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Analogue GPR study of the Permian fanglomerates from Zygmuntówka Quarry near Chęciny, Holy Cross Mountains, southern Poland, for construction of a training image for multiple point simulations

Żuk T., Małolepszy Z., Szynkaruk E.

Geological Quarterly

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2018

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Vol. 62, No. 4

755--766

EN

The distribution of Permian alluvial fan lithofacies in a quarry at Zygmuntówka near Chęciny, Holy Cross Mts., in southern Poland was investigated using ground penetrating radar (GPR) in order to create a training image for multiple point statistics (MPS) reconstructions of alluvial fan sedimentary facies. Five pseudo-3D GPR datasets were collected, processed and uploaded for interpretation into SKUA-GOCAD 3D geological modelling software. Three radar facies were distinguished based on the 3D geometrical pattern of radar reflections and linked to lithofacies described from the quarry by Zbroja et al. (1998). A statistical summary showed that ~50% of the lithofacies resulted from gravity flows (mostly non-cohesive), while the remaining proportion was deposited by unconfined and confined flash floods. Fluvial sedimentary facies left by waning of catastrophic floods or reworking during fair weather, alihough not prevalent, could not be distinguished from confined flood deposits based only on GPR data. The GPR datasets together with information from field observations were used to carry out MPS simulations and estimate the most probable 3D model of lithofacies at the quarry scale. This model will in turn serve as a training image for MPS reconstructions of alluvial-fan facies of Rotliegend conglomerates in the multi-scale geological model of the Gorzów Block (western Poland).

2

Review of Miocene shallow marine and lacustrine depositional environments in Northern Croatia

Malvić T.

Geological Quarterly

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2012

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Vol. 56, No 3

493--504

EN

The Neogene and Quaternary depositional and structural characteristics of the southwestern Croatian Pannonian Basin System (CPBS) are unique within the Pannonian Basin System. Due to its position at the basin margin, the area was covered by shallow and partially isolated parts of the Pannonian Sea in the Badenian (Middle Miocene). Later, in the Pannonian and Pontian ages, the area contained several brackish lakes, the largest being Sava Lake and Drava Lake. Tectonic events, sedimentation and depositional mechanisms occurring during the Neogene in the CPBS have revealed that those areas can be considered as former shallow seas or lakes dominated by clastic sedimentation. Marine coarse-grained clastic sedimentation took place during the Badenian, with local sources of material and numerous alluvial fans developed during the first transtensional phase. In the Pannonian and Pontian (Late Miocene), sediments were deposited by turbidity currents from a single, distal material source located in the Eastern Alps during the second transtensional tectonic phase.

3

Phases of gully erosion recorded in alluvial fans (Lublin Upland, E Poland)

Superson J., Klimowicz Z., Reder J., Rodzik J., Zgłobicki W.

Landform Analysis

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2011

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Vol. 17

205-208

EN

The study was focused on the alluvial fans formed in the bottom of the Bystra river valley. A detailed analysis of four fans allowed to distinguish several phases of gully erosion related to human activity. The gullies started to develop in the Neolithis times, the subsequent phases of gully erosion could be dated to: Bronze Age, Middle Ages. In modern times, most of the sediments have been retained within the extensive gully systems.

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An application of Markov chain analysis to studies on lithofacies sequences in the alluvial fans from the "Bełchatów" lignite deposit (Poland

Mastej W.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2002

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Vol. 72, No 3

271-282

EN

The Markov chain analysis was used to study on lithofacies sequences in alluvial fans enclosed in the main seam of the "Bełchatów" lignite deposit. Quantitative approach supported the qualitative results of sedimentological analysis - the origin of muds, clays and coaly clays as well as the presence of a barrier (peat bog) between the fans and the lake with carbonate deposition. It was found that ephemeral lakes located on the fan surface were favourable sites for development of peat bogs. Similarly, the same lakes evolving into the peat bogs were favourable environments for expansion of sand lobes of the fans. It was discovered that cyclicity in sediment succession was disturbed by erosion. The new model of lacustrine limestone deposition was proposed for the northwestern part of lake which borders the fans from the northwest.

