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Impact of Organic Cultivation Technology of Fiber Hemp (Cannabis Sativa L.) on Soil Agrochemical and Bioecological Properties

Pylypchenko Andrii, Marenych Mykola, Hanhur Volodymyr, Semenov Anatolii, Korotkova Irina, Rozhkov Artur, Karpuk Lesia, Laslo Oksana, Marinich Lubov, Ponomarenko Serhii

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 12

356--365

EN

Research into the correlations among components of soil biota is of significant importance for effective management of agroecosystems in organic agricultural production. Organic cultivation technologies contribute to increased nitrogen and phosphorus content in the soil, while reducing levels of P2O5 and K2O compared to inorganic methods. The influence of organic residue decomposers on macroelement composition in the soil has been examined, revealing a minimal impact on their levels. Organic technologies promote an augmentation of microorganisms, although there is a potential risk of heightened disease pathogens. It has been observed that under organic cultivation conditions, there is more intense tissue degradation, potentially attributed to higher microorganism activity. Transitional cultivation methods yield lower rates of degradation in comparison to organic techniques. The impact of organic technologies on the quantity of earthworms, nematodes, and springtails in the soil has been investigated. Organic practices have shown to increase their population, creating a favorable environment for soil biological indicators. Particular attention is given to correlation relationships between microorganisms responsible for nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation and the fungal component. High correlation values (r = 0.72–0.89) underscore the significance of comprehending these associations when employing organic cultivation methods. The study of correlations among soil biota components in organic production presents a promising task for the effective utilization of resources and the assurance of sustainable agroecosystem development.

2

Fertilizers and Pesticides Impact on Surface-Active Substances Accumulation in the Dark Gray Podzolic Soils

Litvinova Olena, Tonkha Oksana, Havryliuk Oleksandr, Litvinov Dmytrо, Symochko Lyudmyla, Dehodiuk Stanislav, Zhyla Roman

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 7

119--127

EN

The article reports on a study that examined the impact of agrochemicals on the levels of surfactants in soil. Specifically, the study found that the use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides led to an increase in the levels of anionic surfactants (ASA) in the soil. Furthermore, the simultaneous application of fertilizers and pesticides had a greater effect on ASA levels than either factor alone. The use of pesticides also led to an increase in non-ionic surfactants (NSA), while the use of fertilizers resulted in a decrease in NSA levels. The study also found that the increase in the levels of mobile forms of key nutrients in the soil was associated with the accumulation of ASA in lower layers of the soil profile.The amount of alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen under the low protection system increased by 3.0–23.2 mg kg-1 soil, mobile phosphorus by 14.0–144.0 mg P2O5, and exchangeable potassium by 9.0–222.0 mg K2O per kg soil, compared to the control. With the complex use of fertilizers and pesticides in one block, a trend of increasing mobile forms of nutrients in the soil was observed. The distribution of ASA amount in the soil profile is descending. The clear presence of ASA was established only in the soil layer of 0–40 cm. An increase of ASA content in the soil due to the use of agrochemicals and fertilizers is observed up to a depth of 60–80 cm. Using biological elements in agriculture significantly reduces the amount of these substances in the soil profile.

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Environmental Monitoring of the Sustainability and Productivity of the Agroecosystem of Oilseeds in South-East Kazakhstan

Suleimenova Naziya, Orynbasarova Gulnar, Suleimenova Mariya, Bozhbanov Alikhan, Yerekeyeva Svetlana

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 7

89--99

EN

The purpose of the study described in this paper is aimed at identifying the environmental situation of the agroecosystem and studying the impact of resource-saving technology methods for the cultivation of oilseed rapeseed, ensuring sustainability and productivity of the agroecosystem during environmental monitoring. The object of the study was spring rapeseed of the Maily variety. Experimental studies were carried out using the generally accepted classical techniques, such as experiment and observation, in the form of a multifactorial field experiment. A two-factor field experiment was laid out by the split plots method and based on the methodology for conducting field experiments with oilseeds. The results of the study were obtained using the methods of a soil-protective agriculture system based on the principles of soil protection technology. The studied minimal tillage provides a reduction in the amount of mechanical impact on the soil, restoration and preservation of soil fertility, improvement of moisture supply by leaving the plant stubble and scattering chopped straw after harvesting the previous crop, and replacing deep moldboard tillage with shallow flat-cut tillage. On the basis of the obtained study results, it was proven that the replacement of energy-intensive moldboard tillage with shallow flat-cut tillage (mini-till), ensuring the rational use of soil resources and resource-energy conservation, was feasible. The reconstructed parameters of agrophysical factors of soil fertility were determined, such as density, aggregate composition, and the structure and water resistance of soil aggregates, which ensured the sustainability of the environmental situation of the agroecosystem. It has been established that the soil protection methods of resource-saving rapeseed cultivation technology mitigate the risk and optimize the conditions for the growth and development of crops, where productivity increases to 21.3%, and also provide 29.3 thousand tenges/ha of additional income from each hectare with an increase in the profitability of rapeseed cultivation to 97% and 108% under the conditions of South-East Kazakhstan.

