Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Industry 4.0: selected aspects of algorithmization of work environment

Osika Grażyna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 155

431--450

EN

Purpose: The aim of the article is to describe and forecast possible difficulties related to the development of cognitive technologies and the progressing of algorithmization of HRM processes as a part of Industry 4.0. Design/methodology/approach: While most of the studies to date related to the phenomenon of Industry 4.0 and Big Data are concerned with the level of efficiency of cyber-physical systems and the improvement of algorithmic tools, this study proposes a different perspective. It is an attempt to foresee the possible difficulties connected with algorithmization HRM processes, which understanding could help to "prepare" or even eliminate the harmful effects we may face which will affect decisions made in the field of the managing organizations, especially regarding human resources management, in era of Industry 4.0. Findings: The research of cognitive technologies in the broadest sense is primarily associated with a focus of thinking on their effectiveness, which can result in a one-sided view and ultimately a lack of objective assessment of that effectiveness. Therefore, conducting a parallel critical reflection seems even necessary. This reflection has the potential to lead to a more balanced assessment of what is undoubtedly "for", but also of what may be "against". The proposed point of view may contribute to a more informed use of algorithm-based cognitive technologies in the human resource management process, and thus to improve their real-world effectiveness. Social implications: The article can have an educational function, helps to develop critical thinking about cognitive technologies, and directs attention to areas of knowledge by which future skills should be extended. Originality/value: This article is addressed to all those who use algorithms and data-driven decision-making processes in HRM. Crucial in these considerations is the to draw attention to the dangers of unreflective use of technical solutions supporting HRM processes. The novelty of the proposed approach is the identification of three potential risk areas that may result in faulty HR decisions. These include the risk of "technological proof of equity", overconfidence in the objective character of algorithms and the existence of a real danger resulting from the so-called algorithm overfitting. Recognition of these difficulties ultimately contributed to real improvements in productivity by combining human performance with technology effectiveness.

2

Dilemmas of social life algorithmization - technological proof of equity

Osika Grażyna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2021

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z. 151

525--538

EN

Purpose: The aim of the article is to describe and forecast possible dilemmas related to the development of cognitive technologies and the progressing process of algorithmization of social life. Design/methodology/approach: Most of the current studies related to the Big Data phenomenon concern the level of efficiency improvement the algorithmic tools or protection against autonomization of machines, in this analysis a different perspective is proposed, namely - thoughtless way of using data-driven instruments, termed technological proof of equity. This study is to try to anticipate possible difficulties connected with algorithmization, which understanding could help to "prepare" or even eliminate the harmful effects we may face which will affect decisions made in the field of the social organization and managing organizations or cities etc. Findings: The proposed point of view may contribute to a more informed use of cognitive technologies, machine learning, artificial intelligence and an understanding of their impact on social life, especially unintended consequences. Social implications: The article can have an educational function, helps to develop critical thinking about cognitive technologies and directs attention to areas of knowledge by which future skills should be extended. Originality/value: The article is addressed to data scientist and all those who use algorithms and data-driven decision-making processes in their actions. Crucial in this considerations is the introduction the concept of technological proof of equity, which helps to "call" the real threat of the appearance of technologically grounded heuristic thinking and it’s social consequences.

3

Management decision-making algorithm development for planning activities that reduce the production risk level

Kruzhilko O., Maystrenko V.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 93, nr 1-2

41--49

EN

Purpose: Algorithm development for a measures phased expert assessment to reduce production risk at an industrial enterprise to adapt the expert method to the conditions for specific problem solving. Design/methodology/approach: To develop an algorithm for making management decisions, a step-by-step solution process was used. If the problem is solved under conditions of complete or partial uncertainty, an expert method of estimation was applied. In the mathematical model of management decision-making used criterion approach. At the same time, the methods of Sevij, Wald, and Hurwitz are considered to determine the criterion for choosing management decisions. Findings: A phased expert assessment of measures that reduce production risk at an industrial enterprise with the introduction of weighting factors in specified criteria is proposed. The expediency of applying the method of expert assessments and the Hurwitz criterion when planning measures to reduce industrial injuries is justified, since this approach links the preventive measures in the field of labour protection with the results of risk assessment and reduces subjectivity in making management decisions. Research limitations/implications: The proposed algorithm for expert assessment of measures to reduce production risk is universal for industrial enterprises. Practical implications: An algorithm has been developed to substantiate managerial decisions to reduce the production risks of the occurrence of traumatic events when planning preventive measures, which involves applying criteria for selecting measures based on the method of expert assessments and applying the Gurwitz criterion. Originality/value: Developed a consistent model of industrial risk management, which is based on a component method of assessing the risk of traumatic events and a mathematical model of management decisions. This model differs from the existing ones, taking into account all available risk-relevant information of the enterprise, stimulates preventive activity, and allows establishing the dependence of the level of industrial risk on the validity of measures on occupational safety and reducing the influence of the subjective component of expert judgments.

