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1

Taśmy samoprzylepne do zastosowań w przemyśle papierniczym – konstrukcja, rodzaje i zastosowania

Rogoziński Henryk, Dudek Katarzyna

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2022

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R. 78, nr 1

45--49

PL

W artykule opisano najważniejsze parametry charakteryzujące materiały samoprzylepne, to jest kleistość, adhezję i kohezję. Zaprezentowano także metody ich pomiaru. Omówiono poszczególne zastosowania taśm samoprzylepnych w przemyśle papierniczym, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem ich właściwości klejących. Przedstawiono różnice wynikające zarówno z budowy taśm, jak i rodzaju zastosowanych materiałów do produkcji. Opisano najważniejsze grupy klejów samoprzylepnych oraz ich wpływ na końcową charakterystykę taśm.

EN

The article describes the most important parameters characterizing self-adhesive materials, such as tack, adhesion and cohesion. Methods of their measurement were also presented. Essential applications of self-adhesive tapes in the paper industry are discussed, with particular emphasis on their adhesive properties. The differences due to the construction of the tapes and the type of materials used for production are presented. The most important groups of pressure-sensitive adhesives and their influence on the final characteristics of tapes are described.

2

Adsorption Kinetics of an Activated Carbon Glass Composite Prepared Using Acrylic Waste Through Laser Treatment

Gilani Syed Qummer Zia, Wiener Jakub, Naeem M. Salman, Javed Zafar, Jabbar Abdul, Abid Hafiz Affan, Karahan Mehmet

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2021

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Vol. 29, no. 4 (148)

81--89

EN

This work explains a novel method of producing activated carbon using laser treatment. Acrylic coated glass samples were developed by padding a glass non-woven sheet in 30% acrylic fibre solution (PAN solution) from waste acrylic bathmats. Samples were then dried and cured at different temperatures. After curing, stabilisation was performed at 230 °C with a heating rate of 50 °C hr-1. Infrared laser irradiation was performed on the stabilised web using a commercial pulsed infrared laser for carbonisation. The resultant acrylic glass carbon composite (AGCC) was characterised with the help of x-ray diffraction analysis, energy dispersive w-ray, and a scanning electron microscope to determine the increase in crystallinity as well as the percentage of carbon and surface roughness of the carbon glass composites. The adsorption capacity of the activated carbon (AC) glass composite prepared was determined by changing process inputs like the concentration of dye, the amount of AC glass composite, the agitation speed and pH. The results were analysed through different adsorption isotherms. It was established that the Freundlich model can more effectively describe results due to the development of heterogeneous surface characteristics. The kinetics of adsorption were studied using first order and second order models.

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano nowatorską metodę wytwarzania węgla aktywnego za pomocą obróbki laserowej. Próbki szkła powlekanego akrylem opracowano przez wyściełanie arkusza włókniny szklanej 30% roztworem włókien akrylowych (roztwór PAN) z odpadów akrylowych mat łazienkowych. Próbki następnie suszono i utwardzano w różnych temperaturach. Po utwardzeniu przeprowadzono stabilizację w 230 °C z szybkością ogrzewania 50 °C/godz. Na stabilizowanej wstędze przeprowadzono naświetlanie laserem podczerwonym przy użyciu komercyjnego impulsowego lasera na podczerwień do karbonizacji. Otrzymany kompozyt akrylowo-węglowy (AGCC) scharakteryzowano za pomocą rentgenowskiej analizy dyfrakcyjnej, energii dyspersyjnej w promieniowaniu oraz skaningowego mikroskopu elektronowego w celu określenia przyrostu krystaliczności oraz zawartości procentowej węgla i chropowatości powierzchni. Zdolność adsorpcyjną przygotowanego kompozytu szklanego z węglem aktywnym (AC) określono zmieniając parametry wejściowe procesu, takie jak stężenie barwnika, ilość kompozytu szklanego AC, szybkość mieszania i pH. Wyniki przeanalizowano za pomocą różnych izoterm adsorpcji. Ustalono, że model Freundlich'a skuteczniej opisuje wyniki dzięki rozwojowi niejednorodnych charakterystyk powierzchni. Kinetykę adsorpcji zbadano za pomocą modeli pierwszego i drugiego rzędu.

