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EN
The KOBO extrusion process is an unconventional method of extrusion based on the phenomenon of superplasticity as an effect of a special state caused by the oscillatory motion of the die at a certain angle a certain frequency. It significantly lowers the extrusion force and makes it possible to extrude lightweight metals and alloys (e.g. aluminum and magnesium alloys) in cold extrusion with high extrusion ratios compared to conventional hot extrusion. This work studies the influence of the tool (die) geometry on process realization parameters and the properties of the extrudate. Experimental studies of cold KOBO extrusion were performed using dies with different face portion geometry. The obtained extrudate obtained from EN-AW 7075 aluminum billets was examined for mechanical properties and macro/microstructure, showing that, with adequate modifications to the tool face part geometry, it is possible to lower the extrusion force and obtain extrudate with desired properties.
EN
This work addresses to joining aluminum alloy AA6061 to carbon steel AISI 1006 sheets using the friction spot joining technique. The steel sheets were pre-holed and threaded with an internal M6 thread. The joining process was carried out by extruding the aluminum through the steel hole and thread using a rotating tool with friction between the tool and aluminum. Three process parameters were used: pre-heating time, rotating speed and plunging depth of the tool, with four levels for each parameter. The results indicated that the two materials joined by a micro-scale mechanical interlock at an interface line of a width ranged between 0.7 to ~ 2.5 mm. The joint’s shear force reached a minimum and maximum value of 2000 and 2500 N, respectively. The plunging depth was the most effective factor affecting the amount of the extruded aluminum and the joint’s shear force.
EN
The aluminum profile extrusion process is briefly characterized in the paper, together with the presentation of historical, automatically recorded data. The initial selection of the important, widely understood, process parameters was made using statistical methods such as correlation analysis for continuous and categorical (discrete) variables and ‘inverse’ ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis methods. These selected process variables were used as inputs for MLP-type neural models with two main product defects as the numerical outputs with values 0 and 1. A multi-variant development program was applied for the neural networks and the best neural models were utilized for finding the characteristic influence of the process parameters on the product quality. The final result of the research is the basis of a recommendation system for the significant process parameters that uses a combination of information from previous cases and neural models.
PL
W publikacji przedstawiono wyniki badań SEM, analizy fazowej XRD i chropowatości powierzchni części kalibrującej matryc i bieżni rdzeni do wyciskania profili aluminiowych. Na przykładach matryc i rdzeni eksploatowanych w różnych warunkach zidentyfikowano procesy ich zużycia. Wyniki badań skłaniają do rekomendacji procesów azotowania bez wytworzenia warstwy faz ε i γ’ oraz bez wydzieleń fazy γ’ w strefie azotowania wewnętrznego do wytwarzania narzędzi do wyciskania aluminium.
EN
In this publication, the results of SEM observations, XRD phase analysis, and surface roughness are presented for the calibrators and core tracks of dies used to extrude aluminum profiles. Wear processes were identified using the examples of dies and cores exploited under various conditions. The results of studies support recommendation of nitriding processes without formation of ε and γ’ phases and without precipitation of the γ’ phase in the internal nitriding zone in the production of aluminum extrusion tools.
PL
W publikacji przedstawiono wyniki badań SEM, struktury i rozkładów twardości Vickersa HV 0,1 w matrycach otwartych i zamkniętych (rdzeniach matryc) wykonanych ze stali WCLV do wyciskania profili aluminiowych, których warstwę wierzchnią utwardzono w wyniku dwustopniowego azotowania gazowego metodą Zero Flow. Określono główne procesy powodujące zużycie badanych matryc. Matryce z wyżej wymienionymi warstwami azotowanymi mogą spełniać wymagania odnośnie trwałości eksploatacyjnej w przypadku średnich serii produkcyjnych profili aluminiowych bez konieczności przeprowadzania procesów regeneracyjnych matryc.
EN
In this publication are presented the results of SEM examinations of the structure and distribution of Vickers HV 0.1 hardness in open and closed dies (die cores) made from WCLV steel for extrusion of aluminum profiles, whose surface layer had been hardened as a result of a two-step gaseous nitriding with the Zero Flow method. The main processes causing wear of the studied dies were determined. Dies with the aforementioned nitrided layers can fulfill requirements for operational durability in the case of medium production runs of aluminum profiles, without needing to undergo regenerative processes.
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