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Research on the effects of rare earth combined contamination on soil microbial diversity and enzyme activity

Jiang Ying, Wang Xuemei, Chen Yunzhu, Nengzi Lichao

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2022

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Vol. 29, nr 2

227--236

EN

Soil microorganisms and soil enzyme activities are important indexes to evaluate soil status. The soil pollution status was evaluated by measuring the physical and chemical properties and heavy metal content of rare earth combined contaminated soil around the Maoniuping old mining area and tailings ponds in different seasons, and measuring the number and diversity of microorganisms and the soil enzyme activities of the arable soil microecology. This research shows that the physical and chemical properties of farmland soil in old mining areas and tailings ponds in different seasons are significantly different, the concentration of rare earth combined contamination in old mines is greater than that in the tailings area, and the changes in the concentration of rare earth combined contamination cause significant changes in soil microecology. Rare earth combined contamination inhibits fungal and bacterial vital activities and promotes the growth of actinomycetes; reduces the sensitivity of sucrase to heavy metal contamination, promotes the activity of phosphatase, and the effect on urease is that of “promotion at low concentration and inhibition at high concentration”; and reduces the community’s ability to use carbon sources and, as a result, the community species are rare and distributed unevenly and the community structure is simple. These results indicate that rare earth combined contamination is potentially harmful to soil microorganisms, which can provide a theoretical basis for the ecological restoration of farmland soil in mining areas.

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The Impact of Overstory Species and Soil Properties on the Growth of Planted Silver Fir Abies alba in the Karkonosze Mountains, Poland

Dobrowolska Dorota, Pawlak Bogdan, Olszowska Grażyna

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2021

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Vol. 69, nr 1

14--24

EN

Silver fir Abies alba was once an abundant tree species in the Karkonosze Mts. in Poland but its population has decreased. The aim of our study was to assess 1) the impact of canopy trees on the growth dynamics of silver fir saplings and 2) the relationship between the growth rate of silver fir saplings and the soil properties, with special regard to the soil enzyme activity. The study was conducted in the Karkonoski National Park on five experimental plots. Silver fir seedlings were planted in Scots pine, European larch, Norway spruce, silver birch and European beech stands in 1999. In 2016, we measured the diameter at breast height (DBH) and height of the canopy trees and the height, DBH, height increments, needle width and length of 100 silver fir saplings. The dehydrogenase, urease, phosphatase and asparaginase activity was analysed in organic and humus soil horizons. The height, diameter and needle dimensions of young silver fir trees were significantly different under different canopies. The urease and asparaginase activity was the highest under the larch and spruce canopy in both soil horizons. Phosphatase activity was also the highest under larch canopy but only in organic soil horizon. Young silver fir (thicket) has grown under the canopy of all tested tree species but found best growth conditions under larch and pine canopies. The relative growth of silver fir is therefore a function of both stand canopy and soil properties.

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Wpływ biokondycjonera glebowego Soleflor na żywotność i plonowanie kupkówki pospolitej (Dactylis glomerata L.) oraz stan środowiska mikrobiologicznego gleby

Swędrzyńska D., Zielewicz W., Swędrzyński A., Starzyk J., Wolna-Maruwka A.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2015

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Tom 17, cz. 2

1320--1338

EN

Monocultures, nearly 100% share of cereals in crop rotation, the absence of intercrops, one-sided NPK mineral fertilisation and the absence of organic fertilisation are some characteristic phenomena in contemporary agriculture. They lead to numerous unfavourable changes in the natural environment, ranging from impoverished agricultural landscape and its biodiversity to degraded biological properties and fertility of soil. One of the methods improving the functioning of such soils is the application of soil bioconditioners and improvers. They are supposed to improve the soil structure, increase the microbiological activity and, what is particularly important in organic farming, they are supposed to increase the bioavailability of mineral components, such as phosphorus and potassium, from the soil resources which are inaccessible to plants. We conducted a two-year experiment on an orchard grass plantation in a randomised block design. We studied the influence of the Soleflor soil bioconditioner on the soil pH, its bioactivity (the count of selected groups of soil microorganisms, the enzymatic activity), the plant vigour expressed with the SPAD index and the sward yield. The experimental factor was the quantity and frequency of use of the Soleflor bioconditioner. The factor was applied at three levels, i.e. the bioconditioner not applied, 300 kg ha-1 of the bioconditioner applied annually in spring before the vegetation period, 600 kg ha-1 of the bioconditioner applied once in two years in spring before the vegetation period. Identical standard NPK fertilisation was applied in each experimental combination. Soleflor is a preparation based on calcium carbonate enriched with sulphur, magnesium, polypeptides and carbohydrates. It proved to have minimal but noticeable influence on the soil pH, especially in the combination with 600 kg ha-1 of Soleflor. If the conditioner is applied regularly for many years, it will undoubtedly reduce the soil acidity. However, it is noteworthy that the experiment was conducted in a soil with high pH, which was close to neutral. If the conditioner had been applied in a soil with lower pH, the increase in pH would have been more effective in view of the requirements of plants and soil microorganisms. The influence of the Soleflor bioconditioner on the count of microorganisms was noticeable when there was a high total count of bacteria and high population of actinomyces. The quantities of both groups of microorganisms increased in combinations with Soleflor. Although the differences were not always statistically significant, the trend was noticeable and unequivocal. The enzymatic activity of soil was the biological parameter of soil with very equivocal and low reactions to Soleflor fertilisation. The strongest reaction to Soleflor was observed in plants. The application of the bioconditioner regularly increased both the vigour and yield of orchard grass.

