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1

Patterns of relationship between PM10 from air monitoring quality station and AOT data from MODIS sensor onboard of Terra satellite

Suriya Winai, Chunpang Poramate, Laosuwan Teerawong

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2021

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Vol. 30, No. 2

236--249

EN

Thailand, especially in the northern region, often encounters the problem of having PM10 exceeding the normal standard level, which could do harm to people’s health. Mostly, such problem is caused by the burning of forest area and open area; this is clearly seen during January–April of every year. Also, the problem as mentioned is caused by the meteorological conditions and the terrains in the northern region that make it easy for PM10 to be accumulated. The aim of this study was to analyze the patterns of relationship between PM10 measured from the ground monitoring station and AOT data received from MODIS sensor onboard of Terra satellite in Phrae Province located in the northern region of Thailand. The method performed was by analyzing the correlation between PM10 data obtained from the ground monitoring station and the AOT data received from the MODIS sensor onboard of Terra satellite during January–April 2018. It was found from the study that the change of the intensity of PM10 and AOT in the climate was highly related; it appeared that the correlation coefficient (r) in January–April was 0.92, 0.91, 0.91 and 0.92, respectively. This research pointed out that during February– –April, the areas of Phrae Province had the level of PM10 that affected health. Besides, from the method in this research, it revealed AOT data received from MODIS sensor onboard of Terra satellite could be applied in order to follow up, monitor, and notify the spatial changes of PM10 efficiently.

2

The Long-Term (1964-2014) Variability of Aerosol Optical Thickness and its Impact on Solar Irradiance Based on the Data Taken at Belsk, Poland

Posyniak M., Szkop A., Pietruczuk A., Podgórski J., Krzyścin J.

Acta Geophysica

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2016

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Vol. 64, no. 5

1858--1874

EN

Measurements of the Linke turbidity factor (LTF) were performed at Belsk (20.78°E, 51.83°N), Poland, since 1964. This data is used to retrieve broadband aerosol optical thickness normalized to the air mass equal to 2 (BAOT2). A linear analysis of the BAOT2 changes reveals an upward trend of 0.023±0.017(2σ) in the 1964-1975 period, a downward trend of –0.051±0.017(2σ) in the 1976-1991 period, and afterwards a statistically insignificant trend of –0.009 ± 0.014(2σ). Such pattern may be related to the economic changes in Poland (changing emissions and environmental policies). The elevated BAOT2 values, excluded from the trend, are found in 1984 and 1992 due to the volcanic eruptions of El Chichon and Mt. Pinatubo, respectively. Past AOT values at 340 and 500 nm are reconstructed using a linear relationship found between AOT and BAOT2. The reconstructed data is used by the radiative transfer models to estimate a response of the total solar and erythemal radiation to the changes in the atmospheric aerosols at Belsk.

3

Study of vertical structure of aerosol optical properties with sun photometers and ceilometer during the MACRON campaign in 2007

Markowicz K., Zieliński T., Blindheim S., Gausa M., Jagodnicka A., Kardas A., Kumala W., Malinowski S., Petelski T., Posyniak M.

Acta Geophysica

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2012

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Vol. 60, no. 5

1308-1337

EN

This paper presents the measurements of a vertical structure of aerosol optical properties performed during the MACRON (Maritime Aerosol, Clouds and Radiation Observation in Norway) campaign, which took place in July and August 2007 at ALOMAR observatory on And?ya island (69.279 °N, 16.009 °E, elevation 380 m a.s.l.). The mean value of the aerosol optical thickness (AOT) at 500 nm during campaign was 0.12. Significant increase of the AOT above longtime mean value was observed on 7 and 8 August 2007 when the AOT exceeded 0.4 at 500 nm. Analyses of back trajectories show the aerosol transported from over Africa and Central Europe. The aerosol extinction coefficient obtained from the synergy of ceilometer and sun photometer observations reached 0.05-0.08 km-1 (at 1064 nm) in the dust layer. The single scattering albedo at the ALOMAR observatory decreased during the dust episode to 0.93-0.94, which indicates some absorptive aerosols in the lower PBL.

