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Growth and Development of Sweet Corn Plants in the Agro-Ecological Conditions of the Western Region of Ukraine

Hryhoriv Yaroslava, Butenko Andrii, Masyk Ihor, Onychko Tetiana, Davydenko Gennadiy, Bondarieva Liudmyla, Hotvianska Anna, Horbunova Karine, Yevtushenko Yevhen, Mykola Vandyk

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 4

216--222

EN

The results of research on the influence of growing technology and its individual elements on the growth, development and photosynthetic activity of corn plants hybrid Moreland F1 under conditions of Western region of Ukraine are presented. The purpose of the research was to determine influence of cultivation technology elements on the formation and efficiency of assimilation apparatus of sweet corn plants. Research was conducted during 2019–2021 on sod–podzolic soil using field, calculation–weighting, and mathematical–statistical methods. Dynamics peculiarities of individual leaf surface area of the plant and agrocenosis of corn as a whole by the stages of crop development have been determined. Based on the results of statistical and correlation analyses, dependences between main indices of photosynthetic activity and corn yielding capacity, as well as those that change the most under influence of agrotechnology elements, were determined. Reaction of the crop on the change in intensity level of cultivation technology has been established, which is manifested through the functional response of individual photosynthetic plant system and the crop as a whole and is expressed in strengthening of their assimilation activity. Optimal limits of biometric indices of photosynthetic activity of sweet corn plants in crops when being reached, a productive grain yield is formed, have been presented.

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Research into Comparative Performance of Different Tillage and Fertilization Systems Applied to Grey Forest Soil of Forest Steppe in Grain Crop Rotation

Kaminskyi Viktor, Bulgakov Volodymyr, Tkachenko Mykola, Kolomiіets Mykola, Kaminska Valentina, Ptashnik Mykhailo, Ivanovs Semjons, Kiernicki Zbigniew

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 12

163--178

EN

The paper summarises the results of the comprehensive scientific research carried out in the form of a two-factor stationary experiment (5 primary tillage systems × 3 fertilization systems) with rotation (2016–2020) of cereal crops (winter wheat – grain maize – spring barley – soybean) in grey forest fine sand and light loam soil. The effectiveness of the tested agricultural production method has been proven by the amplitudes of the actual cropping capacities: winter wheat – 2.80–5.00 t∙ha–1; grain maize – 4.16–8.89 t∙ha–1; spring barley – 1.78–4.45 t∙ha–1; soybean – 1.02–3.17 t∙ha–1. The rehabilitation of the physical, agrochemical and biological status of the edatope and the consolidation of the physiological processes in the grain cenoses achieved by the systemic approach to the soil tillage and fertilisation have provided for an increase in the natural biological potential of the plough land by a factor of 1.3–1.8 (from 2.96 to 5.21 t∙ha–1 of grain units, units for the equivalent measuring of different plant cultivation products). Factographic justification has been provided for the environmental, technological and technical-and-economic feasibility of implementing agronomic technologies based on the adaptive combination of mouldboard and non-mouldboard tillage (to a depth of 6–45 cm) and organic and mineral fertilization system (6.5–7.0 t∙ha–1 of plant cultivation by-products + N70P58K68). In this case, the effective fertility of an area unit in crop rotation reaches 5.72 t∙ha–1 in grain units, the production cost of raised grain – 117 €∙t–1, the earning capacity – 788 € (ha∙year) –1, the level of plant cultivation profitability – 139%. In the comparable alternatives of the system-based soil tillage (every-year ploughing, subsurface blade tillage and especially tillage with disk implements), the indices estimated above are significantly lower.

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Ocena wartości gospodarczej kenafu

Grabowska L., Konczewicz W., Oleszak G., Jakimcio-Turowski J.

