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Podatek rolny jako narzędzie badania przemian struktury agrarnej – studium przypadku gminy Brzuze

Wiśniewski Ł., Rudnicki R.

Biuletyn Komitetu Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania Kraju PAN

2016

No 262

35--50

Modernizacja polskiego rolnictwa w znacznej mierze zależy od przemian struktury agrarnej [Rudnicki 2001; Rudnicki et al. 2002]. Przekształcenia te obejmują strukturę własnościową (proces prywatyzacji ziemi) oraz strukturę obszarową (proces koncentracji ziemi). Cechy te – w warunkach polskiej przestrzeni charakteryzującej się rozdrobnieniem oraz przeludnieniem agrarnym – stanowią najbardziej wadliwy segment rolnictwa [Bański, Stola 2002; Głębocki 2005]. Ze względu na silne oddziaływanie powyższych parametrów na pozostałe cechy wewnętrzne (organizacyjno-techniczne, produkcyjne, strukturalne, społeczne) warunkiem nieodzownym w procesie rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego obszarów wiejskich oraz podnoszenia dochodów rodzin rolniczych jest poprawa przeciętnej powierzchni indywidualnego gospodarstwa rolnego.

The article is an attempt at the analysis of changes in the agricultural structure of the rural municipality (commune) of Brzuze, Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship, Poland. It includes changes in the size distribution of agricultural holdings, which are categorised into six area groups. The examination of the ownership structure regards the land under ownership of residents of other administrative units (i.e. beyond the boundaries of the village where their land is situated). For the purposes of the study the data on farm tax as of 1995 and 2014 were used. Upon the analysis it has been concluded that there is an advancing process of agrarian fragmentation caused by a growing number of agricultural holdings (rise from 761 to 865) with a simultaneous decrease in their acreage (fall from 7,333 ha to 6,967 ha), which results in the shrinkage of their average acreage (decline from 9.6 ha to 8.1 ha). It has been demonstrated that over 25% of the total area of the taxable land within the commune under analysis belong to people who do not live in the village of land location. Granted that, the following categorisation has been suggested, whereby the land is owned by residents of: another village within the commune (11.7% of the total acreage of the land at issue); another commune within the poviat (16.7%), another poviat within the voivodeship (26.1%); and another voivodeship (45.5%). The results were presented in a cartographic form (commune divided into villages). The processes taking place in the studied unit weaken its agricultural function, which is taken over by the largest agricultural holdings (in acreage above 15 ha). What is the major cause of these changes is the growing tourist function of the commune

The analysis of planning possibilities of rural management works as examplified by the Kozłów commune

Szafrańska B.

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

2014

no. 2

66--74

Rural management works are carried out for the purpose of creating more favourable conditions for management and use of agriculture areas. The activities are fundamental to comprehensive development of a village, farm and the protection and maintenance of natural environment. The principal goal of these works is the improvement and development of the structure of rural areas. The paper indicates priority areas for planning of rural management works and especially for land consolidation works. The research was based on The programme of rural management works in the Kozłów commune [Program prac urządzeniowo-rolnych... 2011] and on geodesic and planning materials. Combination of various kinds of data obtained at District and Voivodeship offices of geodesy and cartography and their appropriate analysis have proved effective in identification of areas in the Kozłów commune most urgently requiring the improvement of the use and ownership structure of lands and in defining the areas where the current land use structure should be transformed. The condition of reasonable planning of rural management works, leading to an indication of priority areas for this kind of activities are - on the level of voivodeships - the consistent and synchronized spatial databases founded on the land and property register. The analysis of geographic, natural, environmental, socio-economic, demographic conditions and of cartographic documents with the use of GIS tools led to the identification of three precincts: Przybysławice, Bryzdzyn and Wierzbica, urgently requiring rural management works.