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The differences in postural stability between cross-country and Alpine skiers with intellectual disabilities

Gimunová Marta, Skotáková Alena, Grün Vojtěch, Jenčíková Kateřina, Daněk Leoš, Hlinský Tomáš, Svobodová Lenka, Kalichová Miriam, Válková Hana

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

2020

Vol. 22, no. 4

133--138

The purpose of this study was to analyse differences in postural stability between athletes with ID competing in Alpine and Cross country (XC) skiing to assess the effect of special sports training on postural stability in persons with ID. Methods: Athletes with ID were divided into four groups by their discipline: Alpine skiers (n = 9), XC skiers 2.5 to 10 km (n = 10), XC skiers 500 to 1000 m (n = 18) and XC skiers 50 and 100 m (n = 10). All participants were asked to stand barefooted on the Zebris FDM platform (Medical GmbH, Germany) with their eyes open and closed. To compare differences between groups one-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD test was used. To compare the difference between the eyes open and closed, t-test was used. Results: Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between Alpine and XC skiers in analysed variables. The analysis of COP velocity showed superior postural stability in XC skiers 2.5 to 10 km compared to XC skiers 500 and 1000 m. In XC skiers 500 and 1000 m, XC skiers 2.5 to 10 km and Alpine skiers a significant increase in COP velocity was observed when having the eyes closed. In XC skiers 50 and 100 m, no statistically significant differences between the eyes open and closed conditions were observed. Conclusions: Despite different sports training, no difference between Alpine and XC skiers in postural stability was observed. When comparing XC skiers, better postural stability was observed in skiers running longer distances, suggesting that this sports training enhances balance skills needed in everyday life.

Methods for acquiring data on terrain geomorphology, course geometry and kinematics of competitors’ runs in alpine skiing : a historical review

Erdmann W. S., Giovanis V., Aschenbrenner P., Kiriakis V., Suchanowski A.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

2017

Vol. 19, no. 1

69--79

Purpose: This paper aims at the description and comparison of methods of topographic analysis of racing courses at all disciplines of alpine skiing sports for the purposes of obtaining: terrain geomorphology (snowless and with snow), course geometry, and competitors’ runs. Methods: The review presents specific methods and instruments according to the order of their historical appearance as follows: (1) azimuth method with the use of a compass, tape and goniometer instruments; (2) optical method with geodetic theodolite, laser and photocells; (3) triangulation method with the aid of a tape and goniometer; (4) image method with the use of video cameras; (5) differential global positioning system and carrier phase global positioning system methods. Results: Described methods were used at homologation procedure, at training sessions, during competitions of local level and during International Ski Federation World Championships or World Cups. Some methods were used together. Conclusions: In order to provide detailed data on course setting and skiers’ running it is recommended to analyse course geometry and kinematics data of competitors’ running for all important competitions.