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Soil Nematodes in Organic and Conventional Farming System : A Comparison of the Taxonomic and Functional Diversity

Ilieva-Makulec K., Tyburski J., Makulec G.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2016

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Vol. 64, nr 4

547--563

EN

Agricultural practices in organic farming theoretically are supposed to lead to higher diversity and activity of soil organisms, which correlates with the stability or resilience of the soil system. In a 3-year study, we tested that hypothesis by comparing the nematode abundance, genera composition and community structure in the soil of winter wheat crop under organic and conventional management. We found the soil type to be a stronger predictor for the total nematodes abundance than the farming system itself. In both systems nematode densities were higher in the sandy than in the clayey soil. Total abundance of nematodes was significantly higher in the organic than conventional farm only in sandy soil and only in the autumn. Significantly more plant feeders was observed in organic than in the conventional crops regardless the soil type. In the clayey soil more bacterial feeders were found in the conventional farm, while in the sandy soil — in the organic one. Nematode generic richness was higher in the organic (a range of 15–35 genera) than in the conventional crops (a range of 15–29) on most sampling dates. Higher generic diversity (H') in the organic crop than in conventional was found for total nematodes in the clayey soil, and for hyphal feeders in sandy soil. H' for plant feeders were higher under organic than conventional system in both types of soil. In both farming systems bacterial feeding genera (Rhabditis, Panagrolaimus, Cephalobus and Acrobeloides) dominated in the communities. Plant feeders and omnivores were found among dominant genera only in the clayey soil, first under both systems, the latter only in the organic crops. The evaluation based on the ecological indices such as Maturity Index, Plant Parasite Index, Enrichment and Structure Index, and ratios between nematode trophic groups, showed that nematode communities under both farming systems most of the time were low matured and the soil food webs strongly disturbed.

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The use of data from the land and building register and soil and agricultural maps for quantification of provisioning agroecosystem services

Lupa P.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2016

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nr 4

65--75

PL

Kwantyfikacji świadczeń zaopatrujących związanych z wytwarzaniem biomasy użytkowej przez agroekosystemy można dokonać przy użyciu map glebowo-rolniczych (MG-R) oraz ewidencji gruntów i budynków (EGiB). Oba opracowania uwzględniają różne systemy klasyfikacji jakości gleb, stąd niezbędne jest określenie wskaźników przeliczeniowych dla uzyskania porównywalności wyników. Celem badań było opracowanie wskaźników przeliczeniowych plonów normatywnych zbóż podstawowych i siana łąkowego, obliczonych na podstawie danych z EGiB i MG-R dla użytków rolnych gminy Krajenka. Wypracowane współczynniki dają możliwość dwukierunkowej transformacji rezultatów kwantyfikacji analizowanych świadczeń ekosystemów.

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Milipede (Diplopoda) communities in agricultural landscape: influence of management form

Stašiov S., Hazuchová L., Vician V., Kočík K., Svitok M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2014

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Vol. 62, nr 3

587--598

EN

Currently, the alternative forms of management are increasingly applied in agriculture. Although their less negative impact on environment is generally supposed, there is still a lack of a reliable data about their real favourability for the abundance and diversity of soil invertebrates, including millipedes. Therefore, the aim of our study was to find out, whether the form of agricultural management affects the structure of millipede communities and hence, the performance of their functions in soil ecosystems. The research was carried out using pitfall trapping through growing seasons 2005 to 2007 on the model territory of Agricultural Cooperative (AC) Očová (Central Slovakia). Millipedes were captured at four pairs of sites (8 sites in total). The same cultivated crop (wheat, barley, alfalfa or permanent law) with application of two different forms of agricultural management (conventional form and sustainable form with basic sustainable agro-environmental scheme) was characteristic of each pair of sites. The research results disclosed that the management form plays a significant role, especially in such agrocoenoses, in which the same crop is cultivated for several years (e.g. sites with alfalfa or permanent lawn), i.e., on the sites without ploughing or other similar agrotechnical measures. In these cases, the sites with the sustainable agro-environmental scheme had higher species richness (8 and 9 species) and higher total abundance of millipede communities (2.2 and 5.7 ind. collected per one day and one trap) than the sites with the conventional form of agrotechnical management (5 and 5 species, 0.09 and 0.3 ind. collected per one day and one trap). In order to obtain a more detailed knowledge about the impact of agricultural management forms on millipede communities, this kind of research should be carried out in different conditions (other crops, soil conditions, climate zones, etc.) as well.

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Opracowanie modelu agroekosystemu z uwzględnieniem ożywionych i nieożywionych składników gleby

Chigarev Y., Dawidowski J. B., Nowowiejski R.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

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2005

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R. 9, nr 3

111--118

PL

Artykuł przedstawia opis matematyczny określania energii dżdżownic z uwzględnieniem energii urządzeń techniki rolniczej oddziaływujących na glebę. W wyniku otrzymano wzory łączące siły przemieszczania się dżdżownicy z właściwościami gleby oraz siłami oddziaływującymi na glebę.

EN

The paper presents a mathematical description defining earthworms’ energy considering energy of the agricultural implements operating in soil. As result, equations connecting moving forces of earthworms with soil properties and forces exerted upon soil were described.

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Assessment of impact of irrigation waters polluted by heavy metals upon soils state and forage quality

Mazhaysky Y. A., Lyapkalo A. A., Dorokhina O E

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2005

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Nr 11

168--169