Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Własności optyczne i radiacyjne aerozolu nad południowo-wschodnią Polską emitowanego podczas pożarów biomasy w Kalifornii we wrześniu 2020 roku

Markowicz Krzysztof M., Makuch Przemysław, Markowicz Jacek

Przegląd Geofizyczny

|

2021

|

Z. 3-4

209--225

PL

Celem pracy jest określenie własności optycznych i radiacyjnych aerozolu obserwowanego podczas transportu dalekiego zasięgu zanieczyszczeń wyemitowanych w Ameryce Północnej we wrześniu 2020 r. Badania zostały zrealizowane w oparciu o dane pomiarowe pozyskane z fotometru słonecznego, lidaru oraz radiometru słonecznego (pyranometru) w stacji badawczej SolarAOT w Strzyżowie na Podkarpaciu, a także w oparciu o wyniki symulacji modelem trajektorii wstecznych, modelem transferu radiacji i transportu zanieczyszczeń. Wyniki badań wskazują na obecność silnie rozpraszających warstw aerozolu w całej troposferze oraz w dolnej stratosferze (pod koniec okresu pomiarowego). Obecność aerozolu w dolnej stratosferze jest w ostatnich latach bardzo rzadko obserwowana. Mimo tego wartości aerozolowej grubości optycznej były poniżej średniej wieloletniej. Obecność aerozolu w atmosferze spowodowała redukcję promieniowania dochodzącego do powierzchni ziemi w godzinach południowych o około 32 W/m2. Wymuszanie radiacyjne aerozolu podczas bezchmurnych warunków wynosiło ok -9 W/m2 na powierzchni ziemi i -5,2 W/m2 na górnej granicy atmosfery. Oszacowane wartości efektywności wymuszania radiacyjnego w połączeniu z pomiarami albedo pojedynczego rozpraszania wskazują na napływ umiarkowanie absorbującego aerozolu.

EN

The aim of the study is to determine the optical and radiation properties of the aerosol observed during long-range transport of biomass burning pollution emitted in North America in September 2020. The research was carried out at SolarAOT research station in Strzyzow (south-eastern Poland) on the basis of measurement data obtained from a sun photometer, aerosol lidar and solar radiometer (pyranometer), as well as on the basis of simulation results with backtrajetories model, radiation transfer and aerosol transport model. The results indicate the presence of highly scattering aerosol layers throughout the troposphere and in the lower stratosphere (during the end of the measuring period). The presence of an aerosol in the lower stratosphere has been very rarely observed in recent years due low stratovolcanic activity. Despite this, the aerosol optical thickness was below the long-term average. The presence of the aerosol in the atmosphere reduced the radiation reaching the Earth’s surface at noon by about 32 W/m2. The aerosol direct radiative forcing of the during clear conditions was about -9 W/m2 at the Earth’s surface and -5.2 W/m2 at the top of the atmosphere. The estimated radiative forcing efficiency in combination with the single scattering albedo measurements indicate moderately absorbing particles.

2

Lidar observation of aerosol transformation in the atmospheric boundary layer above the Baltic Sea

Makuch Przemysław, Sitarek Stefan, Markuszewski Piotr, Petelski Tomasz, Stacewicz Tadeusz

Oceanologia

|

2021

|

No. 63 (2)

238--246

EN

Investigation results of a coarse and accumulation mode of aerosol properties above the Baltic Sea are reported. A most important role in the direct aerosol effect on climate have aerosols from the group of coarse and accumulation mode particles. Overseas in the atmosphere, there is a lot of aerosols from the fine fraction but their impact is not so important as coarse and accumulation mode particles. Sea spray emission from the sea surface takes place over a wide range of aerosol particle size distribution, it is also large in size range which are studying in this work (Lewis and Schwartz, 2004). The discussed range is most important in view of atmospheric optical properties, smaller particles do not have such an influence on scattering as particles from range 0.5–2 µm. The research was performed with a multiwavelength lidar. Due to the application of special software, the aerosol particle size distributions were retrieved from the lidar returns. That provided an opportunity to determine the profiles of the aerosol effective radius. We showed that the aerosol properties depend mainly on the direction of the air mass advection and the wind speed. The impact of the Baltic Sea on the aerosol size distribution is huge in the case of the advection from the open sea. Moreover, the aerosol effective radiuses in the whole boundary layer are much larger in the case of strong than for light wind. Our results suggest that the aerosol flux and the aerosol particle size distribution should be related to the wind speed in the emission function.