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Tunnel valleys and alluvial fans in the western Sudetic Foreland (southwestern Poland): the lithostratigraphy of Quaternary deposit

Urbański K.

Geologia Sudetica

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1999

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Vol. 32, nr 2

147-161

EN

The western Sudetic Foreland between the Nysa Łużycka and Bóbr rivers consist of deposits of two glaciations, the Elsterian and Saalian, and the extensive fluvial sediments. The Elsterian glacial deposits (the lower glacial complex) are only preserved in deep troughs. These structures, which were formerly interpreted as buried valleys, are actually of glacial origin and represent tunnel valleys. The glacial sediments of the Odranian glaciation (the upper glacial complex) are very thin and are only represented by a single till bed which occurs throughout the area, although only in patches. In the study area there are extensive series of fluvial deposits (the lower fluvial complex) between the Elsterian and Odranian tills, which are correlated with the Holstenian to early Saalian fluvial horizon in Germany (the Middle Terrace). The Wartanian sediments are represented by another fluvial series (the middle fluvial complex) which is composed of local alluvial fans deposited by Sudetic rivers, the Wrocław–Magdeburg Pradolina valley and the outwash plains formed at the front of the Wartanian ice sheet. The youngest sediments are represented by one Weichselian and two Holocene fluvial terraces (the Bóbr, Kwisa and Nysa Łużycka Terraces)

6

The role of neotectonics in the Quaternary evolution of the landscape of the Sowie Mts, Sudetes, southwestern Poland

Krzyszkowski D., Olejnik W.

Geologia Sudetica

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1998

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Vol. 31, nr 2

221-239

EN

The Sowie Mts range comprises distinct morphological features that may be related to active tectonics. These are large-scale scarps up to100-200 m high, with triangular facets, at the Sudetic Marginal Fault, which separates the mountain range from its foreland; stepped morphology in the mountain interior with 100-300 m high scarps between flat surfaces; and straight, asymmetric valleys. The last two features are related to differently oriented faults. Meso-scale tectonically induced morphological features are represented by localised steepening of longitudinal valley profiles at fault lines (breaks, knickpoints), distinct downstream divergence of terraces, offset terraces, and the formation of fault scarps, basal scarplets beyond the valleys, frequent occurrence of alluvial fans and their onlap, and stream deflections at the Sudetic Marginal Fault. Apart from incipient Neogene offset, two phases of subsequent Quaternary tectonic uplift are possible. Total neotectonic uplift of the Sowie Mts range is about 100-300 m and, most probably, major tectonic activity took place during the Early Pleistocene. Late Pleistocene uplift was much less (10-40 m), although it is much better documented. The late Pleistocene tectonic activity was related to post-early Saalian glacio-isostatic rebound. Generally, the central part of the Sowie Mts was uplifted at least twice as much as the northern and southern area during each tectonic event. As a result, all geomorphic surfaces, including the flat surfaces, are deflected, and the height of the large-scale scarps, valley fault scarps, basal scarplets and knickpoints in the valley longitudinal profiles changes regionally.

7

Geomorphic evolution of the mountain front of the Sudetes between Dobromierz and Paszowice and adjacent areas, with particular reference to the fluvial systems

Migoń P., Krzyszkowski D., Gogół K.

Geologia Sudetica

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1998

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Vol. 31, nr 2

289-305

EN

The morphology of the marginal part of the Sudetes between Dobromierz and Paszowice reflects above all lithological and structural differences within bedrock. Major landforms include watershed surfaces of low relief, monadnocks and intramontane basins. Drainage pattern changes were associated with the decay of the early Saalian (Odranian) ice-sheet, whilst stages of further development of fluvial systems are well documented by multiple terrace levels. The mountain front of the Sudetes, genetically related to the Sudetic Marginal Fault, is only up to 100 m high and overall strongly degraded. In contrast to southern sectors of the Sudetic mountain front, active Quaternary tectonics played minor part in the landscape development.