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On Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Actuators for Applications in Structural Vibration Control

Pietrzakowski M.

Machine Dynamics Problems

2008

Vol. 32, No. 4

78-94

The aim of the present study is to develop models of active laminated plates containing monolithic piezopolymer sensor layers and a new type of actuator layers made of functionally graded piezoelecrtic material (FGPM). The electromechanical properties of the FGPM actuators can be tailored varying the piezoceramic volume fraction across the thickness during the manufacturing process. Two types of FGPM actuator are under consideration. The first is represented by a multi-layered actuator stacked of distinct piezoelectric fiber composite (PFC) laminae, which differ each other with an amount of piezoceramic (PZT) fibers to change its electromechanical properties quasi continuously according to a power low. In the second case two-phase material being a mixture of piezoceramics and matrix material (e.g. polymer or epoxy resin) is examined. Three distribution functions, which describe the gradient of volume fraction constituents, are considered: exponential, parabolic and sigmoid. The analysis and numerical simulations are focused on the relationship between the material compositional gradient and electromechanical properties and also dynamic responses of the structure. The effective properties of the FGPM, i.e. the Young's modulus and piezoelectric coefficient gradations, are determined. The dynamic analysis concerns steady-state behaviour of rectangular symmetrically laminated plates due to the classical plate theory. The numerical simulations are performed to recognize the influence of the applied pattern of the piezoceramic fraction distribution and its parameters on the gradient of elastic and piezoelectric properties across the FGPM actuators and, as the final result, the active plate structural response presented in terms of amplitude-frequency characteristics. The changes in both the natural frequencies and resonant amplitudes are compared and the influence of the piezoceramic gradation on the control system operational effectiveness is also discussed.