3

Aerosol dipole pattern over India: consequences on rainfall and relation with wind circulations

Vissa Naresh Krishna, Tyagi Bhishma

Acta Geophysica

|

2021

|

Vol. 69, no. 6

2475--2482

EN

The aerosol concentrations are changing in rapid phase in the recent decades over Indian subcontinent. A general conclusion that is postulated from various studies indicated high aerosol loading over the Indian subcontinent. The aerosol concentrations are found to alter cloud-precipitation chemistry globally. Analysing the trends of aerosol concentrations over the Indian subcontinent is crucial to understand in depth the aerosol–precipitation relationship over these regions. In the present study, the long-term trend (2000–2019) of aerosols, precipitation and winds has been analysed over the Indian subcontinent. The work aims to identify the zones of significant increasing/decreasing Aerosol Optical Depth concentrations and alter the rainfall patterns over these regions. Mann–Kendall test has been employed for trend analysis. An aerosol dipole pattern is observed along the eastern-western boundaries of the monsoon trough over the Indian subcontinent (India, Bangladesh and Pakistan), which shows an inverse relationship with the rainfall patterns. Over the north-western region of the Indian subcontinent, the reduced pollution and enhanced precipitation may further alter the land-sea thermal gradient, resulting in the weakening of monsoonal circulation. Enhanced pollution over eastern India is adjusting the precipitation distribution along with the weakening of low-level jet and moisture transport. The present study provides an evidence of aerosol–precipitation relation over the Indian subcontinent using long-term datasets that has profound application in better understanding the weather systems.

4

Using of UV lamps and UV robots for disinfection in the medical practice and in the hospital during the coronavirus epidemic

Krisch Henrik, Lelińska Katarzyna, Zhanghao Yao

Przegląd Techniczny : Gazeta Inżynierska

|

2020

|

nr 20-21

20--27

EN

In this article are presented different types of bactericidal / viricidal UV lamps and UV Robots and their effectiveness in the inactivation of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa and mites. In particular it describes vacuum UV-V lamps and robots that can generate ozone. Ozon has the possibility to reach all objects inaccessible to direct radiation and it also destroys these microorganisms. The next type of bactericidal ozone-free UV-C lamps and UV-C robots, which shorten the disinfection time. All topics presented in the article combined with the use of UV lamps and UV robots are based on the results of laboratory tests in various countries (Germany, USA, China, South Korea, Denmark) that were applied to destroy SARS-CoV-2 corona viruses.

5

Methods of carbonyl compounds determination in aerosol generated from electronic cigarettes

Madej Daria, Sobczak Andrzej

Proceedings of ECOpole

|

2019

|

Vol. 13, No. 1-2

37--48

EN

An electronic cigarette, known as an electronic nicotine delivery system or commonly as an e-cigarette, has become a popular alternative to traditional tobacco products since its introduction on the market. It is currently used in many countries around the world and has a wide circle of followers. However, research on the composition of the aerosol inhaled by users of electronic cigarettes is still underway. The results of these studies allow estimating exposure to toxic chemicals. They can become a tool to assess the harmfulness of these devices use. One of the major groups of compounds whose content is determined in the aerosol is carbonyl compounds. They are formed by the partial decomposition of propylene glycol and glycerin (used as base substances) and flavourings at the aerosol generation temperature. Prolonged exposure to carbonyl compounds such as formaldehyde or acetaldehyde is a known factor to increase the risk of asthma and cancer. Hence, precise measurements of these compounds content in the aerosol are important to assess the effect of electronic cigarettes on the users health. This article provides a brief overview of the methods used to determine the carbonyl compounds content in an aerosol generated from electronic cigarettes.

