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Studying the Sensitivity of Satellite Altimetry, Tide Gauge and GNSS Observations to Changes in Vertical Displacements

Pająk Katarzyna, Kowalczyk Kamil, Kaminskis Jānis, Idzikowska Magdalena

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

2021

Vol. 15, no. 4

45--58

Tide gauge observations provide sea level relative to the Earth’s crust, while satellite altimetry measures sea level variations relative to the centre of the Earth’s mass. Local vertical land motion can be a significant contribution to the measured sea level change. Satellite altimetry was traditionally used to study the open ocean, but this technology is now being used over inland seas too. The difference of both observations can be used to estimate vertical crustal movement velocities along the sea coast. In this paper, vertical crustal movement velocities were investigated at tide gauge sites along the Adriatic Sea coast by analyzing differences between Tide Gauge (TG) and Satellite Altimetry (SA) observations. Furthermore, the estimated vertical motion rates were compared with those from nearby GNSS measurements. The study determines the practical relationships between these vertical crustal movements and those determined from unrelated data acquired from the neighbouring GNSS stations. The results show general consistence with the present geodynamics in the Adriatic Sea coastal zone.

Zmiany poziomu morza : przyczyny, skale czasowe i historia ich poznania

Boski Tomasz, Wilamowski Andrzej

Przegląd Geologiczny

2020

Vol. 68, nr 11

820--823

Sea level changes provoked by multiple forcings that act in a wide range of time scales attracted human interest for several millennia. However, the bases of modern understanding of this phenomenon and its quantitative expression were achieved during the last two centuries. At present, owing to a series of altimetric observations made by 4 satellite missions in the last 30years, the mean sea level (MSL) rise calculated for the whole Earth is estimated to be 3-3.5 mm per year, with at least half of this value being attributable to human-induced climate warming. About 125,000 years ago, during the last interglacial (Eemian) that was warmer than the current period, the MSL was about 5 m higher than today. Approximately 116,000 years ago, the sea level began to decline as a result of gradual cooling of the climate that led to glaciation, which in the Northern Hemisphere had a climax at 20-30 ka BP. The transition from the last glacial maximum to the current warm period, covering the last 20,000years, includes the transfer of about 35 106 km3 of water from melting ice caps of the Northern Hemisphere to the oceanic reservoir, causing an increase in sea level of about 130 m. The average rate of MSL rise was about 10 mm per year, although over the last seven millennia, the MSL rising rate dropped to about 1-1.5 mm per year. These changes are considered representative of the natural variability of the Earth's climate system over the past 2 million years.