4

A method for rapid evaluation of k-out-of-n systems reliability

Młynarski Stanisław, Pilch Robert, Smolnik Maksymilian, Szybka Jan, Wiązania Grzegorz

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność

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2019

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Vol. 21, no. 1

170--176

EN

IEC 61508 standard could be used in the evaluation of safety of the k-out-of-n technical systems, including elements which may remain in one out of four different reliability states. Such a model leads to the huge complexity of analytical calculations and the limitations of its practical application possibilities. Therefore, a computerised method using Markov processes for estimating the reliability of k-out-of-n systems was developed. The algorithmization of the applied computational procedure was performed. It allowed one to analyse systems including a huge number of elements. An algorithm that may be applied for complex k-out-of-n systems was developed and used for exemplary calculations. The developed method was verified by comparing the obtained results with the ones obtained from analytical method as well as simulation method. The compatibility of results obtained in the two methods confirms the correctness of the developed procedure and proposed computer program which now offers the possibility of doing calculations for k-outof-n structures with more than three elements required for the system’s proper functioning and significantly accelerates calculations. Reliability and safety are priorities in the operation of technical systems. This decides of the applicability of the calculation methods described. The operational safety aspects are of particular significance in cases when the occurrence of a failure is a hazard to people’s health and life, ecological risk or considerable financial loss.

PL

Norma IEC 61508 może być stosowana do oceny poziomu bezpieczeństwa układów technicznych typu k z n, w których elementy mogą pozostawać w jednym z czterech różnych stanów. Przyjęcie takiego modelu prowadzi do ogromnej złożoności obliczeń analitycznych i ograniczeń w praktycznych możliwościach ich zastosowania. W związku z tym, do oceny niezawodności tego typu układów opracowano komputerową metodę wykorzystującą procesy Markowa. Następnie przeprowadzono algorytmizację opracowanej procedury obliczeniowej, co pozwoliło na analizę systemów obejmujących dużą liczbę elementów. Na podstawie opracowanego algorytmu przeprowadzono przykładowe obliczenia. Opracowaną metodę zweryfikowano porównując otrzymane wyniki z wynikami uzyskanymi metodą analityczną oraz metodą symulacyjną. Zgodność wyników uzyskanych w tych dwóch metodach potwierdza prawidłowość opracowanej procedury i proponowanego programu komputerowego, który oferuje obecnie możliwość wykonywania obliczeń dla struktur typu k z n z więcej niż trzema elementami wymaganymi do prawidłowego funkcjonowania całego systemu i znacząco przyspiesza obliczenia. Niezawodność i bezpieczeństwo są priorytetami w eksploatacji systemów technicznych i mają szczególne znaczenie w przypadkach, gdy wystąpienie awarii stanowi zagrożenie dla zdrowia i życia ludzi, powoduje ryzyko ekologiczne lub znaczne straty finansowe.

5

Improvement of the workplace environmental physical factors values monitoring by determining the optimal interval for their control

Kruzhilko O., Polukarov O., Kalinchyk V., Tkalych I.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 99, nr 1/2

42--49

EN

Purpose: Determination of such an interval of workplace environmental physical factors control, which would ensure high monitoring reliability and the minimum data collection and processing duration (or cost). Design/methodology/approach: To achieve the goal were applied: analysis and synthesis of known scientific results on the topic of research, statistical analysis, mathematical modelling. Statistical data for determining the interval of control was recorded at regular intervals. Findings: A methodology has been developed for determining the interval of workplace environmental physical factors values control. It is based on the identification of patterns of change in the physical factors values. The algorithm of workplace environmental physical factors values control is proposed, which helps to identify cases when the actual values of the factors exceed the limit values. The practical application of theoretical propositions showed that the correlation coefficient between the factual sample and the sample formed using the determined control interval is within 0.74…0.88, which satisfies the condition R > 0.5 as intended. Research limitations/implications: The mechanism for workplace environmental physical factors values monitoring was further developed on the basis of forecasting changes in the physical factors values and determining the duration of the excess of the factors values over the limit. In this study on stationary and conditional stationary processes was the focus. Practical implications: The use of the algorithm that is based on the methodology for determining the interval of workplace environmental physical factors values control contributes to more effective monitoring of working safety. Originality/value: For the first time justified by the choice of the control interval of workplace environmental physical factors values with acceptable accuracy of the forecast that allow to quickly establish working conditions hazard class.