4

Seasonal variability in the optical properties of Baltic aerosols

Zdun A., Rozwadowska A., Kratzer S.

Oceanologia

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2011

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No. 53 (1)

7-34

EN

A five-year dataset of spectral aerosol optical thickness was used to analyse the seasonal variability of aerosol optical properties (the aerosol optical thickness (AOT) at wavelength λ=500 nm, AOT(500) and the Angström exponent for the 440-870 nm spectral range, α(440, 870)) over the Baltic Sea and dependence of these optical properties on meteorological factors (wind direction, wind speed and relative humidity). The data from the Gotland station of the global radiometric network AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network, http://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov) were taken to be representative of the Baltic Sea conditions. Meteorological observations from Farosund were also analysed. Analysis of the data from 1999 to 2003 revealed a strong seasonal cycle in AOT(500) and α(440, 870). Two maxima of monthly mean values of AOT(500) over the Baltic were observed. In April, an increase in the monthly mean aerosol optical thickness over Gotland most probably resulted from agricultural waste straw burning, mainly in northern Europe and Russia as well as in the Baltic states, Ukraine and Belarus. During July and August, the aerosol optical thickness was affected by uncontrolled fires (biomass burning). There was a local minimum of AOT(500) in June. Wind direction, a local meteorological parameter strongly related to air mass advection, is the main meteorological factor influencing the variability of aerosol optical properties in each season. The highest mean values of AOT(500) and α(440, 870) occurred with easterly winds in both spring and summer, but with southerly winds in autumn

5

Obserwacje pyłu wulkanicznego nad Polską w kwietniu 2010 roku

Markowicz K.M., Zawadzka O., Stachlewska I.S.

Przegląd Geofizyczny

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2010

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Z. 3-4

119-143

PL

Celem pracy jest analiza napływu pyłu wulkanicznego nad obszar Polski w połowie kwietnia 2010 r. Wybuch wulkanu Eyjafjoll na Islandii 14 kwietnia spowodował emisję pyłów i gazów do atmosfery, które przesuwały się w kierunku zachodniej i środkowej części Europy. Analiza trajektorii wstecznych pokazała, że pył wulkaniczny pojawił się nad Polską 16 kwietnia. Potwierdziły to obrazy satelitarne wykonane z kompozycji barwnej kanałów w obszarze widzialnym, środkowej oraz dalekiej podczerwieni. Badania własności optycznych pyłów wulkanicznych przeprowadzono w Laboratorium Transferu Radiacyjnego Instytutu Geofizyki UW w Warszawie oraz na Stacji Transferu Radiacyjnego SolarAOT w Strzyżowie na Podkarpaciu. Pomiary prowadzone przy użyciu ceilometru pokazały występowanie aerozolu wulkanicznego w postaci 2-3 warstw do wysokości ok. 5 km nad powierzchnią ziemi. Wyznaczony na podstawie tych pomiarów współczynnik ekstynkcji aerozolu wynosił maksymalnie 0,02-0,03 km-1 (nad ranem 17 kwietnia) dla długości fali 1064 nm. Na ogół jednak przyjmował on znacznie niższe wartości. Obliczona na podstawie profilu ekstynkcji grubość optyczna pyłu wulkanicznego była również niska. Jedynie nad ranem 17 kwietnia osiągała wartości 0,03 w 1064 nm. Niewielkie zawartości pyłu wulkanicznego w pionowej kolumnie atmosfery potwierdzają również pomiary fotometrami słonecznymi w Warszawie i Strzyżowie. W okresie od 17 do 18 kwietnia notowano małe wartość całkowitej grubość optycznej aerozolu, mieszczące się w przedziale 0,11-0,16 (dla 500 nm), podczas gdy średnia klimatyczna wartość grubość optycznej aerozolu w kwietniu wynosi ok. 0,25.

