carex), the second group comprised plant species, which were more complex (Sphagnum, Utricularia and Calliergonella). In the redundancy analysis, water level, pH, concentration of TP, chlorophyll a and TOC together explain 45% of the variation in the species distribution data. The contribution of conductivity, dissolved oxygen TN and DOC was not (or marginally) statistically significant.