6

Komputery i odkrycie naukowe

Wiśniewski W.

Bezpieczeństwo i Technika Pożarnicza

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2013

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Nr 3

25--31

PL

Zwolennicy tradycyjnej filozofii nauki opowiadali się za wprowadzeniem rozróżnienia na kontekst odkrycia i kontekst uzasadniania, czyniąc ten ostatni jedynym właściwym przedmiotem filozoficznej refleksji. Wielu badaczy nie zgadzało się z tym rozstrzygnięciem. Niektórzy z nich podjęli wysiłki opracowania normatywnej teorii odkrycia naukowego. Dzięki zastosowaniu zaawansowanych maszyn liczących starano się stworzyć program komputerowy generujący odkrycia naukowe. Doprowadziło to do powstania odrębnej dziedziny nauki – teorii odkryć maszynowych – czerpiącej z dorobku psychologii rozwiązywania problemów i badań nad sztuczną inteligencją. Celem pracy jest dowiedzenie, że żadna z prób oparcia odkrycia naukowego o procedury stosowane przez komputery jest nierealizowalna z przyczyn logicznych. W poniższej pracy przedstawiono historyczny proces, który doprowadził do wyodrębnienia się kontekstów odkrycia i uzasadnienia oraz wskazano badaczy i nurty, które sprzeciwiły się podziałowi na kontekst odkrycia i kontekst uzasadnienia. Następnie nakreślona została teoria odkryć maszynowych, której autorzy podjęli się próby skonstruowania programu komputerowego generującego odkrycia naukowe. Artykuł wieńczy przybliżenie racji logicznych, które czyniły ich starania niemożliwymi do zrealizowania. W toku badań wykazano, że istnieją przekonujące racje logiczne, by uznać, że algorytmizacja odkrycia naukowego nie jest programem badawczym, którego cele mogły być osiągnięte. Przybliżono szereg racji odwołujących się do natury poznania komputerowego, które czynią nadzieje badaczy na sukces programu płonnymi. Poznanie komputerowe ma charakter dedukcyjny, jest treściowo puste, ponieważ nie może dostarczyć żadnej nowej wiedzy. Chociaż wykorzystanie komputerów w pracy badawczej wydaje się decyzją słuszną, albowiem poprzez możliwości analizy ogromnej liczby danych otwierają przed naukowcami zupełnie nowe możliwości, maszyny liczące nie zastąpią naukowców całkowicie. Niezależnie od postępu technologicznego natura poznania komputerowego sprawia, że odkrycie naukowe będzie wymagało ludzkiej interwencji, a wszelkie próby redukcji odkrycia do czynności właściwych komputerom są skazane na niepowodzenie.

EN

Adherents of traditional philosophy of science supported the distinction between context of discovery and context of justification, making the latter the only actual subject of philosophical inquiry. Many scientists did not follow this conclusion. Some of them tried to construct normative theory of scientific discovery. Due to application of advanced computing machines, they endeavoured constructing a computer programme as it would be able to generate scientific discoveries. It led to the emergence of separate scientific discipline – a theory of machine discovery that was based on the work of psychology of problem solving as well as artificial intelligence. The goal of the paper is to present argumentation in favour of the view that none of the attempts of reducing scientific inquiry to computation can succeed due to logical purposes. The paper shows the historical process that led to the distinction of context of discovery and context of justification as well as indicates the scientists and trends that objected such a distinction. Subsequently, the paper presents the theory of machine discovery, which authors tried to construct a computer program that would generate scientific discoveries. Last part of the material is dedicated to logical arguments that make such attempts unable to succeed. The inquiry showed that there are logical arguments to state that the algorythmization of scientific discovery is not possible. The paper delivers argumentation, derived from the nature of machine cognition that makes such attempts impossible to succeed. Machine cognition is deductive, without reference to any subject, has no content and can be reduced to the data given to the input of the system. While using the computers in scientific inquiry seems to be a reasonable decision, because of the possibility of analysing great sets of data what opens new possibilities to scientists, the computers will never be a substitute for human beings. Regardless of the technical development, the nature of machine cognition makes scientific discovery dependent on human intervention. All attempts of reducing discovery to computing procedure cannot, necessarily, succeed.

