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Effect of different methods of treatment of municipal sewage sludge on their physicochemical properties and their agricultural utilization

Malinowska E., Jankowski K., Wiśniewska-Kadżajan B., Sosnowski J., Kolczarek R.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 16, nr 2

76--81

EN

In the study the physicochemical properties of selected municipal sewage sludge were compared using the reports on waste generation from the years 2007–2012 in the Mazovia voivodship. The selection was done on the basis of different methods of sludge processing and the number of equivalent inhabitants (NEJ) supported by sewage. Physical and chemical properties of municipal sewage sludge were significantly dependent on the method of purification and treatment methods. These sludges were characterized by a high content of organic matter and macronutrients. The amount of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Hg and Zn) were within acceptable standards for municipal sewage sludge used in agriculture. Municipal sewage sludge treated by biological method with higher nutrients removal did not create bacteriological danger and were used in agriculture, generally to the cultivation of all agricultural products. Sewage sludge sanitized with lime and subjected to anaerobic digestion did not meet bacteriological standards, which eliminated their use in agriculture.

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The effect of bottom sediment supplement on changes of soil properties and on the chemical composition of plants

Tarnawski M., Baran A., Koniarz T.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2015

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Vol. 41, no. 3

285--292

EN

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of bottom sediments on the selected properties of light soil as well as the content of trace elements in tested plants. The bottom sediments collected from the Besko reservoir were added to the soil in an amount of 5%, 10%, 30% and 50% of air-dried sediment, in relation to dry soil mass. The pot experiment was conducted on a light soil, with weak loamy sand grain size composition and slightly acid reaction, which was enriched with a supplement of bottom sediment. The test plant was a maize, Bora c.v. An applied bottom deposit revealed in its composition a considerable content of clay fractions, alkaline reaction and low total heavy metal content. Therefore, it may be applied as an admixture to light soils to improve their productivity. The addition of sediment to light soil resulted in the improvement of acidification in soil indicators: increased soil pH and reduced value of hydrolytic acidity, as well as improved sorption properties. A non-uniform effect of bottom sediment admixture on the content of trace elements in maize was determined. The sediment added to the soil increased the content of copper, nickel, chromium and, decreased the contents of zinc and cadmium in shoots. We did not find any excess of the permissible content of metals in plants used as animals forage in the maize biomass.

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Issues of biological and agricultural treatment of municipal sewage sludge

Urbaniak M., Wyrwicka A., Kiedrzyńska E., Staniak S., Gałązka A., Tołoczko W., Siebielec G.

Acta Innovations

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2014

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no. 12

35--47

EN

Increase of sewage sludge production in Poland requires undertaking specific methods for their utilization and disposal. The reason is that sewage sludge, in addition to being rich in organic matter, and biogenic compounds such as nitrogen and phosphorus, which are beneficial from an agricultural point of view, also contain heavy metals, toxic organic pollutants such as persistent organic pollutants and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, inorganic compounds such as silicates and clay, and pathogenic bacteria and other microbial contaminants. This implies problems with further use of such polluted sludge as fertilizer in agriculture. The aim of this paper is to analyze the possibilities and limitations of natural management of sewage sludge, taking into account their effects on the restoration and conservation of organic matter in the soil and the yielding of plants. In addition, the main methods of treatment of polluted sludge before introducing it into the environment are considered.

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Techniczno-ekonomiczne uwarunkowania budowy i eksploatacji zbiorników do magazynowania płynnych odchodów zwierzęcych

Stężała S., Chróstowski M., Wieczorek S

Problemy Inżynierii Rolniczej

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2004

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R. 12, nr 2

101--112

PL

Zaproponowano techniczno-ekonomiczne kryteria umożliwiające dobór zbiorników do magazynowania gnojówki i gnojowicy, dostosowanych do technologicznych potrzeb potencjalnego użytkownika. Stosując ww. kryteria przeprowadzono analizę techniczno-ekonomiczną czterech typów zbiorników (o różnej pojemności), wyznaczając koszty ich budowy oraz koszty eksploatacji. Ustalono, że poważną część kosztów eksploatacji stanowią koszty urządzeń mieszająco-pompujących, które w przypadku analizowanych zbiorników osiągają 36-52% całkowitych kosztów budowy ww. zbiorników.

EN

Technical and economic criteria were proposed which enable to choose the storage tanks for slurry and liquid manure, well-fitting to technological requirements of a potential user. On the basis of technical-economic criteria four types of different capacity tanks were analysed the costs of their building and axploitation were determined. It was found that considerable part of exploitation costs make the inputs on mixing-pumping facilities; in the case of analysed tanks the share of mixing-pumping equipment reached 36-52% of total building costs.

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Charakter osadów ściekowych z województwa podlaskiego oraz możliwości ich nieprzemysłowego wykorzystania

Boruszko D., Dąbrowski W., Margiel L.

Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska

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2000

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T. 3, nr 1/2

27-35

PL

W 1998 roku autorzy zrealizowali projekt pt. Bilans osadów oraz koncepcje ich zagospodarowania w oczyszczalniach ścieków województwa białostockiego. W 1999 roku projekt rozszerzono ze względu na reformę administracyjną, analizie poddano 86 miejskich, gminnych oraz przemysłowych oczyszczalni, zlokalizowanych na terenie województwa podlaskiego. Realizując przedsięwzięcie, autorzy skoncentrowali się na konieczności zmiany podejścia do finalnego wykorzystania osadów ściekowych. Wykonane badania, obejmujące określenie zawartości metali ciężkich, wybranych wartości nawozowych i stanu sanitarnego, jednoznacznie wskazują, iż w zdecydowanej większości analizowane osady po przetworzeniu powinny wracać do środowiska naturalnego.

EN

The papaer presents results of researches on sewage sludge characteristic. Eighty six municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants located in the north-eastern part of Poland were checked. Such parameters as the content of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cr), biogenic compounds (N, P) and hydration were described. Obtained results showed that according to the present Polish legislation sewage sludge generated in wastewater treatment plants (Podlaskie Province) should be recycled to the natural environment as a fertiliser for example.

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Akumlacja metali ciężkich w roślinach i glebie w warunkach rolniczej utylizacji osadów ściekowych z północno-wschodniej Polski i dużych aglomeracji miejskich. Cz. 1. Chemiczna charakterystyka osadów ściekowych i gleby

Haneklaus S., Harms H., Nowak G., Schnug E., Wierzbowska J.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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1998

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Vol. 5, nr 11

973-984

PL

W 20-miesięcznym doświadczeniu wazonowym porównywano możliwość akumulacji Fe, Mn, Cu i Zn w glebie oraz działanie na produkcję biomasy roślin osadów ściekowych pobranych z 13 oczyszczalni, w których wydzielono dwie grupy (serie): pochodzące z terenów północno-wschodniej Polski (uznanych za ekologicznie czyste) i dużych aglomeracji miejsko-przemysłowych. Do gleby w wazonach wniesiono jednakowe ilości w przeliczeniu na suchą masę osadów, która odpowiadaa 75 Mg [wzór], a następnie uprawiano kolejno po sobie: burak liściowy, sałatę, szpinak, rzodkiewk, cebulę, burak ćwikłowy oraz koper. Zawartość Fe, Mn, Cu i Zn w osadach ściekowych, glebie przed doświadczeniem oraz po zbiorze pierwszej i ostatniej rośliny oznaczono metodą spektroflurymetrii rentgenowskiej. Badania wykazały, że pośród badanych osadów ściekowych 5 zawierało ponadnormatywną koncentracj metali ciężkich, a mianowicie z: Katowic (Pb, Cd, Cr i Ni), Warszawy (Cd, Cr, Ni), Gdańska (Cd), Ostródy (Cd, Ni) i Zalewa (Cr). Osady pochodzące z oczyszczalni na terenie dużych aglomeracji miejskich zawierały średnio ok. 3-krotnie więcej ołowiu i niklu, 7-krotnie chromu i niemal 13-krotnie kadmu w porównaniu do północno-wschodniej Polski.

EN

During 20 months pot trial the possibility of some heavy metals accumulation (Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni) was studied as well as effects on crops biomass of an application sewage sludges sampled from 13 sewage treatment plants. Sludges were studied in two experimental series: first originated from north-eastern Poland (regarded as ecologically clean) and second from big Polish cities. The same amount of sewage sludge expressed in dry matter (75 Mg of DM per ha) was inroduced to the soil and following vegetable crops were grown: chard, spinach, lettuce, small redish, onion, red beet and dill. Concentrations of studied metals were determined in sewage sludges, soil before experiment and after harvesting of the first and the last crop using x-ray spectrofluorimeter. Our studies have shown that among analysed sewage sludges samples five of them contained above limit concenration of heavy metals e.g.: Katowice (Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni), Warszawa (Cd, Cr, Ni), Gdask (Cd), Ostrda (Cd, Ni) and Zalewo (Cr). Sludges originated from sewage treatment plants of big Polish cities contained 3 fold more lead and nickel, 7 fold more chromium and almost 13 fold more cadmium compared to north eastern Poland. Introduction of sewage sludges to soil caused increase of concentration of all studied heavy metals. Compared to level of pollution of these elements in soil in series of noth-eastern Poland with series of big Polish cities was increased by 15-25%. After 20 months of studies heavy metals accumulation in the soil was only slightly modified. In a majority of cases tendency towards decrease was clearly seen. In terms of total biomass production sludges from two experimental series showed the similiar effects.