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Non-reductive acidic leaching as a method for recovery of zinc and manganese from Zn-C and Zn-MnO2 battery waste

Sobianowska-Turek Agnieszka, Banaszkiewicz Kamil, Pasiecznik Iwona, Marcinkowski Tadeusz, Urbańska Weronika

Environment Protection Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 47, nr 2

17--29

EN

The dynamic growth of mobile technologies is a driving need for portable power sources. The most popular division of electrochemical cells relies on the type of chemical reaction within the cell. Current data coming from the Polish market show that despite the growth in the sale of secondary power sources, zinc-carbon and alkaline batteries are still the most popular. The results of non-reductive acidic leaching of zinc and manganese from the waste batteries stream have been presented. Manganese was leached with almost 100% yield in an experiment with a solid to liquid ratio equal to 4/1, pH of 1.04, and H2SO4 concentration of 72.5 wt. %. High yields were also obtained for zinc recovery from the waste stream (100% for two series with solid to liquid ratio 4/5, pH of 0.80; H2SO4concentration of 37.2 wt. %, and solid to liquid ratio 1/2; pH of 1.01; H2SO4 concentration of 27.3 wt. %). Besides, the quantitative and qualitative analysis of Zn-C and Zn-Mn batteries introduced to the Polish market and waste generated in the years 2010-2018 has been presented.

2

Dissolution of alkaline batteries in reductive acidic media

Zeytuncu B.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2016

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Vol. 52, iss. 1

437--450

EN

In this paper, recovery of manganese and zinc from alkaline battery paste by leaching under atmospheric condition using elemental sulfur as a reductive agent and sulfuric acid was investigated. Different dissolution parameters, acid concentrations, liquid-to-solid ratios, reaction temperatures, leaching times and amounts of elemental sulfur were studied in detail. According to results, the Mn dissolution in reductive acidic media was an intermediate-controlled process with activation energy of 10.21±2.60 kJ/mol. After the leaching step, Mn and Zn were selectively precipitated from the leaching solution using sodium hydroxide. After solid/liquid separation, manganese(II,III) oxide (Mn3O4) was obtained by drying at 105 °C in air. Next, Mn3O4 was converted to manganese(IV) oxide (MnO2) by heating at 800 °C in air. After that the solution containing Zn(OH)42- was treated with sulfuric acid to form zinc hydroxide, separated and next converted to zinc oxide by heating at 600 °C in air. The final products were characterized by XRD. The results showed that the proposed process can be effectively used for recovery of Mn and Zn from alkaline batteries.

3

Optymalizacja recyklingu ogniw cynkowo-manganowych

Rogulski Z., Czerwiński A.

Recykling

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2010

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nr 11

50-51

4

Modification of paste-type nickel cathodes for application in alkaline cells

Młynarek G., Ważny A., Turowski T., Skowroński J.M., Czerwiński A.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2004

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Vol. 6, nr 2

35-38

EN

The studies were focused on paste-type nickel cathodes produced with foam nickel as a carrier. The influence of the following additives on the electrochemical behavior of the paste-type cathodes was analyzed: cobalt powder, cobalt oxide, barium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide.

5

Comparative study of electrochemical behaviour of nickel carriers for nickel hydroxide positive electrodes in alkaline batteries

Młynarek G., Wójcik G., Kopczyk M., Dmochowska M., Grdeń M., Żelazowska-Zakrent M., Czerwiński A., Skowroński J. M.

Polish Journal of Applied Chemistry

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2000

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Vol. 44, nr 1

7-17

EN

The electrochemical performance of nickel foam, sintered nickel and nickel deposited on Reticulated Vitreous Carbon (RVCŽ) in KOH solutions has been investigated. The results indicate that the foam nickel is a very good carrier for redox couple Ni(OH)2/NiOOH which is used in alkaline rechargeable batteries as an electrode material. Also RVC covered with nickel is a good matrix for nickel hydroxide and it can be used as a positive electrode in secondary alkaline batteries. Foam nickel saturated with Ni(OH)2 has the best weight capacities in comparison to sintered nickel and nickel deposited on RVC. Sintered nickel saturated with Ni(OH)2 has the best volume capacity. However, Ni/RVC-NiOOH electrode has much better weight specific energy than that typical for sintered nickel saturated with NiOOH. The influence of additives (derivatives of cellulose) on sizes of pores and their distribution in sintered nickel and power capacity of positive electrode has been also studied.