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Graphite Nanosheet Exfoliation From Graphite Flakes Through Functionalization Using Phthalic Acid

Kim J. H., Lee J. H.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

2015

Vol. 60, iss. 2B

1251--1255

In order to fabricate graphite nanosheets from graphite flakes, edge-functionalized graphite nanosheets were prepared by a functionalization method using phthalic acid as the molecule to be grafted. A polyphosphoric acid/P2O5 solution containing graphite and phthalic acid were heated at different temperatures for 72 h in a nitrogen atmosphere. It was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy that the resultant phthalic acid-functionalized graphite nanosheets had a large surface area of 20.69 μm2 in average and an average thickness of 1.39 nm. It was also found by X-ray diffractometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis that the functionalization caused the formation of C=O bonds at the edges of the graphite nanosheets. The yield from this functionalization method was found to be dependent on the reaction temperature, only when it is between 70 and 130°C, because of the dehydration of phthalic acid at higher temperatures. This was confirmed by FT-IR analysis and the observation of low thermal energies at low temperatures.

Demethylation of a methoxy group during the synthesis of 3-(4-methoxy-1-naphtoyl)propionic acid (menbutone) in the Friedel-Crafts reaction in the presence of aluminium chloride as a catalyst

Huras B., Rzewnicka A., Czajka M., Zakrzewski J., Kazimierczak J.

Polish Journal of Applied Chemistry

2003

Vol. 47, nr 3

147-154

The synthesis of 3-(4-methoxy-1-naphtoyl)propionic acid (1, menbutone) in the Friedel-Crafts acylation of 1-methoxynaphtalene with succinic anhydride in the presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride as a catalyst is described. Formation of 3-(4-hydroxy-1-naphtoyl)propionic acid 2 as a side-product is discussed. A lower reaction temperature, shorter reaction time, and reduction in the amount of aluminium chloride added, leads to a reduction in the observed quantity of the side-product 2. It should be rather considered as a product of 1-naphtol acylation, than as a product of menbutone 1 demethylation.

Opisano proces otrzymywania kwasu 3-(4-metoksy-1-naftoilo)propionowego (1, menbuton) w reakcji acylowania Friedla-Craftsa 1-metoksynaftalenu przy pomocy bezwodnika bursztynowego wobec bezwodnego chlorku glinu jako katalizatora. Omówiomo powstawanie kwasu 3-(4-hydroksy-1-naftoilo)propionowego 2 jako produku ubocznego. Stwierdzono, że udział niekorzystnego produktu demetylacji 2 maleje wraz z obniżaniem temperatury procesu, zmniejszaniem ilości bezwodnego chlorku glinu i skracaniem czasu reakcji. Związek 2 powstaje najprawdopodobniej jako produkt acylowania 1-naftolu, a nie demetylacji menbutonu.