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Long-Term Population Dynamics of African Ungulates in Waterberg Plateau National Park, Namibia

Kasiringua Evert, Procheş Şerban, Kopij Grzegorz

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2019

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Vol. 67, nr 4

339--353

EN

The current study was undertaken to determine long-term population trends (33 years) of ungulate species in the Waterberg National Park (WNP), Namibia, using aerial and waterhole counts of ungulates during the years 1980-2013.We tried to establish how rainfall influences the multi-species population dynamics. During this period sixteen ungulates species were recorded. Among these, eight have shown an increase in numbers during the years 1984-2013, six other decreased, and populations of two other species remained stable. Roan and sable antelope, kudu and warthog were fairly common (with 5-12% of all ungulates recorded). White rhino, black rhino, giraffe, and gemsbok were classified as uncommon (together 11.9%), whilst the remaining eight species were rare (together 1.9%). The eland population showed a weak positive relationship with the annual average rainfall between the years 1981-2013, whereas population sizes of kudu, sable, gemsbok and roan showed a weak negative relationship with the amount of rain. No relationship was detected in giraffe, buffalo and hartebeest populations. We conclude that, irrespective of water supplementation, ungulate densities are to a large extent controlled by rainfall.

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Accuracy investigation of creating orthophotomaps based on images obtained by applying Trimble-UX5 UAV

Hlotov V., Hunina A., Siejka Z.

Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics

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2017

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Vol. 103

106--118

EN

The main purpose of this work is to confirm the possibility of making large-scale orthophotomaps applying unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) Trimble-UX5. A planned altitude reference of the studying territory was carried out before to the aerial surveying. The studying territory has been marked with distinctive checkpoints in the form of triangles (0.5 × 0.5 × 0.2 m). The checkpoints used to precise the accuracy of orthophotomap have been marked with similar triangles. To determine marked reference point coordinates and check-points method of GNSS in real-time kinematics (RTK) measuring has been applied. Projecting of aerial surveying has been done with the help of installed Trimble Access Aerial Imaging, having been used to run out the UX5. Aerial survey out of the Trimble UX5 UAV has been done with the help of the digital camera SONY NEX-5R from 200m and 300 m altitude. These aerial surveying data have been calculated applying special photogrammetric software Pix 4D. The orthophotomap of the surveying objects has been made with its help. To determine the precise accuracy of the got results of aerial surveying the checkpoint coordinates according to the orthophotomap have been set. The average square error has been calculated according to the set coordinates applying GNSS measurements. A-priori accuracy estimation of spatial coordinates of the studying territory using the aerial surveying data have been calculated: mx=0.11 m, my=0.15 m, mz=0.23 m in the village of Remeniv and mx=0.26 m, my=0.38 m, mz=0.43 m in the town of Vynnyky. The accuracy of determining checkpoint coordinates has been investigated using images obtained out of UAV and the average square error of the reference points. Based on comparative analysis of the got results of the accuracy estimation of the made orthophotomap it can be concluded that the value the average square error does not exceed a-priori accuracy estimation. The possibility of applying Trimble UX5 UAV for making large-scale orthophotomaps has been investigated. The aerial surveying output data using UAV can be applied for monitoring potentially dangerous for people objects, the state border controlling, checking out the plots of settlements. Thus, it is important to control the accuracy the got results. Having based on the done analysis and experimental researches it can be concluded that applying UAV gives the possibility to find data more efficiently in comparison with the land surveying methods. As the result, the Trimble UX5 UAV gives the possibility to survey built-up territories with the required accuracy for making orthophotomaps with the following scales 1: 2000, 1: 1000, 1: 500.

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Rozwój przemysłu lotniczego w przedwojennej Polsce

Szczepaniak R.

Kwartalnik Bellona

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2016

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Nr 1

195--209

PL

Autor przybliża zagadnienie rozwoju przemysłu lotniczego w Polsce przed II wojną światową. Za punkt wyjścia przyjmuje rok 1918, kiedy to została powołana Sekcja Żeglugi Napowietrznej Ministerstwa Spraw Wojskowych. Opisuje zakłady lotnicze, w których powstawały pierwsze polskie samoloty oraz zakłady, w których początkowo produkowano silniki na licencjach, a następnie krajowe zespoły napędowe. Do rozwoju przemysłu lotniczego w II Rzeczypospolitej przyczyniły się także instytuty naukowe, które sprawowały między innymi nadzór techniczny nad produkcją, zajmowały się badaniami aerodynamicznymi samolotów i szybowców oraz prowadziły własne prace naukowo-badawcze nad płatowcami i silnikami. Autor ukazuje problemy, z którymi borykał się przemysł lotniczy: brak funduszy i wielki kryzys ekonomiczny 1929 roku. Mimo trudności przedwojenny polski przemysł lotniczy się rozwijał i dobrze funkcjonował do wybuchu II wojny światowej.

EN

The author discusses the development of the aviation industry in Poland before World War II. His starting point is 1918, the year of establishing the Air Navigation Section of the War Office. The author describes aviation plants where fire Polish aircraft were produced, as well as plants which initially produced engines under licenses, and later Polish drive units. Scientific institutes also contributed greatly in the development of the Polish aviation industry in the Second Polish Republic. They provided technical supervision of the production processes, carried out aerodynamic tests of aircraft and gliders, and conducted their own scientific research on airframes and engines. The author describes problems of the aviation industry lack of funds and the great economic crisis of 1929. Despite difficulties, the Polish pre-war aviation industry developed and functioned well until the break-out of World War II.

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Identyfikacja obiektów archeologicznych przy wykorzystaniu georadaru (GPR) – średniowieczne miasto Szamotuły

Kijowski A., Słowik M., Rączkowski W.

Archiwum Fotogrametrii, Kartografii i Teledetekcji

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2009

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Vol. 19

181--191

PL

W 2006 roku odkryto miejsce lokacji średniowiecznego miasta (Szamotuły). Ślady tego miasta zidentyfikowano dzięki rekonesansowi lotniczemu. To unikatowe znalezisko zostało objęte ochroną konserwatorską i dzięki temu możliwe tam jest prowadzenie tylko badań nieinwazyjnych. Te nieinwazyjne badania polegają na cyklicznym rekonesansie lotniczym oraz pozyskiwaniu nowych danych przy pomocy metod teledetekcyjnych, takich jak: metoda geomagnetyczna czy elektrooporowa. Każda z metod dostarcza informacji o innych aspektach zachowanych obiektów archeologicznych. W niniejszym tekście zaprezentowane zostały wyniki pilotażowego rozpoznania stanowiska przy pomocy metody georadarowej. Wyniki zostały skonfrontowane z interpretacją zrektyfikowanych zdjęć lotniczych. Pozytywny wynik testu pozwala planować takie rozpoznanie metodą georadarową, które da tomograficzny obraz średniowiecznego miasta.

EN

The place where the medieval town of Szamotuły had been located was discovered in 2006. Remains of the town were identified during an archaeological aerial survey. That unique discovery has been listed on the national register of historic places and, consequently, only noninvasive investigations are allowed there. Those investigations are based on systematic aerial reconnaissance, as well as the acquisition of new data by applying remote sensing methods, such as geomagnetic or resistivity methods. Each method provides information on different aspects of buried archaeological features. First results of the pilot project of the site survey using GPR are presented herein. Results are compared with the interpretation of rectified aerial photographs. The positive output allows planning further surveys with the application of GPR to obtain a tomographic image of that medieval town.