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Corpse carrying in ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) : behavioural side effect of aggressive arousual or competitive signaling?

Czechowski W., Marko B., Godzińska E.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2009

Vol. 57, nr 2

341-352

Some literature reports show that ants use bodies of their dead nestmates and other insect remains in conflict situations. The paper describes such phenomenon in a Formica rufa L. colony brought into conflict with a F. cinerea Mayr colony when the former tried to extend its own territory at the expense of the latter. A territorially stable F. rufa colony, neighbouring the same F. cinerea colony, served as control. Workers of the expansive F. rufa colony were repeatedly observed to carry numerous ant corpses, empty pupal cocoons and insect leftovers from their nest to the place of confrontation with F. cinerea, on a much bigger scale than workers of the stable F. rufa colony. Corpse-carrying intensity was not correlated with the general activity level of foragers which suggests that corpse carriers could be a separate task group. Workers of a small colony of F. cinerea were also observed to surround their nest entrance with corpses of their nestmates and prey remains, taken out from inside the nest, in response to intensified traffic of workers of F. rufa in the vicinity of their nest. These results are discussed in the context of a possible interrelation between ant aggressive behaviour and transport behaviour. Two hypotheses are proposed to explain the observed phenomenon: (1) explaining it as a by-product of the aggressive arousal of workers, and (2) ascribing to it a possible signalling function in conflict situations.

Społeczne skutki agresji na drogach

Bąk D.

Transport Samochodowy

2005

z. 3

13--28

Na całym świecie obserwuje się wciąż rosnące w szybkim tempie zjawisko agresji drogowej. W artykule przedstawiono różnorodne badania nad zachowaniami agresywnymi kierowców, zarówno kobiet jak i mężczyzn. Wyniki analiz opierają się na wielu klasyfikacjach i definicjach agresji. Artykuł ten pokazuje także przyczyny i mechanizmy powstawania agresji. Każde społeczeństwo niezaprzeczalnie odczuwa skutki agresji i wściekłości drogowej powodowanej czynnikami zewnętrznymi i cechami indywidualnymi kierowcy. Istotne są działania, które pomagają kierowcom uświadamiać sobie własne stany emocjonalne, możliwości oraz ograniczenia. Opisywany problem dotyczy także konieczności prowadzenia wielorakich kampanii na rzecz podnoszenia kultury jazdy i bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego w Polsce.

We can observe phenomenon of a continually growing road aggression all around the world. Varied types of research programs were introduced in current article devoted for aggressive attitude of a driver for both man and woman. Analyses results were based on several classification and definitions of an aggression. Development mechanism of a road aggression was also indicated in this article. Each society undeniably suffers from road aggression or road rage caused by external factors combined with a driver individual ability and traits. The most important activities are those which helps drivers to be aware of own emotional state for best estimation of possibilities and limitations. Described problem concerns need for variety of campaigns concetrated on drivers behavior and road safety in Poland that should be initiate.