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Changes of Nitrogen and Organic Compound During Co-Composting of Disposable Diaper and Vegetable Wastes on Aerobic Process

Pandebesie Ellina S., Warmadewanthi Idaa, Wilujeng Susi Agustina, Simamora Minar Saraswati

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 4

228--234

EN

The use of disposable diapers is increasing every year, increasing generated diaper wastes every year. In Surabaya, diaper wastes have become an important issue when they are not treated properly. These diaper wastes will end up in water bodies and cause pollution. One of the technologies that can be used to treat diaper wastes is composting. Disposable diaper wastes consist of high lignocellulose and C content. It is necessary to mix diaper wastes and other wastes with high N content as a co-substrate, so that the optimum C/N ratio of composting can be achieved. In this research, vegetables wastes were used. The Objective of the research was to determine the effect of vegetable wastes adding as a co-substrate in composting of disposable diapers and volatile solid (VS), C-organic, and Total Nitrogen (TN) content changed during the composting process. The research was carried out with three variables mixtures of diaper wastes and vegetable wastes. Two control consist of 100% diaper wastes and 100% vegetables wastes. The Total weight of raw materials was 10 kg for each reactor. The composting process is carried out aerobically with a composting time of 60 days. The results showed that vegetable wastes have the potential to be used as a co-substrate for diaper wastes. The content of C-organic, VS and total nitrogen decreased. All of the parameters include C/N ratio meet the Indonesian Standard of compost.

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Removal of Hydrocarbons from Contaminated Soils Using Bioremediation by Aerobic Co-composting Methods at Ship Dismantle Locations

Syawlia Rizki Mona, Titah Harmin Sulistiyaning

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 6

181--190

EN

This research focused on hydrocarbon removal from contaminated soil, using co-composting methods on a laboratory scale. The soil samples were taken from ship demolition sites in Tanjung Jati, Bangkalan Regency, Madura Island. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the efficiency of bioremediation process using the co-composting method for hydrocarbon removal. The co-composting was treated under aerobic conditions, and manual stirring for aeration was performed every 2 days. Moreover, the values of hydrocarbon and total bacterial population levels were measured on day 0, 30, and 60. The results of the study at location 1 showed that for 60 days, the cocomposting of contaminated soil in the control reactor was 33.36%, kitchen waste (34.99%), local cattle rumen waste (59.41%), and soil mixed kitchen and cattle rumen waste (61.01%). Meanwhile, at location 2, they were 28.50%, 64.18%, 42.67%, and 67.03% respectively. The largest total bacterial population was in the nutrient agar media with stratification of up to 10-8.

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Chlorinated benzenes and benzene degradation in aerobic pyrite suspension

Pham Hoa Thi, Chihiro Inoue

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2019

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Vol. 45, no. 1

115--125

EN

The focus of this study is to investigate the applicability of natural mineral iron disulfide (pyrite) in degradation of aromatic compounds including benzene and several chlorinated benzenes (from mono-chlorinated benzene (CB), di-chlorinated benzenes (di-CBs) to tri-chlorobenzenes (tri-CBs) in aerobic pyrite suspension by using laboratory batch experiments at 25°C and room pressure. At first, chlorobenzene was studied as a model compound for all considered aromatic compounds. CB was degraded in aerobic pyrite suspension, transformed to several organic acids and finally to CO2 and Clˉ. Transformations of remaining aromatic compounds were pursued by measuring their degradation rates and CO2 and Clˉ released with time. Transformation kinetics was fitted to the pseudo-first-order reactions to calculate degradation rate constant of each compound. Degradation rates of the aromatic compounds were different depending on their chemical structures, specifically the number and position of chlorine substituents on the benzene ring in this study. Compounds with the highest number of chlorine substituent at m-positions have highest degradation rate (1,3,5-triCB > 1,3-diCB > others). Three chlorine substituents closed together (1,2,3-triCB) generated steric hindrance effects. Therefore 1,2,3-triCB was the least degraded compound The degradation rates of all compounds were in the following order: 1,3,5-triCB > 1,3-diCB > 1,2,4-triCB ≅1,2-diCB ≅CB ≅benzene > 1,4-diCB > 1,2,3-triCB. The final products of the transformations were CO2 and Clˉ. Oxygen was the common oxidant for pyrite and aromatic compounds. The presence of aromatic compounds reduced the oxidation rate of pyrite, which reduced the amount of ferrous and sulfate ions release to aqueous solution.

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An overview on techniques and regulations of mechanical-biological pre-treatment of municipal solid waste

Ritzkowski M., Heerenklage J., Stegmann R.

Environmental Biotechnology

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2006

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Vol. 2, No. 2

57-68

EN

Landfilling of municipal solidwaste (MSW) causes significant problems from the production of landfill gas (LFG) and highly polluted leachate over long periods of time. These emissions have to be controlled, treated and sustainable reduced during the aftercare phase, incurring significant costs. Therefore, the overall wastemanagement strategy in Europe is towards reducing landfilling and promoting energy recovery fromMSW. However, as thermal treatment capacities are currently limited and incineration plants rely on largewaste input quantities (>150,000 t * a-1),mechanicalbiological pre-treatment (MBP) of waste was implemented as an alternative in different EU countries. By means of a combination ofmechanical pre-treatment and subsequent biological treatment, the emissions potential of the residual MSW can be significantly reduced under controlled conditions. As a result, MBP can be seen as an integral part of modern waste management concepts, including the mandatory separation of the high caloric fraction to be used as a fuel and for the production of biologically stabilised waste for landfilling. In order to improve the overall energy balance, modern MBP plants often include anaerobic treatment as the biological process component, hence increasing the efficiency of energy recovery from MSW.