Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene in field and laboratory by means of cold fiber SPME equipped with thermoelectric cooler and GC/FID method

Tajik L., Bahrami A., Ghiasvand A., Shahna F. G.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2017

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Vol. 19, nr 3

9--15

EN

A simple and effective cooling device based on a thermoelectric cooler was applied to cool the SPME fiber. The device was used for quantitative extraction of aromatic hydrocarbons in the air. Several factors such as coating temperature, extraction temperature and relative humidity in the laboratory setting were optimized. Comparison of the results between the cold fiber SPME (CF-SPME) and NIOSH 1501 method on standard test atmosphere indicated a satisfactory agreement. The CF-SPME and SPME method were also compared. The results revealed that CF-SPME has the most appropriate outcome for the extraction of aromatic hydrocarbons from the ambient air. The cold fiber SPME technique showed good results for several validation parameters. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection (LOD) and the limits of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.00019 to 0.00033 and 0.0006 to 0.001 ng ml−1 , respectively. The intra-day relative standard deviation (RSD) showed ranging from 4.8 to 10.5%.

2

Development of an innovative gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for assessment of formaldehyde in the workplace atmosphere

Dugheri S, Bonari A., Pompilio I., Colpo M., Mucci N., Montalti M., Arcangeli G.

Acta Chromatographica

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2017

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Vol. 29, no. 4

511--514

EN

World consumption of formaldehyde (FA) is forecast to grow at an average annual rate of about 4% from 2015 to 2020 with world production to exceed 52 million tons in 2017. From the first day of January 2016, the Commission Regulation No. 91/2015 established the FA classification through an indication from European Chemical Agency as category 2 mutagenic and category 1B carcinogen. A novel method for the determination of gaseous FA in air is presented herewith. The sampling was carried out using a miniaturized cartridge by means of a medium-flow pumping system (1.0 L min-1, 5–60 min) and absorption of FA vapors on 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. Cartridge desorption removing the excess derivatizing agent based upon solid-phase extraction was performed by an innovative xyz robotic system on-line with fast gas chromatography (GC)—mass spectrometry (MS). Through the generation of standard atmospheres of known concentration of FA, we evaluated the precision (relative standard deviation for n = 10, 8.8%), lower limit of quantification (0.072 µg/cartridge), and linearity (from 0.125—64 µg/cartridge with correlation coefficient of 0.99) of the method. The described procedure combines the efficiency of fast GC—MS systems with both the high throughput of autosampler and the quantitative accuracy of FA-dinitrophenylhydrazone for measuring American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLV Ceiling.

3

The interaction between the indoor environment and building construction

Toth S., Vojtus J.

Budownictwo o Zoptymalizowanym Potencjale Energetycznym

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2014

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nr 1(13)

130--137

EN

The project listed in the acknowledgment focused on monitoring the occurrence of various fungus genera within building constructions of residential, non-residential and historic buildings. Fungoid organisms found on indoor surface of building constructions are a serious aesthetic and constructional/structural disadvantage with enormous impact on the interior environment of exploitable space. They can be found not only in rooms of old buildings, but also in newly built or reconstructed areas, where one would not expect them. Greater amounts of fungoid organisms occurring in artificial environments are harmful to humans. Therefore professional information provided to the public concerning their harmful impact not only on construction materials, but also on human health is very necessary.

PL

Celem projektu jest monitorowanie występowania różnych rodzajów grzybów wewnątrz konstrukcji budynków mieszkalnych, niemieszkalnych oraz zabytkowych. Grzyby znajdowane na wewnętrznej powierzchni konstrukcji budowlanych w swojej najprostszej postaci jako pleśń są poważną estetyczną i konstrukcyjno-strukturalną wadą z ogromnym wpływem na jakość środowiska wnętrz. Można je znaleźć nie tylko w pomieszczeniach starych budynków, ale również w nowo budowanych lub przebudowywanych obiektach, gdzie nie powinny występować. Duża ilość grzybów obserwowana w sztucznie stworzonym środowisku w pomieszczeniach jest szkodliwa dla ludzi. Dlatego też profesjonalne informacje podane do publicznej wiadomości, dotyczące ich szkodliwego wpływu nie tylko na materiały budowlane, ale także na zdrowie ludzi, są bardzo potrzebne.

4

Analiza porównawcza wyników badania stopnia mikrobiologicznego zanieczyszczenia powietrza przy pobieraniu próbek metodą sedymentacyjną oraz zderzeniową lub filtracyjną

Kulik A., Ossowska-Cypryk K.

Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Inżynieria Środowiska

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2009

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z. 56

45-102

PL

W badaniach mikrobiologicznych powietrza, obok konieczności wyboru metody poboru próbki, zachodzi potrzeba jej oceny pod względem efektywności wychwytywania mikroorganizmów i występujących w tym procesie błędów. Różnorodność metod pobierania próbek powietrza oraz sprzętu stosowanego do badań mikrobiologicznych powoduje, że uzyskiwane wyniki nie są jednoznaczne, co utrudnia obiektywną ocenę stopnia mikrobiologicznego zanieczyszczenia powietrza. W wieloletniej działalności badawczej byłego Instytutu Systemów Inżynierii Środowiska Politechniki Warszawskiej (1970-2007) zagadnieniom metodycznym w mikrobiologii powietrza poświęcono wiele uwagi. W pracach badawczych, realizowanych początkowo w Zakładzie Inżynieryjno-Sanitarnej Ochrony Środowiska, a następnie w Zakładzie Biologii Środowiska i Zakładzie Ochrony Środowiska Miejskiego, przeprowadzono szereg eksperymentów mających na celu porównanie efektywności wychwytywania mikroorganizmów z powietrza w próbkach |"bieranych metodą sedymentacyjną, zderzeniową i filtracyjną. W opracowaniu przedstawiono wyniki badań porównawczych przeprowadzonych w otoczeniu różnych źródeł bioaerozolu, głównie oczyszczalni ścieków i obiektów hodowlanych, oraz w powietrzu niezanieczyszczonym, a także w pomieszczeniach zamkniętych i w laboratorium, Wyniki analizy wskazują na potrzebę prowadzenia badań porównawczych, ponieważ w zróżnicowanych warunkach środowiskowych zależności między stężeniami liczbowymi mikroorganizmów uzyskiwanymi różnymi metodami nie są stałe. Dodatkowo na skutek zmian konstrukcyjnych przyrządów do poszczególnych metod badawczych (aparaty szczelinowe, próbniki, płuczki itp.) zmianie ulega ich zdolność do wychwytywania mikroorganizmów, co bezpośrednio wpływa na wynik badania.

EN

In microbiological examination of air, apart from the need to choose a sampling method, it is also necessary to assess the method in terms of its microorganism capturing effectiveness and errors occurring in the process. The variety of air sampling methods and equipment types used for microbiological examination by individual authors leads to the situation that the results obtained by means of those methods and equipment are not unequivocal. Since the results are far from being homogenous, it is difficult to assess the degree of microbiological air pollution objectively. For many years of research work carried out at Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Environmental Engineering Systems, a lot of attention has been paid to methodological issues in the microbiology of air. Within the framework of the research activity done initially at the Engineering and Sanitary Environmental Protection Division and, later on, at the Environmental Biology Division and the Urban Environment Protection Division, numerous experiments were conducted to compare the effectiveness of the techniques applied to capture microorganisms from the air in samples collected by means of sedimentation, impact and filtration methods. The paper shows the results of comparative research carried out in the surroundings of various bioaerosol sources, mainly wastewater treatment plants and animal breeding facilities, in unpolluted air, in buildings and in a laboratory. The results of the analysis point to the need to conduct comparative research, as in diverse environmental conditions the relationships among numerical microorganism concentrations obtained by means of various methods are not constant. Moreover, as a result of technological development of the equipment used in individual research methods (slit samplers, impingers etc.) its microorganism capturing capacity has changed and this change has had a direct influence on the results of the given research.

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Chromatograficzne metody badań zanieczyszczeń powietrza w obiektach gospodarki komunalnej

Sadowska-Rociek A., Kurdziel M.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2008

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[Z] 62, 7-8

733-746

EN

Communal management facilities like composting plants or landfills are found to be significant sources of air pollution in the environment. Air pollution is caused by chemical compounds that are naturally generated during biological decomposition of organic waste. Most of these substances belong to the volatile organic compounds (VOC). They can be classified into the groups: aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters, chlorinated hydrocarbons and sulphur and nitrogen containing compounds. Their emissions to the atmosphere cause serious environmental concerns like potential health hazards, global warming, ozone layer damage and finally unpleasant odours that are the most important nuisance to citizens living in the vicinity of communal management objects. In the recent years the growing public concern about living conditions and the state of environment has resulted in the development of new analytical approaches suitable for monitoring and examining the volatile organic compounds in the air. This article provides a review of the most frequently employed gas chromatographic methods used for determination of air pollutants emitted from communal management facilities. Gas chromatographs equipped with various types of columns and detectors (FID, PID) and coupled with mass spectrometers (GC/MS), olfactory detection port (GC/ODP) remain nowadays the most widely used and very suitable devices to investigate the presence and concentration of landfill odorants in the air [1-3]. In the article the above-mentioned methods are summarized and discussed. The sampling technique in the analysis of gases is often the crucial point of the whole procedure. The most popular techniques of sample preparation including dynamic and passive enrichment on sorbents, followed by thermal desorption or extraction, solid-phase microextraction (SPME) or the modern approaches like use of the flux chamber [4, 5] are also described. Finally, the review covers the topic of miniaturization of gas-chromatographic instruments. Micro gas chromatographs (?GC) and portable gas chromatographs provide the possibility of on-site analysis without the risk of sample contamination or destruction. They are easy to operate and work on-line, giving immediate results, which permit to monitor the level of pollution in the real time and follow the time evolution of landfill emissions [6]. In the Table 1 some examples of volatile organic compounds determination recently carried out in different places of the world are presented.

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Air aerosol sampling station AZA-1000 at Polish Polar Station in Hornsund, Spitsbergen

Mysłek-Laurikainen B., Matul M., Mikołajewski S., Trzaskowska H., Preibisz Z., Garanty I., Kubicki M., Rakowski P., Krynicki T., Stefański M.

Nukleonika

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2006

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Vol. 51, nr 2

137-140

EN

The high volume air sampler AZA-1000 was built in the Environmental Protection Laboratory of the Andrzej Sołtan Institute for Nuclear Studies. In July 2002, this air sampler AZA-1000 was installed in the Polish Polar Observatory of the Polish Academy of Science in Hornsund, Spitsbergen. The device was built with numerous specific features which make possible to operate such station in extra difficult climatic conditions of polar region. Since July 2002, radioactive aerosols were collected at the Petrianov filter tissue FPP-15-1.5 and measured using high resolution g spectrometry in the Environmental Protection Laboratory at Świerk. The concentration of the airborn, cosmogenic radionuclide 7Be and of other natural and man maid radionuclides like 137Cs was determined. A comparison of the preliminary results with those from the ASS-500 sampling station operating at Świder is presented.