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Wpływ stosowanych praktyk rolniczych na dopływ wód podziemnych oraz azotanów do Zatoki Puckiej

Potrykus Dawid

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2024

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Vol. 72, nr 1

15--25

EN

Eutrophication of marine baśni associated with submarine groundwater discharge is currently one of the most important challenges in modern coastal hydrogeology, and is classified as a serious global environmental problem. Aparticular source of groundwater pollution is agricultural activity, which is commonly carried out in the coastal zone. Research was conducted on arepresentative part of the Bay of Puck watershed, dominated by agriculturall anduse. The geological setting of the study area is heterogeneous, which has a significant influence on groundwater flow and occurrence in the multi-aquifer hydrosystem, draining into Puck Bay. The impact of agricultural practices on groundwater and nitrate discharge to the Puck Bay was determined, byan integrated modeling approach, developed using combination of the SWAT, MODFLOW-NWT and MT3DMS codes. Spatial and seasonal variations of the N-NO3 load leached from the soil profile and the infiltration of precipitation are convergent with observed trends in the discharge of groundwater and N-NO3 loads into Puck Bay. The simulations show that 1,355.13 m3/h of ground- waterand1.87kg/h (16. 4 t/year) of N-NO3 loadare discharged into Puck Bay from the aquifers analyzed, the majority of which comes froman upper aquifer. The distribution of the values as determined was found to be influenced by agricultural practices, resulting from changes in crop structure, fertilizer management, cultivation methods and grazing.

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Changes of Ortolan Bunting (Emberiza hortulana L.) Habitats and Implications for the Species Presence in SE Moravia, Czech Republic

Skokanová H., Havlíček M., Unar P., Janík D., Šimeček K.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2016

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Vol. 64, nr 1

98--112

EN

The study focuses on the changes of Ortolan Bunting (Emberizia hortulana L.) habitats, which occurred during the last 20 years, and the implications of these changes for the presence of the species population in south-eastern Moravia, Czech Republic. The research was based on aerial photographs and field work. We have identified habitats that were favoured by Ortolan Bunting in the study area on the basis of expert knowledge and by spatial analysis. We found that these habitats experienced statistically significant decline in their area. The decline was steeper in the region where Ortolan Bunting occurred only in the 1990s and was smaller in the region where the bird was present from late 1990s till 2012. However, our analyses did not confirm direct relationship between the habitat changes and the decline of Ortolan Bunting population, i.e. we did not find that decline of favourable habitat significantly affected decline of the species population. The main reasons for the decrease of favourable habitats in the study area are changes in agricultural practices, especially spread of mechanisation that have caused an increase in the size of fields and a drastic reduction of groups of trees and solitary trees. Additionally, widespread grassing of vineyards and other plots as a result of integrated and organic farming contributed to the decrease of favourable habitats. Practices in the form of planting new trees and leaving parts of managed land bare to be used for mitigating the decline of the bird population were discussed.

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Plonowanie pszenicy jarej w uprawie ekologicznej w zależności od poziomu agrotechniki

Jończyk K., Feledyn-Szewczyk B.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2011

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Vol. 56, nr 3

171-174

PL

W latach 2009-2010 przeprowadzono badania, których celem była ocena plonowania wybranych odmian pszenicy jarej uprawianych na dwóch poziomach agrotechniki. Oceniane zabiegi różniły się stosowaniem nawożenia naturalnego i intensywnością pielęgnacji. Badania prowadzono w gospodarstwie ekologicznym IUNG - PIB w Grabowie (woj. mazowieckie). Zakres analiz obejmował plon ziarna i cechy jego struktury oraz zachwaszczenie. Pszenica jara w obiekcie z intensywną agrotechniką w porównaniu z jednokrotną pielęgnacją plonowała wyżej, o 14% w 2009 r. i o 9% w 2010 r. Efekt ten uzyskano dzięki lepszym parametrom struktury plonu, głównie obsady kłosów. W badaniach nie stwierdzono jednoznacznego wpływu stosowanych zabiegów agrotechnicznych na zachwaszczenie pszenicy jarej.

EN

The aim of the research carried out in 2009-2010 was to assess the yield of selected spring wheat cultivars grown in the organic system at two levels of agricultural practices. Applied practices differed in fertilization and intensity of harrowing. The study was conducted in the organic farm of IUNG-PIB in Grabów (Masovian voivodeship). The scope of analysis included the determination of grain yield and characteristics of its structure as well as number and dry matter of weeds. Spring wheat in the object with intensive agricultural practices yielded higher compared with one-harrowing object, depending on the year by 9-14%. This was achieved through better yield structure parameters, especially the density of ears. The studies found no clear effect of applied agricultural measures on weed infestation of spring wheat.

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Interactions Between Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Soils and Populations of Bacteria Fixing Atmospheric Nitrogen

Martyniuk S., Oroń J.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2009

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Vol. 16, nr 7

815-819

EN

Population densities of bacteria from the genus Azotobacter strongly depend on soil reaction. These bacteria are usually absent in acid soils (pH below 6). Our studies have shown that among the researched soil physical and chemical characteristics, mechanical soil structure (particularly clay content) and soil reaction have the greatest influence on numbers of the symbiotic bacteria in the soils. Symbionts of red clover and alfalfa were usually more abundant in soil richer in clay and having pH about 7. On the contrary, such soils are not conducive for lupine and serradella symbionts.

PL

Liczebność populacji bakterii z rodzaju Azotobacter w glebie uzależniona jest przed wszystkim od odczynu środowiska glebowego. Bakterie te na ogół nie występują w glebach o odczynie kwaśnym (poniżej pH 6,0). Przedstawione badania wykazały, że spośród analizowanych właściwości fizycznych i chemicznych gleb, skład granulometryczny, a zwłaszcza zawartość części spławianych, oraz odczyn gleb mają największy wpływ na liczebności glebowych populacji bakterii symbiotycznych (brodawkowych). Symbionty koniczyny i lucerny są na ogół liczniejsze w glebach zwięźlejszych i odczynie obojętnym lub zbliżonym do obojętnego, natomiast takie gleby nie sprzyjają symbiontom łubinu i seradeli.