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Wastewater Treatment Methods and Sewage Treatment Facilities in Almaty, Kazakhstan

Ospanov Kairat, Kuldeyev Erzhan, Kenzhaliyev Bagdaulet, Korotunov Anatoly

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2022

Vol. 23, nr 1

240--251

The results of comprehensive research on the status of sewage treatment in Almaty are presented in this article. The results of the reconstruction and modernization of treatment facilities intended to improve the sewage treatment efficiency, including the results of pretreatment of wastewater with excess sludge in the primary clarification tank, and the results of hydrobiological and microbiological analysis of activated sludge in the aeration tank are presented. The analysis of the study results of the chemical composition of incoming, clarified and treated wastewater is presented. Besides, the results of the analysis of the water balance of wastewater are presented.

Technology of Wastewater Treatment Production of Vegetable Oils and Fats and Evaluation of Aeration Tank Efficiency on the Basis of Microanalysis of Activated Sludge

Korotkova Tatyana Germanovna, Altukhova Darya Vladimirovna, Istoshina Natalya Yurevna, Demin Vladimir Ivanovich

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2019

Vol. 20, nr 7

70--78

This article discusses the main stages and features of wastewater treatment at “Food Ingredients” LLC (Russia, Krasnodar region) involved in vegetable oils and fats refining. The experimental data on averaged qualitative composition of industrial wastewater involving the period from January to June, 2018 were presented. The indicators of the quality of averaged waste did not exceed: 20 mg/l for ammonium nitrogen; 20 mg/l for phosphates; 800 mg/l for suspended solids; 700 mg/l for fatty substances. The operation of biological aeration tank was analyzed from January to June, 2018. The graphic dependences of the change of sludge index, phosphate ions, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and temperature were given. The species composition of microorganisms and their amount were determined by means of optical microscopy. Absolute quantity of microorganisms in activated sludge was determined with the “calibrated droplet” method. As of October 31, 2018 the quantity of microorganisms was as follows, U/ml: small flagellates – 44,015; free swimming infusoria – 34,233; Euglypha – 6,520; Vorticella – 27,713; Rotatoria – 29,343; Aspidiska – 36,950; Aelosoma – 2,173; Heliozoa – 1,086. No filamentous microorganisms were detected. After treatment, the recovered water was characterized by the following indicators of the quality: transparent, ammonium nitrogen content in water was less than 0.1 mg/l, phosphate ion content was no higher than 0.2 mg/l; COD was no higher than 30 mg O2/l, hydrogen index was about pH = 7. These indicators comply with the requirements for water in technical water supply systems of industrial enterprises (Russia), as applied to recovered water produced of wastewater for subsequent use in recycled water supply system. The treated water is reused in the production processes, which evidences high quality of water treatment and reliable operation of the equipment in local treatment facilities at “Food Ingredients” LLC during 10 years of operation.

Radiotracer investigation of a pulp and paper mill effl uent treatment plant

Sarkar M., Sangal V. K., Bhunia H., Bajpai P. K., Pant H. J., Sharma V. K., Kumar A., Naithani A. K.

Nukleonika

2017

Vol. 62, No. 4

289--294

The pulp and paper industry is highly dependent on water for most of its processes, producing a significant amount of wastewater that should be treated to comply with environmental standards before its discharge into surface-water reservoirs. The wastewater generated primarily consists of substantial amounts of organic, inorganic, toxic and pathogenic compounds in addition to nutrients, which are treated in an effluent treatment plant that often combines primary, secondary, tertiary and advanced treatments. However, the treatment methods vary from industry to industry according to the process utilized. The effective performance of effluent treatment plants is crucial from both environmental and economic points of view. Radiotracer techniques can be effectively used to optimize performance and detect anomalies like dead zones, bypassing, channelling, etc. in wastewater treatment plants. Experiments on the distribution of residence time were performed on the aeration tank and secondary clarifier of a full-scale pulp and paper mill to study the flow behaviour as well as locate system anomalies and hence evaluate the performance of the treatment plants using the radiotracer I-131. The convolution method was applied to model the system with an imperfect impulse radiotracer input. The aeration tank was working efficiently in the absence of any dead zones or bypassing. Various hydrodynamic models available in the literature were applied on the aeration tank and secondary clarifier to obtain the hydraulic representation of the systems.