3

Fatigue life of polymer dental crown

Michalski J., Stręk T.

Vibrations in Physical Systems

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2018

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Vol. 29

art. no. 2018010

EN

In this article fatigue life of polymer dental crown will be analyzed. Chewing forces occurring in repetitive cycles can lead to fatigue destruction of material. To predict a number of cycles to failure finite element method can be applied and results may be used to improve the design of acrylic dental crowns. Also, the modal analysis will be performed in order to find natural frequencies of the system and prevent destruction from vibrations.

4

Thermo-physical characteristics of acrylic-based building external isolation panels produced from different geological materials

Karataş M. Z., Rizaoğlu T.

Production Engineering Archives

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2018

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Vol. 21

12--19

EN

Here we describe a new type of environmentally sensitive insulation panels which can be used on exterior wall surfaces to minimize all the negative aspects of existing coating materials by taking advantage of natural rock properties. We investigate the decorative characteristics and insulation performance of this new product, obtained by applying materials from different lithologies to Expanded Polystyrene Surfaces (EPS). First, a mortar with 25% acrylic and 75% sand was applied to the EPS by a stripping method using sand size materials from various lithologies (granite, micaschist, basalt, quartzite, and pumice). To determine the optimum thickness, insulation panels containing plaster of 2, 4, 6, and 8 mm thickness were prepared for each lithology. Their thermal conductivity coefficient, bending and compressive strength were tested. Predictably, thermal conductivity coefficient yielded lowest values in 2 mm panels and highest in 8 mm panels for all lithologies. The bending strength also increased proportionaly with thickness. In the compressive strength tests, the highest values were measured for the 2 mm panels while relatively low values were obtained for the 4, 6 and 8 mm panels, except for the micaschist and basalt-based panels. As a result, basalt and pumice offer superior features in the three measured parameters, so, it is expected that different combinations of these two lithologies would offer positive features. In this context, considering its high fire resistance and low thermal conductivity coefficient perpendicular to the planar surface of muscovites, micaschist is the third lithology that can be utilized with the two materials mentioned above. Compared with previous materials, the products investigated in this study are cost effective because they reduce paint costs, application time and total building load. The geomaterials also have aesthetic appeal.

5

Specjalistyczne taśmy samoprzylepne do montażu izolacji technicznych – rodzaje, właściwości i zastosowania

Rogoziński H., Mozelewska K.

Ciepłownictwo, Ogrzewnictwo, Wentylacja

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2017

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T. 48, nr 8

350--352

PL

W artykule opisano najważniejsze rodzaje taśm samoprzylepnych szeroko stosowanych w systemach instalacyjnych. Taśmy te wykorzystywane są do łączenia i uszczelniania izolacji technicznych podczas montażu różnego rodzaju instalacji sanitarnych, ciepłowniczych, wentylacyjnych, chłodniczych i solarnych. Omówiono poszczególne grupy taśm różniące się między sobą rodzajem kleju oraz materiałem nośnika. Podano najbardziej istotne parametry charakteryzujące taśmy samoprzylepne oraz zaprezentowano metody ich pomiaru.

EN

The article presents the most important types of self-adhesive tapes applied widely in insulations. The tapes are used to connect and seal technical insulation while mounting various types of sanitary, heating, ventilation, cooling and solar systems. Numerous groups of tapes, containing varied adhesives and carrier materials have been discussed and most significant parameters characteristic of self-adhesive tapes have been shown together with their measurement methods.

6

Copolymerizable photoinitiators based on benzophenones and their influence on shrinkage of photoreactive acrylic PSAs

Czech Z., Kowalczyk A., Sowa D., Kowalska J, Ragańska P.

International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy

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2013

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Vol. 8, iss. 1

49--56

EN

This manuscript describes a novel class of copolymerizable benzophenone photoinitiators and their influence on viscosity and molecular mass of acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) during radical solvent polymerization and shrinkage of acrylic PSAs coated on PVC film and crosslinked using UV radiation.