7

Algorytmizacja procesu przygotowania wytwarzania zorientowana na tworzenie typoszeregów technologii

Rząsiński R.

Mechanik

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2010

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R. 83, nr 1/S

186-193

PL

Przekształcanie cech konstrukcyjnych w cechy technologiczne wymaga wielu powtarzających się rutynowych etapów i czynności, dlatego proces ten - w obrębie określonego typoszeregu - jest podatny na algorytmizację. W artykule podstawowymi narzędziami tworzenia typoszeregów technologii są: - agregacja wiedzy z zakresu konstrukcji i technologii, - zastosowanie metod: teorii podobieństwa technologicznego, algorytmicznej, CAM, - tworzenie baz danych składników dokumentacji technologicznej.

EN

The result of this paper is verification of established model of relation between constructional features (Ck) and technological features (Ct), what was verified on the example of hydraulic servo-motors manufacturing technology. Working on defined reports between construction and technology the row of applications and computational programmes were elaborated. Visual BASIC programming language as well as AutoLISP used in AutoCAD programme were applied in preparing computational programmes. Access and I-DEAS programmes were applied to create the databases of tolls and instrumentations.The basic tool of the series of types of technologies creating (Ten) on the basis of series of types of constructions is creation standard technological structure [3, 5] theory of technological similarity and algorithmic method.

8

Algorytmizacja doboru ilościowych cech konstrukcyjnych i ich zapis w typoszeregach konstrukcji

Gendarz P.

Mechanik

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2010

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R. 83, nr 1/S

35-42

PL

Podstawą wspomagania komputerowego tworzenia typoszeregów konstrukcji maszyn jest integracja doboru cech konstrukcyjnych z zapisem konstrukcji. Takie możliwości dają prawie wszystkie programy graficzne klasy CAD. W celu wspomagania komputerowego doboru wymiarów konstrukcji zastosowano metodę algorytmiczną z operatorami. Na podstawie zestawionych operatorów w grafie relacji sprzężeń tworzone są programy obliczeniowe doboru ilościowych cech konstrukcyjnych. Natomiast podstawą zapisu konstrukcji jest parametryzacja. Najlepsze wyniki integracji doboru cech konstrukcyjnych z zapisem konstrukcji uzyskano z zastosowaniem parametryzacji programowej.

EN

Fundamental purpose of CAD systems is the integration of selection process of design parameters and 2D technical drawings or 3D models. These possibilities were achieved by application of an algorithmic parameters selection of design features using operators and programmed or graphical relational parametrization.

9

Algorithmisation of design features selection of ordered construction families

Gendarz P., Chyra P., Rząsiński R.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2007

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Vol. 20, nr 1-2

363-366

EN

Purpose: The main reason for starting research concerning new methods of creating ordered families of construction was a need to substitute traditional method used to realize those processes by methods oriented on computer aiding. Design/methodology/approach: Paper treats about development of algorithmic methods realizing gamma assignation (which determines relations between parameters of the future technical feature and its design features) in the process of ordered families creating. The main tool of algorithmization is developed theory of constructional similarity, supported by neural networks application method. Findings: The main achievements presented in this paper are developed theory of constructional similarity oriented on computer aiding and neural network application method, both used in designing process of new technical features. Moreover, both methods are highly susceptible to parametrisation. Research limitations/implications: Analyzed methods develop algorthmisation of designing environment and suport integration with the process of preparating the production. Intense research on the theory of technological similarity is being made nowadays. Practical implications: Described methods were being developed on practical examples of creating the module systems of hydraulic cylinders used in mining, slag cars used in metallurgy and gears series of types. Nowadays the gripping devices series of types is being made. Originality/value: Presented in the paper method of the constructional similarity, the algorithmic method and neural networks application method are basis of selection of design features in the process of ordered construction families (series of types and module systems of constructions) creating. All of these methods support intensive development of the types of technical features and affect on their competitive on the ready market.

10

Modelowanie reguł sterowania zbiornikiem Dobczyce w narzędziu komputerowym MIKE 11

Lewicki L.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Środowisko

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2004

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R. 101, z. 15-Ś

107--125

PL

Zbiornik przeciwpowodziowy jako integralna część systemu rzecznego wywiera znaczący wpływ na przebieg transformacji fali powodziowej w tym systemie. Głównym celem niniejszego artykułu jest prezentacja techniki modelowania instrukcji gospodarki wodnej na zbiorniku z użyciem modułu Control Structures w narzędziu MIKE 11. Prezentacji dokonano na przykładzie zbiornika Dobczyce na rzece Rabie. Praca zawiera wyniki symulacji dla fali z lipca 2001 r. i ich analizę.