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The Activity of Selected Soil Enzymes, and Soil Contamination with Zinc, Cadmium and Lead in the Vicinity of The Zinc Smelter “Miasteczko Slaskie”

Nadgórska-Socha A., Kandziora-Ciupa M., Ciepał R., Musialik D., Barczyk G.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2013

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Vol. 20, nr 1

123--131

EN

Heavy metals are a serious source of soil pollution, especially in the vicinity of metal smelters. His study examines the effect of selected heavy metals on the activity of soil enzymes (acid phosphatase, dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase, urease and protease) in topsoil (0–30 cm) in the vicinity of the zinc smelter “Miasteczko Slaskie”. Soil enzyme activity in the polluted site was compared with a non-polluted site in the outskirts of the Pazurek nature reserve (near Olkusz). Soil samples were collected in coniferous communities. The activity of soil enzymes were compared at distances of 0.5 km, 1 km and 1.5 km from the emitter. In the vicinity of the emitter (all distances) Cd, Pb and Zn levels in topsoil exceeded acceptable limits. Also, Pb content at a non-polluted site (Pazurek nature reserve) was higher than permissible levels. Zn (HNO 3 extracted) were the highest in the topsoil samples collected at a distance of 1.5 km from the Miasteczko Slaskie plant, Cd (HNO 3 and CaCl 2 extracted) and Pb (CaCl 2 extracted) contents were highest at the distance 1 km from the emitter. However, the pollution index in the superficial soil layer (0–10 cm) was similar at all three distances from the emmiter. The Zn, Cd and Pb bioavailable concentrations (CaCl 2 extracted) ranged: 15–220, 0.1–7.2, 2.8–55.7 mg kg –1 respectively. The greatest decreases were found for acid phosphatase, dehydrogenase and protease activity at the distance of 0.5 km from the emitter. Results show that soil enzymatic activity should accompany basic chemical analysis to track disorders and adverse effects in polluted soil.

PL

Zanieczyszczenie gleby metalami ciężkim zwłaszcza w pobliżu hut metali to poważny problem. Oceniano wpływ metali ciężkich na aktywność enzymatyczną gleby. Celem badań była ocena aktywności enzymów glebowych: fosfatazy kwaśnej, dehydrogenaz, β-glukozydazy, ureazy i proteazy w wierzchniej warstwie gleby w najbliższym sąsiedztwie huty cynku Miasteczko Śląskie. Aktywność enzymatyczną gleby na stanowiskach zanieczyszczonych porównywano z aktywnością na stanowisku niezanieczyszczonym, próbki gleby pobierano również w pobliżu rezerwatu przyrody Pazurek koło Olkusza ze zbiorowisk borowych. Aktywność enzymatyczna w glebie najbliższego sąsiedztwa emitora była porównywana w odległości 0,5, 1, 1,5 km od emitora. Wykazane zawartości Cd, Pb i Zn przekraczały dopuszczalne normy przyjęte dla gleby. Zawartość Pb w próbkach gleby pobieranych w pobliżu rezerwatu Pazurek była wyższa niż dopuszczalne wartości dla gleby. Zawartość Zn (ekstrakcja HNO3) była najwyższa w odległości 1,5 km od emitora (0–10 cm), z kolei zawartości Cd (ekstrakcja HNO 3 i CaCl 2 ) i Pb (ekstrakcja CaCl 2 ) były najwyższe 1 km od emitora. Wskaźnik zanieczyszczenia wykazany dla wierzchniej warstwy gleby (0–10 cm) był na porównywalnym poziomie w glebie w sąsiedztwie emitora. Koncentracje biodostępnych form metali (ekstrakcja CaCl2) mieściły się w przedziałach odpowiednio: 15–220, 0,1–7,2, 2,8–55,7 mg kg –1 . Najniższe aktywności fosfatazy, dehydrogenazy i proteazy wykazano w próbkach gleby pobieranej w odległości 0.5 km. Badania aktywności enzymatycznej gleby obok analiz chemicznych powinny być prowadzone w celu śledzenia zmian w glebach zanieczyszczonych.

