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Fern Azolla filiculoides at New Sites in Oder River (Poland) — Invader or Ephemeral?

Myśliwy M., Szlauer-Łukaszewska A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 4

405--414

EN

Azolla filiculoides Lam. is the second most widely distributed alien aquatic plant in Europe. A native of America, it has become — on account of human mediation — a cosmopolitan species. In Poland, it has been known so far from a few stands in ponds and old river beds. In 2016, it was recorded at six new sites in-between the groynes at the main Oder river bed between Maszewko near Krosno Odrzańskie (52°3′10.69″N, 14°57′13.56″E) and Owczary (52°28′53.59″N, 14°37′30.43″E). The assemblages containing the fern were identified as representing the association Ceratophyllo-Azolletum filiculoidis Nedelcu 1967. Azolla has also entered the phytocoenoses of other floating plant communities. Mean values of several chemical parameters of the water like conductivity, salinity, total dissolved solids and nitrate content at the fern stations were significantly higher than the mean values found in the Azolla-devoid sites while the values for hardness (Ca), pH and visibility (Secchi Disc depth) were lower at Azolla sites. In 2017, this alien fern was found to had successfully overwintered in the main bed of Oder river, and its further spread down the river was observed. The appearance of Azolla filiculoides in the Oder may be associated with an exceptionally warm winter; its emergence may also accelerate the species' invasion in Poland.

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Habitat preferences of some neophytes with a reference to habitat disturbances

Myśliwy M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2014

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Vol. 62, nr 3

509--526

EN

The spread of species far from their native range is an important component of global changes. Investigating the ability of alien plants to invade different habitats is one of the most important approaches in the analysis of biological invasion mechanisms. The study was based on floristic research carried out in 1998–2002 in the north-western part of Poland. The habitats sampled were classified according to the EUNIS classification. A dataset of 2638 naturalized neophyte records was compiled based on a total of 2132 floristic lists. Species entries were supplemented with data on taxonomic position (family), origin, frequency, life form and number of habitats a particular species colonises. Ordination analyses showed the level of disturbance in individual habitats to be important in species-habitats relationships. Some of the species (e.g. Chamomilla suaveolens, Galinsoga parviflora, Veronica persica) occurred mainly in man-made, heavily disturbed habitats, while others (e.g. Impatiens parviflora, Padus serotina, Quercus rubra) were present primarily in natural habitats, less affected by humans. The species with the broadest habitat ranges identified included, i.a. Conyza canadensis, Impatiens parviflora, Epilobium ciliatum, and Oxalis fontana. Most of them, however, had different “core” habitats. Some species, e.g. Juncus tenuis, Elodea canadensis, Veronica persica were associated with one or a few habitats. The ability of species to invade numerous habitat types did not depend on their invasive status. The most successful aliens are those which spread dynamically along forest paths as well as those penetrating forest communities. The phytocoenotic role of each naturalized neophyte in plant communities requires a detailed study.Each individual habitat supports well-established alien species whose traits fit its characteristics and the disturbance intensity. Analysis of alien species traits, local distribution, habitat preferences and range makes it possible to reliably assess potentially successful invaders.

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Hałda huty im. T. Sendzimira w Krakowie- miejscem występowania interesujących obcych gatunków roślin

Guzik J.

Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska

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2003

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Vol. 29, no. 2

13--19

PL

Efektem długoletniej działalności zbudowanego w Krakowie w latach pięćdziesiątych ubiegłego wieku dużego kombinatu metalurgicznego - Huty im. W. I. Lenina (obecnie im. T. Sendzimira S.A.) są olbrzymie ilości odpadów poprodukcyjnych. Składają się na nie odpady hutnicze i odlewnicze, popioły i żużle energetyczne, gruz materiałów ogniotrwałych, gruz poremontowy itp. Są one odprowadzane, głównie transportem kolejowym, na Centralne Składowisko HTS (hałda) w Pleszowie (156 ha) oraz rurociągami na Stawy Osadowe HTS (osadniki) w Pleszowie-Kujawach (113 ha). Na wschodnim krańcu hałdy składowane są także odpady bytowe z kombinatu oraz wszelkiego rodzaju śmieci. Od 1982 roku składowiska odpadów kombinatu byty obiektem badań florystycznych autora i do 1998 roku odwiedzane wielokrotnie. Szczególnie interesujące okazało się występowanie kilku rzadkich gatunków, które znalazły tu dogodne warunki siedliskowe, rosną obficie i utrzymują się nieprzerwanie od co najmniej kilkunastu lat. Są to: Brachyactis ciliata Ledeb., dotychczas z Polski nie podawany, Gypsophila perfoliata L. znany tylko z 2 stanowisk oraz Corispermum leptopterum (Asch.) Iljin, Hordeum jubatum L., Kochia .scoparia (L.) Schrader i Salsola kali L. subsp. ruthenica (Iljin) Soó. Podano ich krótkie opisy, rozmieszczenie pierwotne i wtórne, zajmowane siedliska oraz występowanie w Polsce i na badanych składowiskach.

EN

Floristical studies on dumps of metallurgical complex (T. Sendzimir steelwork in Cracow) were carried out in the years 1982-1998. Several rare alien plant species: Brochyacti.s ciliata Ledeb. - not recorded earlier in Poland, Gypsophila perfoliata L. - recorded in 2 localities only, Corispermum leptopterum (Asch.) Iljin, Hordeum jubatum L., Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrader, and Salsola kali L. subsp. ruthenica (Iljin) Soó were found. They have been growing numerously and permanently on dumps for several years. Original and secondary geographical distribution, habitats in Poland and on dumps of metallurgical complex have been presented.