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Invasive Species and Maintaining Biodiversity in the Natural Areas – Rural and Urban – Subject to Strong Anthropogenic Pressure

Fortuna-Antoszkiewicz B., Łukaszkiewicz J., Rosłon-Szeryńska E., Wysocki C., Wiśniewski P.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2018

Vol. 19, nr 6

14--23

Expansion of invasive species can be clearly seen all over Poland. Foreign tree and herbaceous plant species are effectively taking over more and more habitats competing with native vegetation. This phenomenon is strongly pronounced in the areas subject to strong anthropogenic pressure. The presence of invasive plants replacing the native vegetation is a threat for biodiversity and ecological balance. The research carried out by the authors between 2011 and 2017 on selected sites (comparatively: urban and open spaces, including a 600 ha park and a 10 km long forest strip along a river) confirms the pressure exerted by invasive species irrespective of the natural conditions of a particular site or its type – in each case it is most prominent in areas where vegetation is not properly maintained or where it is not maintained at all. The research was based on the dendrological inventories and phytosociological assessments. The inventories were used for a detailed assessment of both the condition and structure of treestands, including accounting for invasive species. Phytosociological assessment can, among others, form a basis for forecasting ecological stability of individual plant communities. Uncontrolled expansion of invasive species, especially in the areas of strong anthropogenic pressure, may cause unfavourable natural succession and in consequence – destabilisation of ecological system in a given area.

Invasive Solidago Species: How Large Area Do They Occupy and What Would be the Cost of Their Removal?

Szymura M., Szymura T. H., Wolski K.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2016

Vol. 64, nr 1

25--34

The impact of biological invasions should be considered from ecological and economic perspective. To understand the influence of the invader, both its range and abundance should be known. Even if the range of invaders is well-known, the problem of assessing their abundance still occurs very often. In this study we report the results of an assessment of the area covered by stands of alien Solidago species in Silesia (Central Europe, south-western Poland, area ca. 30 000 km2), and estimated costs of the invaded areas recultivation. The results of field survey show that the stands of invasive Solidago species cover an area of about 130 000 hectares in S-W Poland, which is ca. 4.5% of the total area of the studied region. It was also found that the cadastral data and Corine land cover maps underestimate the area of fallowed agricultural lands. The cost of removing stands of invasive Solidago species in S-W Poland ranges from 123.24 to 266.17 million PLN, depending on the method. The method that balances reasonable costs, low environmental impact and efficiency of grassland establishment costs 180.7 million PLN for S-W Poland.