Współlcześnie trudno sobie wyobrazić kształcenie lotnicze bez nowoczesnych symulatorów i innych mediów wspomagających nauczyciela - mistrza w procesie przekazywania wiedzy studentom. Kształcenie lotnicze nie może być statyczne i musi być realizowane w dynamicznym środowisku, a tą wlaściwą dynamikę kszłatcenia mogą zapewnić odpowiedniej klasy symulatory. Symulatory wykorzystywane w szkoleniu lotniczym, a do takiego zalicza się szkolenie personelu ATS (Air Traffic Services) muszą spełniać określone wymogi w zakresie możliwości odtwarzania odpowiedniej dynamiki ruchu oraz środowiska lotniczego. Z tego też względu są urządzeniami bardzo drogimi i jest ich na świecie bardzo niewiele. W Polsce specjalizowanymi symulatorami do szkolenia służb ruchu lotniczego dysponuje Polska Agencja Żeglugi Powietrznej oraz Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Sił Powietrznych w Dęblinie. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie organizacji szkolenia personelu ATS w oparciu o rekomendacje Europejskiej Organizacji ds. Bezpieczeństwa Żeglugi Powietrznej (EUROCONTROL), wymagań stawianym symulatorom i innym mediom wykorzystywanym w szkoleniu, a takte prezentacja kompleksu symulacyjnego, którym dysponuje WSOSP.
EN
Contemporarily is difficult to imagine air education without the modern simulators and other medias helping of teacher - master in the process of the knowledge transmission to students. Air Education cannot be static and must be realized in the dynamic environment, but this proper education dynamics can assure simulators of the appropriate class. Simulators used in aeronautical education, to the training of the ATS (Air Traffic Services) personnel, must fulfil definite requirements in the range of the possibilities of the creation of appropriate dynamics of movement and of aeronautical environment. From this they belong to a group of a very expensive equipment and there are not many of them in the world. In Poland specialized simulators to the training of the air trafic services are at disposal of Polish Agency of Air Trafic and The High Officer's School of Air Forces in Deblin. The goal of this article is a presentation of organization of the training of the ATS personnel on the basis of the recommendations of The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL), presentation of simulators and other media used in the training demands, but also the introduction of simulation complex, which WSOSP has at disposal.
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Unmanned Aerial Vehicles’ (UAVs) operations so far have been mainly connected with military operations and due to security reasons they have been limited to selected space or the space over a real battlefield (the Balkans, Iraq, Afghanistan). Armed forces’ constantly growing requirements concerning the use of UAVs, as well as the increased interest of their application for civil tasks cause that there is a need to ensure UAVs access to controlled and not controlled space (of all International Civil Aviation Organization’s - ICAO classes) and integrate their operations with air traffic control management systems. The problems relating to the development of UAV systems are complex - the works focus on regulations when they are fit for service (certificates), ATM procedures, various technical issues (e.g. propulsion, airframe, miniaturization of radionavigation equipment, remote control and flight control equipment) and defining requirements in relation to the UAV pilot - operator’s qualifications. Multi-sided research is conducted by numerous research and scientific institutions and international aviation organizations (e.g. ICAO, EASA, EUROCONTROL, NATO). Through legislature, it is attempted to reach an appropriate security and safety level - ensuring the UAV flights in ATS space will not create a bigger threat to people and property in the air and on the ground than manned aircraft of the same class and category. Another safety requirement is to develop transparent rules to use the same airspace by unmanned and manned aerial vehicles and complying with air traffic norms, rules and procedures by UAV users, particularly concerning separation and collision avoidance. It is assumed that the way of using UAVs in ATS space must be the same as the one currently used in relation to manned aerial vehicles, i.e. based on rules and regulations set by ICAO. It is forecasted that UAVs will become an important and rightful user of European airspace.
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