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Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals on Total Suspended Particles in Semi Urban, Urban, and Industrial Areas of Bandung Metropolitan Area, Indonesia

Fitria Novi, Fillaeli Annisa, Jelsih Marcelina, Koesmawati Tiny Agustini, Fitria Laili, Awfa Dion, Qadafi Muammar, Hanami Zarah Arwieny, Suryawan I. Wayan Koko, Prayogo Wisnu, Ikhwali M. Faisi, Nurhalimah Sri Marliah

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 5

131--140

EN

Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) in ambient air contain metallic elements and can be inhaled by humans. Inhaled metal elements risk public health with long-term exposure because metallic elements are carcinogenic in the human body. This study aimed to analyze metallic elements and assess their risk to public health in the Bandung area and its surroundings. The metal elements analyzed in this research are Pb, Al, and Mn. Ambient air sampling was carried out in five industrial areas: Bandung Wetan, Buahbatu, Cibeureum, Padalarang, and Cimahi. High Volume Air Sampler (HVAS) is for sampling TSP in ambient air, and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) was used to analyze metallic elements. The results of the study showed that the Cimahi location gave the highest TSP level (126.7 g/m3) and the lowest is Padalarang (15.1 μg/m3). The metal elements concentrations, Pb, Al, and Mn were varied widely of 7.1–29.21 ng/m3, 1054.9–1700.1 ng/m3, and 8.91–14.79 ng/m3, respectively. Risk analysis was determined by calculating ADDinhale, Hazard Quotient (HQ), and Hazard Index (HI) to determine whether there is a potential non–carcinogenic effect on public health. Each industrial area gives an HI value > 1.0 and Buahbatu has the highest HI. This study proves that Pb significantly contributes to the increased risk of community exposure to non-carcinogenic effects.

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Assessment of the Ambient Gaseous Pollutants in the Crowded Traffic Crossroad in Baghdad City

Al-Sultan Ammar A., Al-Kindi Ghayda Y., Kadhim Rana J., Al-Mhanawi Ahmed A. J.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 5

224--233

EN

Exposure to ambient gaseous components is a significant issue for people’s health. This study aims to check the modification effect of seasonal temperature variation on the association of ambient air pollutants in the selected traffic crossroads in Baghdad city. The study continued for around 180 calendar days from the winter of 2020 to the summer of 2021; during this period, seven major gaseous parameters, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), sulfur di-oxide (SO2), and ground ozone (O3), were tested via using the devices of GIG6 and GIG2. The results showed that the high temperature significantly affected the dispersion of air pollutants, whereas the increase in air temperature from 10 °C to 48 °C led to an increase in the concentration of H2S about ten times, and an increase in emission of CO around three times, while there are varying increases for the rest of the other air pollutants.

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Endotoxins in the air of objects of waste and wastewater management infrastructure. Review of the applied methodology and obtained results of the study

Jadczyk Piotr

Environment Protection Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 47, nr 2

49--58

EN

The paper analyses the variability of the methodology of collecting samples of endotoxins from the air in the premises and the vicinity of objects of waste management and wastewater treatment infrastructure, methods of their preparation, determination of endotoxin content, and results of research to date. The high sensitivity of analytical methods enables the analysis of the concentration of endotoxins in air samples with a small volume. After freezing, they can be stored for a long time. The effectiveness of extraction of endotoxins from bioaerosol samples can be improved by adding Tween 20 or Tween 80 to water. So far, factors determining the variability of concentrations of endotoxins in the air in the premises and the vicinity of objects of waste management infrastructure were determined. Further research in the scope is necessary. This will allow the determination of acceptable levels of endotoxin in the future. The impact of endotoxins on human health and the specificity of sewage and waste management must also be taken into account.

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Wielopierścieniowe węglowodory aromatyczne w pyle zawieszonym w miastach Górnego Śląska

Kozielska B., Rogula-Kozłowska W.

Archiwum Gospodarki Odpadami i Ochrony Środowiska

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2014

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Vol. 16, nr 2

75--84

PL

Z uwagi na swoje właściwości mutagenne i kancerogenne wielopierścieniowe węglowodory aromatyczne (WWA) są najszerzej badanymi trwałymi połączeniami organicznymi związanymi z aerozolem atmosferycznym. W pracy zaprezentowano i przeanalizowano historyczne, sięgające lat siedemdziesiątych ubiegłego wieku i dostępne z ostatnich lat, dane o ich stężeniach w całkowitym pyle zawieszonym na terenie Aglomeracji Górnośląskiej. Po ogromnej redukcji zanieczyszczenia powietrza, jaka miała miejsce na przełomie XX i XXI wieku, zmniejszył się znacząco poziom stężeń, zarówno pyłu zawieszonego jak i związanych z nim WWA. O ile pod koniec lat 90-tych średnioroczne stężenie sumy WWA osiągały wartości z przedziału od 260 do 590 ng/m3, to po roku 2000 w zimie nie przekracza wartości 160 ng/m3 a latem 10 ng/m3. W odróżnieniu od innych regionów, na Górnym Śląsku, wciąż emisje przemysłowe, a w szczególności, emisja komunalna odpowiedzialne są za kształtowanie stężeń WWA w powietrzu.

