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Algae - Feedstock of the Future of the Future

Zabochnicka-Świątek M.

Archivum Combustionis

2010

Vol. 30 nr 3

225-236

Nowadays, the need to use of alternative feedstocks for bioenergetic purposes is urgent demand. Compared to other feedstocks, algae can provide a high-yield source of bioenergy without compromising food supplies, rainforests or arable land. Furthermore, algae present one of the technologies for the capture of carbon dioxide emitted by industrial sources like fossil fuelled power plants and fermentation processes, reducing CO2 emissions. Carbon dioxide and nitrogen dioxide are also released by automobiles, steel plants, cement plants, breweries and fertilizer plants. The key advantages of the capture of CO2 using algae are that high purity CO2 is not required for algae cultivation and combustion products, such as: NOx and SOx can be used as nutrients. Algae can assimilate carbon dioxide into organic material: carbohydrates, proteis and lipids that can be converted into valuable materials. Algae could be cultured near industrial facilities, such as power plants. One of the most important applications of algal biomass is that it can be used for production of different types of renewable biofuels of third generation, such as: biodiesel, bioethanol, biogas and biohydrogen. The algal biomass could also find application as: high-protein animal feed, food, agricultural protein-rich biofertilizer, biopolymers/bioplastics, biosorbents, medicines and cosmetics. The main aim of research study was to analyze the current situation concerning algae as a feedstock of the future. The special focus was on the feedstock demand of bioenergy. This paper also presents legislation in force in Poland and the EU. Benefits of using algal biomass for bioenergetic purposes are provided and discussed.