EN

Flood control reservoir as a integrated part of river system make a significant impact on flood wave transformation process in the system. The main aim of this article is to present technique of reservoir operating rules modelling with Control Structures add-on module in MIKE 11 tool. The presentation was performed on example of the Dobczyce reservoir on the Raba river. The paper contains results of the simulation for flood wave from July 2001 and result analysis.

11

Zarys rozwoju projektowania maszyn elektrycznych

Dąbrowski M.

Prace Instytutu Elektrotechniki

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2003

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Z. 217

5-38

PL

Przedstawiono w ujęciu historycznym zarys rozwoju metod projektowania maszyn elektrycznych. Zaproponowano periodyzację trwających ponad 150 lat działań w tej dziedzinie. Zwrócono uwagę na sekwencyjne oraz iteracyjno-rekursywne metody oraz na intuicyjną oraz obiektywną optymalizację w projektowaniu. Wskazano zmiany w podejściu do projektowania wynikłe z zastosowania ogólnej teorii systemów oraz z ogólnej metodologii pracy badawczej. Szczególnie dużo uwagi poświęcono rozwojowi automatyzacji działań projektowych i ich powiązaniu z konstruowaniem, nawiązując przy tym do rozwoju technik informacyjnych i komunikacyjnych. Wskazano kierunki aktualnych i przyszłościowych badań nad doskonaleniem metod projektowania. W opracowaniu uwzględniono wkład polskich pracowników nauki oraz twórczych inżynierów w omawianej dziedzinie.

EN

The aim of this work is to give an outline of development of the design methods of electric machines as a historical process. Also the state of art in this field is presented. It is proposed to divide this more than 150 years process into following main periods: 1. Pre-designed period, from 1830 till about 1885; 2. Analytical methods without information technologies period, divided into sub-periods: - introductory period, from ~1885 till ~1917; - intuitive optimization period, from ~1917 till ~1950; 3. Digital methods with information and communication technologies period, after ~1950; 4. Objective deterministic optimization, after ~1960; 5. Stochastic optimization, after ~1990. In the introductory part of the second period, as a start point of a design, the output coefficient has been used. This coefficient, defined by different authors is given by formulae (1) ¸ (7). The most physically adequate is the formula ... given by F. Emde [28], which is proportional to the electromagnetic torque of designed machine. The output coefficient is not a "universally constant parameter" for all machines. Value of this parameter depends on many factors, first of all on the rated power and rated rotational speed of the machine. The intuitive optimization started in 1917, after the M. Vidmar work on an economically dimensions of electromagnetic devices. Substantial changes in the design approaches started after 1950 due to application of electronic computers, digital programming, and objective optimization methods. The optimization or a mathematical programming problem is stated by equations (13) and (14). Generally, there exist hundreds of different optimization algorithms; mainly they are slightly improved versions of each other. Optimization methods can be divided into two main groups: deterministic methods, and stochastic methods. In engineering praxis the deterministic methods are often used, in research works - the stochastic one. Deterministic or classical optimization based on algorithm converging often to local extremum. In the modern stochastic methods the optimization is based on statistical analysis. These methods utilize random processes, statistical methods, interval arithmetic's, neural networks, and mainly genetic algorithms. In these methods the finite element optimization is also used. In the paper the attention is also paid to the design automatization and relations to the machine construction with the use of the newly developed information and communication technologies. Last but non-least a substantial contribution of polish researchers and engineers in this field are described.

12

Algorytmizacja procesu decyzyjnego zespołu zabezpieczenia technicznego centrum zabezpieczenia działań stanowiska dowodzenia dywizji

Smyk S.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2000

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nr 4(41)

79-89

EN

One of the basic decision process problems of division and brigade staff is to work out combat variants (technical support variant including) adequate to the superior’s order. Experience from exercises shows that arduous logistic calculations conducted in a traditional way required engaging more people than the exercise’s authors had forecast. Moreover, the results received are of big approximation of events that may take place on the future battlefield. Thus arises the need to select logistic support areas (technical support including) where computer programs facilitating logistic calculations that would be the basis for combat variants evaluation should be applied in the first place. According to the author, the article shows these areas exposing of which is possible thanks to decision process algorithmization.