PL

Elektroniczny papieros, zwany systemem dozującym nikotynę lub potocznie e-papierosem, od chwili wprowadzenia na rynek stawał się popularną alternatywą tradycyjnych wyrobów tytoniowych. Obecnie stosowany jest w wielu krajach całego świata i ma szerokie grono zwolenników. Jednakże wciąż trwają badania nad składem aerozolu wdychanego przez użytkowników elektronicznych papierosów. Wyniki tych badań pozwalają na oszacowanie narażenia na toksyczne związki chemiczne. Mogą one stać się narzędziem służącym ocenie szkodliwości stosowania tych urządzeń. Jedną z głównych grup związków, których zawartość oznacza się w aerozolu, są związki karbonylowe. Związki te tworzą się w wyniku częściowej dekompozycji substancji bazowych (glikolu propylenowego i gliceryny) oraz dodatków smakowo-zapachowych w temperaturze generowania aerozolu. Długotrwała ekspozycja na związki karbonylowe, takie jak formaldehyd czy acetaldehyd, jest znanym czynnikiem podwyższającym ryzyko astmy i chorób nowotworowych. Stąd dokładne pomiary zawartości tych związków w aerozolu są istotne ze względu na badania wpływu na zdrowie stosujących elektroniczne papierosy. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi zwięzły przegląd stosowanych metod oznaczania zawartości związków karbonylowych w aerozolu generowanym z elektronicznych papierosów.

6

Aerosol loading and its effect on respiratory dysfunction disorder over Dapaong-Togo

Emetere M. E., Sanni S. E., Okoro E. E., Adeyemi G. A.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

|

2018

|

Vol. 28, No. 4

410--424

EN

It has been reported that respiratory dysfunction is responsible for 20% of deaths in Togo. There is need to know (in numerical value) the current state and future prediction of aerosol loading over the research site. The research is based on remote sensing techniques and proven mathematical models. Fifteen years primary (aerosol optical depth) dataset was obtained from the Multi-angle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer (MISR). The secondary datasets (aerosol loading, particles sizes, Angstrom exponent and the statistics of the primary dataset) was generated from the primary data. The average deposition efficiency of aerosols (into the human lungs) in the region is about 0.955. This research provides vital data for health referencing and on-ground investigation over Dapaong-Togo.

7

Charging of a single soap bubble

Pelesz A.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

|

2018

|

R. 94, nr 10

176--179

EN

The process of charging (electrification) of a single soap bubble is presented in this paper. It is shown that the bubble is charged up to its maximum possible charge as calculated from Rayleigh limit. Values of the (Q/m) obtained for the single bubbles were on the level of 1.8–4.8 mC/kg, and thus the bubble trajectory in air is clearly affected by electrostatic forces.

PL

W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono proces elektryzacji pojedynczej bańki mydlanej. Pokazano, że bańka jest naelektryzowana do maksymalnego możliwego ładunku obliczonego (limit Rayleigha). Uzyskane wartości paramertru (Q/m) dla pojedynczych baniek były na poziomie 1,8–4,8 mC/kg, a zatem lot naelektryzowanych baniek będzie silnie zależny od sił elektrostatycznych.

8

Methods of carbonyl compounds determination in aerosol generated from electronic cigarettes

Madej D., Sobczak A.

Proceedings of ECOpole

|

2018

|

Vol. 12, No. 1

21--32

EN

An electronic cigarette, known as an electronic nicotine delivery system or commonly as an e-cigarette, has become a popular alternative to traditional tobacco products since its introduction on the market. It is currently used in many countries around the world and has a wide circle of followers. However, research on the composition of the aerosol inhaled by users of electronic cigarettes is still underway. The results of these studies allow estimating exposure to toxic chemicals. They can become a tool to assess the harmfulness of these devices use. One of the major groups of compounds whose content is determined in the aerosol is carbonyl compounds. They are formed by the partial decomposition of propylene glycol and glycerin (used as base substances) and flavourings at the aerosol generation temperature. Prolonged exposure to carbonyl compounds such as formaldehyde or acetaldehyde is a known factor to increase the risk of asthma and cancer. Hence, precise measurements of these compounds content in the aerosol are important to assess the effect of electronic cigarettes on the users health. This article provides a brief overview of the methods used to determine the carbonyl compounds content in an aerosol generated from electronic cigarettes.