EN

Due to their mutagenic and carcinogenic properties, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the most widely researched persistent organic compounds linked with the particulate matter (PM). The following paper presents the analysis of the historical data embracing the period since 1970s. It concerns the information on the PAH concentrations in the total PM in the Upper Silesia urban area. As the air pollution was largely reduced at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, the concentrations of PM and the related PAHs also considerably decreased. In the late-1990s, the mean yearly concentration of the PAHs sum ranged between 260 and 590 ng/m3. The winter and summer values obtained after the year 2000 have not exceeded 160 ng/m3 and 10 ng/m3, respectively. When compared to other regions, the PAH concentrations in the air in Upper Silesia are still affected by industrial and, particularly, municipal emissions.

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Seasonal variability of PAHs and nitro-PAHs concentrations in total suspended particulate matter in ambient air of cities of Silesian voivodeship

Zaciera M., Kurek J., Dzwonek L., Feist B., Jędrzejczak A.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2012

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Vol. 38, nr 1

45-50

EN

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are present in ambient air with their nitro-derivatives and hundreds of other organic compounds. PAHs and nitro-PAHs originate from Diesel and gasoline exhaust emission, and other sources of fuels combustion. These compounds are responsible for mutagenic activation of ambient air. Concentrations of PAHs, nitro-PAHs and dinitro-PAHs in total suspended particulate matter in air of Katowice, Sosnowiec and Zawiercie as well seasonal variability of their concentrations have been investigated. The method of solvent extraction of particulate matter, fractional organic extraction as well HPLC and GC/MS analyses were applied. Nitro-PAHs concentrations in ambient air in Poland are poorly researched, compared to foreign literature.

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Dbajmy o czystość powietrza : nowe wyzwania

Zwoździak A., Szcząchor S., Sówka I., Zwoździak J.

Chemik

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2009

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Vol. 62, nr 10

352-354

PL

Oddziaływanie zdrowotne podstawowych zanieczyszczeń powietrza we Wrocławiu oceniono w oparciu o pięć wskaźników zanieczyszczenia powietrza, wyliczonych na podstawie serii czasowych, uzyskanych ze stacji monitoringu atmosfery w 2005 r. Jakość powietrza kształtowała się na poziomie dobrym lub średnim, za wyjątkiem stężeń pyłów PM10. Krótkookresowe zmiany w stężeniach PM10, dochodzące do 150 μg/m3, mogą prowadzić, zgodnie z wytycznymi WHO, do ostrego wzrostu umieralności ludności.

EN

The health effects of basic ambient pollutants were investigated using five different pollution indexes for time series from air monitoring stations in Wrocław. The air quality in the city was good or medium in 2005 for all pollutants studied except for PM10. Short-term changes in PM10, up to 150 μg/m3, may lead to enhanced acute mortality effects according to the WHO air quality guideline.

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Metrological features of a beta absorption particulate air monitor operating with wireless communication system

Jakowiuk A., Urbański P., Świstowski E., Machaj B., Pieńkos J., Kowalska E.

Nukleonika

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2008

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Vol. 53, suppl. 2

37--42

EN

A system for measurements of particulate matter in the ambient air, employing beta absorption instrument AMIZ-2007 with wireless communication facilities based on GPRS technology, is presented. Uncertainty of measurements caused by the counting statistics was analyzed and it was found that at least 3 h of sampling time is needed to achieve coefficient of variation lower than 20% for the average concentration of particulate matter in the ambient air exceeding 10 μg/m3. Application of a C-14 beta ray source instead of Pm-147 improves sensitivity of the measurement ca. two times. Some results of on-line operation of the system with PM10 and PM2.5 samplers are also shown.

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Oznaczanie wybranych węglowodorów w powietrzu atmosferycznym na terenie miasta Zabrze (Komunikat)

Michalski R., Węglarz A., Skrok R.

Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska

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2000

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Vol. 26, no. 2

137--151

PL

Opisano oznaczenie wybranych lotnych związków organicznych (takich jak benzen, toluen, etylo-benzen, ksyleny i fenol) oraz wielopierścieniowych węglowodorów aromatycznych, WWA) w po-wietrzu atmosferycznym na terenie miasta Zabrze w 1997 roku. Próbki były pobierane na sorbenty (węgiel aktywny dla BTEX-ów, Chromosorb 102 dla fenolu i filtry polipropylenowe dla WWA, odpowiednio selektywne dla szerokiego zakresu oznaczonych substancji. Próbki po ekstrakcji rozpuszczalnikowej analizowano metodą kapilarnej chromatografii gazowej z detektorem płomieniowo-jonizacyjnym lub detektorem spektrometrii masowej z pułapka jonowa. Stosując chromatograf gazowy wyposażony w detektor spektroskopii mas możliwe było zidentyfikowanie 35 związków organicznych w powietrzu atmosferycznym na terenie Zabrza. Układ GC-MS jest bardzo dobrym narzędziem w identyfikacji związków organicznych, chociaż detektor FID jest bardziej czuły dla oznaczeń ilościowych lotnych związków organicznych.

EN

This paper described a determination of volatile organic compounds (such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene and phenol) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (16 by US EPA method) in atmospheric air in Zabrze in 1997. Samples were collected on sorbents (graphitized carbon for BTEX, Chromosorb 102 for phenol and polypropylen filter for PAH) capable of selectivity trapping a wide range of substances. Samples were than analysed using an extraction by solvents followed by capillary gas chromatogra-phy with flame ionized detector or ion trap mass detector. The lower limit of detection was circa 0,01 ug/m(3) for most compounds. Using a gas chromatograph with ion trap mass detector it was possible to identify 35 organic compounds in urban air in Zabrze. GC-MS is powerful tool for iden-tification organic compounds, but GC with FID detector is most sensitive for quantitative determi-nation of volatile organic compounds.