Problemy Inżynierii Rolniczej

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2009

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R. 17, nr 1

137-144

PL

Kenaf [Hibiscus cannabinus] należy do rodziny Malwaceae. Pochodzi z tropikalnych i subtropikalnych regionów Afryki i Azji. Od ponad 4000 lat uprawiany w celu pozyskania włókna, pożywienia i opału. Po II wojnie światowej w USA rozpoczęto badania z kenafem, jako obiecującym, jednorocznym surowcem do produkcji papieru. Ostatnio również w Europie zainteresowano się kenafem, jako rośliną dającą wysoki plon biomasy (do 26 t/ha), z ciągle rosnącym zastosowaniem w przemyśle. W 2006 r. w Pętkowie (woj. wielkopolskie) założono doświadczenie polowe w celu poznania możliwości plonowania kenafu w polskich warunkach klimatyczno-glebowych i porównania z konopiami włóknistymi. Zastosowano 5 różnych gęstości siewu, określono plon biomasy i zawartość włókna. Kenaf uprawiany na poletkach doświadczalnych w Pętkowie osiągnął plon biomasy porównywalny z plonem konopi włóknistych. Jednakże do dalszych prac doświadczalno-wdrożeniowych na terenie Polski należałoby sprowadzić nasiona odmian o krótszym okresie wegetacji.

EN

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) belonging to Malvaceae family, originates from tropical regions of Africa and Asia. It has been cultivated since above 4000 years for getting fibre, food and fuel. After world war 2nd the experiments with kenaf were undertaken in the USA, as a promising one-year raw material for paper production. Recently yhe interest in kenaf is observed in Europe, as a plant giving high biomass yields (up to 26 t/ha), with still increasing list of its applications in the industry. In 2006, at Pętkowo Experimental Station (Wielkopolskie province), a field experiment has been arranged in order to recognize the yielding potential of kenaf under Polish climate and soil conditions, and to compare it with the fibrous hemp. At five different sowing densities the biomass yields and fibre contents were determined. Kenaf cultivated on experimental plots at Pętkowo achieved biomass yield comparable to the yield of the fibrous hemp. However, in further experimental and implementation works on terrains of Poland, the seeds of cultivars characterized by shorter vegetation period should be applied.

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Threats to the quality of water resources in rural areas of the Świętokrzyskie Province in connection with the introduction of the nitrate directive. Element s of agrotechnology and livestock density

Kopeć M., Gondek K.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2008

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Vol. 15, nr 12

1377-1386

EN

The investigations were conducted to negate or confirm the effect of agricultural activities of various size farms on the elements of analysis resulting from the so-called nitrate directive. Surveys were conducted in three areas of the Świętokrzyskie Province within the upper Vistula River basin. The form and range of the surveys matched the needs of reporting from particularly threatened areas. Survey research (a total of 30 surveys) was conducted in autumn 2006 and in spring 2007. The survey questionnaire contains a number of questions divided into the following problem groups: farm location and area, location and topography, cropping structure, livestock population, assessment of selected elements of production, technically efficient farm facilities favouring environmental protection, including water supply and sewage disposal system. In view of the nitrate directive criteria the agrotechnology and nitrogen load per area unit should not pose any environmental hazard.

PL

Celem podjętych badań było wykluczenie lub potwierdzenie wpływu działalności rolniczej gospodarstw o różnej wielkości na elementy analizy wynikające z tzw. dyrektywy azotanowej. Przeprowadzono ankietę w trzech obszarach województwa świętokrzyskiego w obrębie górnego dorzecza Wisły. Forma i zakres ankiety była zgodna z potrzebami raportowania dla obszarów szczególnie narażonych na zanieczyszczenie ze źródeł rolniczych. Badania ankietowe (łącznie 302 ankiety) przeprowadzono jesienią 2006 i wiosną 2007 r. Druk ankiety zawiera szereg pytań podzielonych na następujące grupy problemowe: lokalizacja i powierzchnia gospodarstwa, położenie i ukształtowanie powierzchni, struktura zasiewów, stan inwentarza żywego, ocena wybranych elementów produkcji, wyposażenie gospodarstwa w sprawne technicznie obiekty sprzyjające ochronie środowiska, w tym wodociągi i kanalizację. Na badanym obszarze agrotechnika i obciążenie azotem jednostki po-wierzchni oceniane według kryteriów dyrektywy azotanowej nie powinny stanowić zagrożenia dla środowiska.