PL

Elektroniczny papieros, zwany systemem dozującym nikotynę lub potocznie e-papierosem, od chwili wprowadzenia na rynek stawał się popularną alternatywą dla tradycyjnych wyrobów tytoniowych. Obecnie stosowany jest w wielu krajach całego świata i ma szerokie grono zwolenników. Jednakże wciąż trwają badania nad składem aerozolu wdychanego przez użytkowników elektronicznych papierosów. Wyniki tych badań pozwalają na oszacowanie narażenia na toksyczne związki chemiczne. Mogą one stać się narzędziem służącym do oceny szkodliwości stosowania tych urządzeń. Jedną z głównych grup związków, których zawartość oznacza się w aerozolu, są związki karbonylowe. Związki te tworzą się w wyniku częściowej dekompozycji substancji bazowych (glikolu propylenowego i gliceryny) oraz dodatków smakowo-zapachowych w temperaturze generowania aerozolu. Długotrwała ekspozycja na związki karbonylowe, takie jak formaldehyd czy acetaldehyd, jest znanym czynnikiem podwyższającym ryzyko powstania astmy i chorób nowotworowych. Stąd dokładne pomiary zawartości tych związków w aerozolu są istotne ze względu na badania wpływu na zdrowie osób stosujących elektroniczne papierosy. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi zwięzły przegląd stosowanych metod oznaczania zawartości związków karbonylowych w aerozolu generowanym z elektronicznych papierosów.

9

An evaluation of the range-gated-imaging technology under dense aerosol environments

Cho J. W., Choi Y. S., Jeong K. M.

Opto-Electronics Review

|

2018

|

Vol. 26, No. 4

270--278

EN

Range-gated-imaging system, which can be used to eliminate backscatter in strong scattering environments, is based on two high speed technologies. It uses high power, ultra-short pulse laser as the light source. And it opens the optical gate of an ICCD camera with a micro-channel-plate image intensifier in a very short time while the laser pulses reflected by the object is coming back to the ICCD camera. Using this range-gated-imaging technology, the effect of scattered light can be reduced and a clear image is obtained. In this paper, the test results of the range-gated-imaging system under dense aerosol environments, which simulates environments in the reactor containment building when the severe accident of the nuclear power plant occurred, are described. To evaluate the observation performance of the range-gated-imaging system under such dense fog environment, we made a test facility. Fog particles are sprayed into the test facility until fog concentration is reached to the postulated concentration level of the severe accident of the nuclear power plant. At such dense fog concentration conditions, we compared and evaluated the observation performances of the range-gated-imaging system and the CCD camera.

10

Quality Control in Aerosol Production

Fitrzyk A., Niemiec K.

Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering

|

2018

|

Vol. 1, Iss. 1

85--91

EN

Aerosol products are present in different industries including cosmetic, technical, household and many more. These products are subject to number of controls both at the pre-production, in-process and post-production stages. Controls at the pre-production stage relate to checking the conformity of individual components that make up the aerosol packaging, as well as raw materials that are used to create the formula. The checks carried out during the production process are mainly focused on the verification of parameters at particular stages of production. Whereas, post-production checks are related to the evaluation of the finished product. Due to the highest share of metal packaging in the aerosol products market, such products are the subject of this article.

11

Methodology for experimental research of heat and mass transfer processes during inhalation of e-cigarettes aerosols

Odziomek M.

Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna

|

2018

|

Nr 5

144--145

EN

This work is focused on the development and validation of experimental method for testing EC-aerosols under simulated conditions of human respiratory tract with variable aerosol residence time in the physiologically humid environment associated with the inhalation pattern. Initial results obtained using the laser diffractometry indicate the usefulness and applicability of developed method for EC-aerosol testing for a deeper understanding of simultaneous heat and mass transfer processes during EC-aerosol formation, inhalation and movement in the human respiratory tract.

PL

Praca koncentruje się na opracowaniu i walidacji metodyki badań doświadczalnych aerozoli uwalnianych z e-papierosów do środowiska odzwierciedlającego pod względem panującej wilgotności, temperatury oraz czasu przebywania aerozolu drogi oddechowe człowieka. Wstępne wyniki uzyskane przy użyciu dyfraktometru laserowego wskazują na przydatność zaproponowanej metody badania aerozoli do głębszego zrozumienia roli procesów wymiany ciepła oraz masy w trybie ich powstawania, inhalacji oraz transportu w drogach oddechowych.

12

A CFD model of a two-phase mixture flow in a test stand for air-borne particle analysis

Stachnik M., Czachor G., Jakubowski M.

Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

|

2017

|

nr 20(4)

343--358

EN

Farmers come across many materials which when being handled generate dust clouds. Even with low concentration these might pose risk of explosion and can carry dangerous microorganisms. To broaden the knowledge about fine dust particles sedimentation and analyze process of particles becoming air-borne, a tunnel air cleaner was designed. Based on the experiment, a CFX simulation was performed using the Eulerian approach and the CFX12.1 software. Presented model is a stedy state two-phase analysis of dust sedimentation. The results show mechanism of dust dispertion over large distance, such as regions of vorticity that seem to be main motor. Presented analysis emphasizes how easily small particles can become resuspended in the air and carried over distance. Acquired knowledge can be applied for safety regulation in many branches of agriculture.

13

Badanie wpływu warunków powstawania aerozoli w elektronicznych papierosach na ich właściwości fizykochemiczne

Odziomek M., Kwiatkowski Ł., Sosnowski T. R.

Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna

|

2017

|

Nr 4

134--135

PL

Celem pracy było zbadanie procesów odpowiedzialnych za powstawanie i właściwości aerozoli uwalnianych z elektronicznych papierosów. Wykorzystując dyfraktometr laserowy określono podstawowe parametry objętościowego rozkładu wielkości kropel aerozolu uwalnianego z czterech modeli e-papierosów różniących się wewnętrznym oporem aerodynamicznym. Aerozole zostały wytworzone w warunkach odpowiadającym fizjologicznym wartościom przepływu powietrza z płynów zawierających składniki powszechnie występujące w e-liquidach. Stwierdzono, że jakość uwalnianego aerozolu zależy przede wszystkim od konstrukcji urządzenia, ale także od składu i właściwości e-liquidów.

EN

The aim of this work was to investigate the processes responsible for generation and properties of aerosols released from electronic cigarettes. Based on the laser diffraction method the primary parameters of droplet size distribution of aerosols released from four e-cigarette models with different internal aerodynamic resistance were determined. Aerosols were generated at physiological flow rates from e-liquids with different composition and properties. It was stated that the quality of aerosol depends mainly on device construction but it is also related to e-liquid composition and properties.

14

On the association of aerosol optical depth and total ozone fluctuations with recent earthquakes in Greece

Varotsos C. A., Efstathiou M. N., Cracknell A. P.

Acta Geophysica

|

2017

|

Vol. 65, no. 4

659--665

EN

A number of recent studies suggest that atmospheric changes that precede an earthquake might offer the hope of providing early warning. This study attempts to examine seismo-atmospheric anomalies around the time and the location of some of the major earthquakes in Greece in the period 2001–2015. Daily values of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and total ozone column (TOZ) obtained from satellite observations are used, in the time window between 25 days before and 14 days after each of these events, in a 1° × 1° area centred on the epicentre of each earthquake. For some of these earthquake events, abnormal increases in time series of AOD and TOZ data were detected before and after the occurrence of the earthquake. Nevertheless, in other cases, no clear anomalies were observed around the earthquake date. In addition, examining the statistics of AOD and TOZ daily values, there were many cases of prominent abnormal variations, without, however, being associated with an earthquake event. Therefore, no clear association was found between AOD and TOZ fluctuations and recent earthquakes in Greece.

