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A model based study of a quantitative relation between joint strengthening and the highest achievable speed of human walking

Farizeh T., Sadigh M. J.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

2015

Vol. 35, no. 4

328--341

There is a common belief that muscle strengthening would enhance the capability of fast walking, but the specific impact of different joint's strength on walking speed and the quantitative relation between them is not well explored. While the majority of the previous works in this area are based on experimental methods, it would be very expensive and time consuming to conduct as much experiment as necessary to establish such a quantitative relation. In the current research, instead of experimental methods, a mathematical framework is utilized to solve this problem. The objective of this paper is to briefly introduce this framework and present the obtained results based on that, for the mentioned relation. To achieve the objective of this paper, the highest achievable speed in sagittal plane with normal joint strength was first determined in the mathematical framework for three age groups. Afterward, the highest achievable speed was calculated for different levels of ankle, knee, and hip strength by changing the strength level in the mathematical model in all the studied groups. The results supported the crucial role of plantar flexors in all ages. It was shown that ankle strengthening up to certain critical value affected the speed significantly; whereas increasing the knee and hip strength may only facilitate fast walking without considerable effect on the speed value. Moreover, the critical level of ankle strengthening decreased with age increment. The attained results could be utilized in planning comprehensive joint strengthening exercises in sports and rehabilitation of subjects with lower limb disabilities.

The Relationship Between the Levels of Stress and the Age and Years of Service of Military Firefighters From the Fire Rescue Corps of the Metropolitan Area of the State of Sao Paulo

de Oliveira R. S., de Barros Neto T. L., da Silva A. A., Grandi J. L., Menezes I. B. S.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

2012

Vol. 18, No. 4

579--586

Purpose. To verify the relationship between stress indicators and the age and years of service of military firefighters from the fire rescue corps of the metropolitan area of the state of Sao Paulo. Methods. Forty military firefighters with the mean age of 37.9 ± 5.4 years, from the 1st, 2nd and 8th fire brigades of the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo participated in this study. All underwent clinical, physical and psychological evaluations to verify the relationship between the age and years of service with the variables of levels of stress (tension, depression, anger, vigor, fatigue, confusion and total stress) on workdays and on days off. Results. On workdays, the mean scores for tension, depression, fatigue and stress were overall higher compared to those on days off. The older the firefighter, the higher the levels of stress, depression, anger and total stress. The more years of service, the greater the depression and anger. Conclusions. The levels of stress were high on workdays. Chronological age and years of service influenced the increase in the scores of stress.