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Wpływ niekontrolowanych wysypisk odpadów na aktywność enzymatyczną gleby

Bielińska E. J., Futa B., Wiśniewski J.

Prace Instytutu Nafty i Gazu

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2007

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nr 145

171-176

PL

W pracy podjęto próbę oceny oddziaływania niekontrolowanych wysypisk odpadów na aktywność enzymatyczną gleby. Badaniami objęto pięć niekontrolowanych wysypisk odpadów zlokalizowanych na południowo-wschodnim obrzeżu Lublina. Odniesieniem były próbki glebowe pobrane z pól uprawnych znajdujących się w sąsiedztwie badanych wysypisk. W glebach na czterech wysypiskach, powstałych stosunkowo niedawno (przed czterema-pięcioma laty), stwierdzono kilkakrotnie większą aktywność badanych enzymów (dehydrogenaz, fosfatazy kwaśnej, fosfatazy zasadowej, ureazy i proteazy) niż w glebie z pól uprawnych. Przeciwne tendencje zanotowano w przypadku składowiska odpadów powstałego przed 20 laty.

EN

The dissertation attempts to assess the impact of uncontrolled waste dumps on the enzymatic activity of the soil. Five uncontrolled waste dumps situated on the south-eastern outskirts of Lublin were examined as part of the study. The reference materials were soil samples collected from crop fields located in the vicinity of the studied dumps. In the soils of four of the most recent dumps (four or five years old) the activity of the studied enzymes (dehydrogenases, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, urease and protease) was observed to be several times higher than in the soil from crop fields. The opposite tendencies were observed in the case of the waste dump that was established 20 years ago.

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Wpływ dodatku różnych dawek soli miedzi i ołowiu na zmiany akywności niektórych enzymów glebowych.

Nowak J., Smolik B., Śnieg B.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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1999

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Vol. 6, nr 9

889-898

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki doświadczeń laboratoryjnych nad wpływem różnych dawek soli miedzi i ołowiu od 0,5 do 50 [wzór] na zmiany aktywności enzymów glebowych w ciągu jednej doby. Stwierdzono inhibicję fofatazy kwaśnej i zasadowej pod wpływem wszystkich stosowanych dawek soli metali oraz obniżenie aktywności dehydrogenazy i ureazy przy najwyższych dawkach. Niewielką stymulację aktywności dehydrogenazy i ureazy zaobserwowano w 24 godz. doświadczenia przy dawkach niższych.

EN

The results of laboratory investigations on changes in soil enzymes activity under the influence of 0,5 - 50 [formula] of copper and lead salts during twenty-four hours are reported. The inhibition of acid and basic phosphatase was found, as a result of applying all used doses of tested heavy metals. The highest doses resulted in a decrease of activity of the soil dehydrogenase and urease. A slight stimulation of activity of this two enzymes was observed after 24 hours in soil treated with low doses of heavy metals salts.

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Wpływ insektycydu pyretroidowego - Desisu 2,5 EC na zmiany aktywności fosfatazy kwaśnej i zasadowej oraz dehydrogenazy w glebie

Nowak J., Kłódka D.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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1998

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Vol. 5, nr 11

1025-1032

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki doświadczeń laboratoryjnych nad wpływem różnych dawek insektycydu pyretroidowego Decisu 2,5 EC na zmiany aktywności enzymów glebowych: fosfatazy zasadowej i kwaśnej oraz dehydrogenazy w glebie inkubowanej w różnej temperaturze. Stwierdzono stymulację aktywności fosfatazy zasadowej i kwaśnej oraz inhibicję dehydrogenazy zwłaszcza w temp. 35 stopni C pod wpływem wszystkich stosowanych dawek Decisu. Ponadto wysokie stężenie Decisu powoduje inhibicję dehydrogenazy w glebie w największym stopniu w temp. 10 i 35 stopni C oraz w znacznie mniejszym niż 20 stopni C.

EN

Resuls of laboratory - experiments over influence different doses of the pyrethroid insecticide Decis 2,5 EC on changes of activity of soil enzyms: alkaline and acid phosphatase and dehydrogenase in soil incubated in different temperature was presented. Stimulation of acid and alkaline phosphatase activity and inhibition of the dehydrogenase activity under influence all of practical doses of Decis was found, especially in the temperature 35 degrees C. High concentration of Decis causes inhibitory effect on dehydrogenase activity in soil in greatest degree in temperature 10 and 35 degrees C and in considerably smaller at 20 degrees C.