15

Short review on atmospheric aerosols source apportionment methods

Szramowiat K., Styszko K., Gołaś J.

Challenges of Modern Technology

|

2016

|

Vol. 7, no. 2

7--13

EN

Appropriate understanding of particulate matter emission sources is required to properly establish the policies aiming at the aerosols emitters’ elimi nation. The article provides a short review on atmospheric aerosols source apportionment methods using three computing models.

16

Modelling and Observation of Mineral Dust Optical Properties over Central Europe

Chilinski M. T., Markowicz K. M., Zawadzka O., Stachlewska I. S., Kumala W., Petelski T., Makuch P., Westphal D. L., Zagajewski B.

Acta Geophysica

|

2016

|

Vol. 64, no. 6

2550--2590

EN

This paper is focused on Saharan dust transport to Central Europe/ Poland; we compare properties of atmospheric Saharan dust using data from NAAPS, MACC, AERONET as well as observations obtained during HyMountEcos campaign in June 2012. Ten years of dust climatology shows that long-range transport of Saharan dust to Central Europe is mostly during spring and summer. HYSPLIT back-trajectories indicate airmass transport mainly in November, but it does not agree with modeled maxima of dust optical depth. NAAPS model shows maximum of dust optical depth (~0.04-0.05, 550 nm) in April-May, but the MACC modeled peak is broader (~0.04). During occurrence of mineral dust over Central-Europe for 14% (NAAPS) / 12% (MACC) of days dust optical depths are above 0.05 and during 4% (NAAPS) / 2.5% (MACC) of days dust optical depths exceed 0.1. The HyMountEcos campaign took place in June-July 2012 in the mountainous region of Karkonosze. The analysis includes remote sensing data from lidars, sunphotometers, and numerical simulations from NAAPS, MACC, DREAM8b models. Comparison of simulations with observations demonstrates the ability of models to reasonably reproduce aerosol vertical distributions and their temporal variability. However, significant differences between simulated and measured AODs were found. The best agreement was achieved for MACC model.

17

Classification of Aerosol over Central Europe by Cluster Analysis of Aerosol Columnar Optical Properties and Backward Trajectory Statistics

Szkop A., Pietruczuk A., Posyniak M.

Acta Geophysica

|

2016

|

Vol. 64, no. 6

2650--2676

EN

A cluster analysis is applied to the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) data obtained at Belsk, Poland, as well as three nearby Central European stations (Leipzig, Minsk and Moldova) for estimation of atmospheric aerosol types. Absorption Ångstrom exponent (AAE), aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and extinction Ångstrom exponent (EAE) parameters are used. Clustering in both 2D (AOT, EAE) and 3D (AOT, EAE, AAE) is investigated. A method of air mass backward trajectory analysis is then proposed, with the receptor site at Belsk, to determine possible source regions for each cluster. Four dominant aerosol source regions are identified. The biomass burning aerosol source is localized in the vicinity of Belarusian-Ukrainian border. Slovakia and northern Hungary are found to be the source of urban/industrial pollutants. Western Poland and eastern Germany are the main sources of polluted continental aerosols. The most differentiated source region of Scandinavia, Baltic Sea and Northern Atlantic, associated with lowest values of AOT, corresponds to clean continental and possibly maritime type aerosols.