EN

Optical properties of a volcanic aerosol obtained by direct observations from Radiation Transfer Observatory at the Institute of Geophysics University of Warsaw and Aerosol and Radiation Observatory SolarAOT in Strzyżów (south eastern part of Poland) together with Meteosat Second Generation observations are discussed. Aerosol optical properties measured by the Multi-Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (Model MFR-7), Microtops sun photometer, and CHM-15K ceilometer between 14 and 23 April 2010 are investigated . Back-trajectories calculated for 16 and 17 April show advection of air masses from Iceland in the lower and the middle troposphere. Satellite observations performed by the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) instrument onboard of the MSG2 confirmed ash over Poland. Unfortunately, cloudy conditions during this day prevented remote observations of the atmosphere's optical properties from the ground. However, surface observations performed on 17 April by the ceilometer indicate volcanic ash layers. At around midnight first ash layer appeared at 5 km. One hour later the second layer between 3 and 4 km was observed. An aerosol layer between 0.5 and 2 km was also measured, however it is difficult to determine the type of remotely sensed particles. After sunset very weak ash clouds were recorded between top of the boundary layer and 4 km. During the day those ash layers were not measured, probably due to a poor signal to noise ratio of the ceilometer's signal. Extinction coefficient for volcanic ash was estimated as 0.02-0.03 km-1 and aero-sol optical thickness was calculated about 0.03 at 1064 nm. Sun photometers' observations at both stations show small total aerosol optical thickness which varies between 0.11 and 0.16 (at 500 nm) during 17 and 18 April 2010. However, the mean aerosol optical thickness for April is about 0.25.

6

Variability in aerosol optical properties at Hornsund, Spitsbergen

Rozwadowska A., Sobolewski P.

Oceanologia

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2010

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No. 52 (4)

599-620

EN

Spectra of the aerosol optical thickness from the AERONET station at Hornsund in 2005-2008 were employed to study the interseasonal and intraseasonal variability in aerosol optical thickness for λ=500 nm (AOT(500)) and the Angström exponent in the southern part of Spitsbergen in spring and summer. The dependences of aerosol optical properties on long-range transport and local meteorological conditions, i.e. wind direction and speed and humidity, were analysed. Backward trajectories computed by means of NOAA HYSPLIT model (Draxler & Rolph 2003) were used to trace the air mass history. The mean values of AOT(500) for spring and summer were 0.110 ± 0.007 (mean and standard deviation of the mean) and 0.048 ± 0.003 respectively. The average values of the Angström exponent do not differ and take respective values of 1.44 ± 0.03 and 1.45 ± 0.03. In both seasons, the highest AOT(500) cases (the highest 20% of AOT values) can be explained by long-range transport from Europe, Asia (spring and summer) and North America (summer). In summer, the impact of distant sources on AOT is strongly modified by cleansing processes en route to Hornsund. Local meteorological conditions at the station are of secondary importance as regards the intraseasonal variability of aerosol optical properties in the southern part of Spitsbergen.

7

Measurement of aerosol optical thickness over the Atlantic Ocean and in West Antarctica, 2006-2007

Posyniak M., Markowicz K.

Acta Geophysica

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2009

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Vol. 57, no. 2

494-508

EN

In this paper, optical measurements of aerosol properties made during a ship cruise from Poland to Antarctic Station in September and October 2006, and during the cruise back to Gdynia in April and May 2007 are described. A large gradient of pollution between the clear South Atlantic and the dusty North Atlantic was observed. The maximum of aerosol optical thickness at a wavelength of 500 nm reached 0.4 at 20°N in September 2006 and 0.3 at 40°N in May 2007, respectively. Strong Saharan dust transport is suggested as an explanation for the small values of Ångström exponent observed (values of 0.2 and 0.4 on these respective dates). On the Southern Hemisphere the aerosol optical thickness at 500 nm ranged from 0.05 to 0.2. Significant increases of the aerosol optical thickness were associated with strong wind and sea salt production. Good agreement was found when the in situ measurements of aerosol optical thickness were compared to satellite retrievals and modelling results.

8

Pomiary aerozolowe w Hornsundzie w trakcie XXIX Wyprawy Polarnej PAN

Rozwadowska A., Petelski T., Zieliński T.

Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej

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2008

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nr 18

161-170

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki pomiarów przeprowadzonych na stacji Hornsund podczas międzynarodowego eksperymentu ASTAR 2007 (Arctic Study of Tropospheric Aerosol, Clouds and Radiation). Stwierdzono, że zjawisko zamglenia arktycznego (ang. Arctic Haze) wystąpiło w czasie kampanii pomiarowej ASTAR 2007 na południowym Spitsbergenie tylko jednego dnia. Przypuszcza się, że ograniczenie wystąpienia zamglenia arktycznego na południowym Spitsbergenie wiosną 2007 roku może być spowodowane m.in. przesu-nięciem się na północ granicy zamarzania morza.

EN

Intensive measurement periods within the ASTAR Project were carried out in spring 2004 and 2007. Spring is the season in the Arctic when the so-called Arctic Haze phenomenon occurs. The ASTAR 2007 measurement period lasted from 28 March to 16 April. During the campaign at the station in Hornsund the following instruments were used: laser particle counter, sunphotometers, radiometers and pyranometers. Such instrumentation set-up facilitated the determination of the aerosol optical thickness, aerosol concentration and size distribution, upward and downward radiation fluxes. During the 2007 ASTAR campaign the Arctic Haze conditions were observed only one day in the southern Spitsbergen area. A hypothesis was set forth that due to higher up north shift of frozen sea surface areas marine aerosols may noticeably contribute to cleaning of the Arctic atmosphere.

9

Influence of aerosol vertical profile variability on retrievals of aerosol optical thickness from NOAA AVHRR measurements in the Baltic region

Rozwadowska A.

Oceanologia

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2007

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No. 49 (2)

165-184

EN

The expected influence of variability in atmospheric aerosol profiles on retrievals of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) from NOAA AVHRR measurements is analysed. In particular, the bias in the AOT retrieval due to the assumption of a climatological aerosol profile in the retrieval algorithm is studied. The bias is defined as the difference between AOT retrieved with an algorithm using a climatological aerosol profile, and the actual AOT employed in the calculations of radiances at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). The TOA radiances are simulated by means of the MODTRAN code for different aerosol profiles. Atmospheric conditions and solar and satellite angles used in the bias simulations are typical of the Baltic region. In the simulations, the maximum absolute value of the bias amounts to nearly 40% in channel 2 and 14% in channel 1 of AVHRR.

10

Seasonal changes of the aerosol optical thickness for the atmosphere over the Baltic Sea - preliminary results

Kuśmierczyk-Michulec J., Rozwadowska A.

Oceanologia

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1999

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No. 41 (2)

127-145

EN

A statistical analysis of the aerosol optical thickness and the Angstrom parameters derived from measurements of spectral solar radiation at the surface of the southern and western Baltic Sea is presented. The experimental data were collected on cloudless days during over 20 cruises from March to September within a 4-year period (1994-1998). The monthly and seasonal variability of the aerosol optical thickness for two wind direction sectors - northern sector 270o-N-90o and southern sector 90o-S-270o - is analysed.

11

Finding the aerosol optical thickness over the Baltic Sea - comparison of two methods

Rozwadowska A., Kuśmierczyk-Michulec J.

Oceanologia

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1998

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No. 40 (3)

165-182

EN

The results of two methods used to estimate the aerosol optical thickness over the Baltic Sea are compared. The standard method is based on measurements of the direct component of the downward irradiance at the sea surface in 8 spectral bands (412, 443, 490, 510, 555, 670, 765, 865 nm - the same as SeaWiFS). In the pyranometric method, Baltic aerosols are assumed to be a mixture of model aerosol types with strictly defined optical properties, i.e. maritime, continental and stratospheric types. Their proportion in the Baltic aerosol is found from broadband spectral downward irradiance measurements (VIS, IR) using the radiative transfer model. Simultaneous measurements of the spectral downward irradiance and its direct component on cloudless days in the southern Baltic were used in the comparison. The pyranometric method of estimating the aerosol optical thickness proved to be a satisfactory tool. Depending on the wavelength, the statistical errors in it are not in excess of plus_min.0.06 - 0.08.