18

Concentration changes of PM10 under liquid precipitation conditions

Olszowski T.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

|

2015

|

Vol. 22, nr 3

363--378

EN

This study reports the results of field research into variability of the scavenging coefficient (Λ) of suspended dust comprising particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 10 mm. Registration of PM10 over 7 years in conditions of the occurrence of rainfall (convective light showers, large-scale precipitation and storms) was undertaken in an undeveloped rural area. The analysis involved 806 observations taken at constant time intervals of 0.5 hour. The measurements of the concentration of PM10 were performed by means of a reference method accompanied by concurrent registration of basic meteorological parameters. It was found that, for PM10, the scavenging efficiency is considerably influenced by rainfall intensity R and the type of precipitation. In the case of convective precipitation, data on Λ are only partially related to “classical approach” of rain scavenging. Within the range of comparable values of rainfall intensity, the type of wet deposition (except for storms) does not influence the effectiveness of scavenging PM10 from the ground-level zone. The large number of observations conducted in real-time conditions yielded a proposal of simple regression model, which can be deemed suitable for the description of variability Λ (DPM10), but only to a limited extent for large-scale precipitation. The collected results can be applied in air pollution dispersion models and deposition and were found to be generally representative for areas with similar climatic characteristics.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki polowych badań nad zmiennością współczynnika wymywania Λ pyłu zawieszonego o aerodynamicznej średnicy cząstek poniżej 10 μm. Siedmioletnie rejestracje zmian stężenia PM10 w warunkach występowania trzech typów opadów ciekłych (konwekcyjnych, wielkoskalowych i burz) przeprowadzono na obszarze niezurbanizowanym. Analizie poddano 806 przypadków obserwacji o stałej rozdzielczości czasowej 0,5 h. Pomiary stężenia PM10 prowadzono z użyciem metody referencyjnej przy jednoczesnej rejestracji podstawowych parametrów meteorologicznych. Wykazano, że dla PM10 efektywność wymywania jest silnie zależna od intensywności opadu R oraz od typu opadu. W przypadku opadów konwekcyjnych dane dotyczące wartości Λ są tylko częściowo związane z „klasycznym podejściem” wymywania cząstek przez deszcz. W zakresie porównywalnych wartości intensywności opadu typ mokrej depozycji (z wyjątkiem burz) nie wpływa na efektywność oczyszczania troposfery przyziemnej z PM10. Znaczna ilość prowadzonych w warunkach rzeczywistych obserwacji opadów wielkoskalowych pozwoliła na zaproponowanie prostego modelu regresji, który z wysokim prawdopodobieństwem, ale w ograniczonym zakresie, może zostać uznany za odpowiedni do opisu zmienności Λ (DPM10). Uzyskane wyniki badań mogą znaleźć zastosowanie w modelach dyspersji i depozycji zanieczyszczeń i są reprezentatywne dla obszarów o podobnej charakterystyce klimatu.

19

Elektryzacja rozproszonych kropel aerozoli cieczy przewodzących

Lewandowski M.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

|

2014

|

R. 90, nr 10

144-147

PL

W pracy przedstawiono proces elektryzacji kropel aerozoli wytworzonych przez głowicę z naddźwiękowym przepływem gazu. W celu uniknięcia tzw. „efektu ekranowania” występującego podczas elektryzacji indukcyjnej, zaproponowano elektryzację rozproszonych kropel aerozoli. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują silną zależność parametru Q/m od wydatku wody oraz na złożoność procesu elektryzacji rozproszonych kropel aerozoli.

EN

The process of electrification of aerosol particles dispersed by a pneumatic sprayer with supersonic air flow is presented in this paper. To avoid the shielding effect in induction charging of aerosol, the droplets electrification process following the dispersion of liquid was proposed. Results have shown, that the Q/m factor values power type dependence of the liquid feed rate and the droplets electrification following the dispersion was a complex process.

20

From Concept Design to Validation and Verification: Case Study of a Modern and Integrated Fire Protection System for Application on Rolling Stock

Barbagli M.

Problemy Kolejnictwa

|

2014

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Z. 164

7--20

EN

The paper investigates the design and development of a modern fire protection system for rolling stock application, based on case studies taken from the author’s real experience in project management of several fire protection systems all over the world.

PL

W artykule przeanalizowano projekt i realizację nowoczesnego układu ochrony przeciwpożarowej dla taboru kolejowego. Wykorzystano analizy przypadków zaczerpnięte z praktyki zawodowej autora w zarządzaniu projektami wielu układów ochrony przeciwpożarowej na całym świecie.