7

Asymmetric Y-branch plastic optical fiber coupler

Ehsan A. A., Shaari S.

Optica Applicata

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2011

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Vol. 41, nr 4

807--816

EN

An acrylic-based asymmetric Y-branch plastic optical fiber (POF) coupler has been developed. The optical device is based on a Y-branch coupler design with a middle high index contrast waveguide taper and open space region for output fiber displacement. The middle waveguide taper is constructed on the acrylic block itself without using any additional optical waveguiding medium injected into the engraved taper region. The waveguide taper allows light rays to propagate by total internal reflection and this is achieved by having the material surrounding the waveguide taper to be of a lower refractive index (RI) than that of acrylic (RI of acrylic is 1.49). The area surrounding the waveguide taper has been designed in such a way that it is surrounded by an open air with an RI of 1.0. The high index contrast structure enables large splitting angle and shorter device length. Input and output POFs are inserted into this device structure in such a way that they are passively aligned to the middle waveguide taper structure. A simple attenuation technique based on lateral displacement of two fibers has been proposed and presented for the non-symmetrical coupling ratios. Numerical analysis has been made on the lateral displacement of the output fibers which shows that the device is able to generate non-symmetrical coupling ratios. A simple relationship between the coupling ratios and output fiber separation has been obtained. Device modeling has been performed using non-sequential ray tracing technique on the Y-branch coupler performing as a simple 3 dB coupler with excess loss of 1.83 dB and a coupling ratio of 50:50. The non-symmetrical coupling ratios of the device have been simulated by varying the lateral displacement of one output fiber from 0.1 mm to 4.4 mm. The results for the coupling ratios against the fiber displacement have been obtained and show how the device can be operated as an asymmetric Y-branch POF coupler.

8

Poliakrylanowe kleje samoprzylepne sieciowane dualnie

Czech Z., Butwin A.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2009

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[Z] 63, 3-4

269-284

EN

Pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA) are organic materials based on self-adhesive polymers with adhesion and cohesion properties and used to bond surfaces [1]. Three properties which are useful in characterizing the nature of PSA are tack (initial adhesion), peel adhesion (adhesion) and shear strength (cohesion). Scientific interest in UV-curable system developed in the 1940s, when the first patent was granted for unsaturated polyester styrene inks that polymerize readily under UV exposure [2]. Ultraviolet (UV) cross-linking technology is well established in the market and allows the manufacturing of a wide range of various photoreactive UV-cross-linkable pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA). Industrial applications of UV cross-linkable acrylic PSA have grown tremendously over the last 10 years. The balance between adhesive and cohesive strengths within the cross-linked layers is very important for the performance of UV-cross-linkable PSA. Dual cross-linking (UV and thermal) enables manufacturing of acrylic PSA layers with different adhesion-cohesion properties and offers opportunities to develop novel products in form of self-adhesive tapes with innovative features. UV radiation is used to induce cross-linking of the photoreactive acrylic PSA formulations containing suitable prepolymers, oligomers, unsaturated multifunctional monomers and conventional or unsaturated photoinitiators. Discussed herein is a new generation of photoreactive acrylic PSA that uses this dual (UV and thermal) cross-linking system. These dual cross-linkable acrylic PSA containing incorporated photoreactivity and thermal reactive cross--linking agents are characterized by excellent adhesive and cohesive performance and can be used for production of a wide range of self-adhesive materials.

9

Removal of organic solvents for the purpose of manufacturing of solvent-free pressure-sensitive adhesives

Czech Z., Milker R., Butwin A., Herko E.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2008

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Vol. 10, nr 1

37-40

EN

The present report reports on the process of the removal of organic solvents in the polymerisation reactor, thin-layer evaporator, and twin-screw extruder for the production of the solvent-free acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA). New applications and technical specifications stimulate the continuous development of new methods of manufacturing of non-solvent self-adhesives. The new synthesis of 100% acrylic systems includes solvent polymerisation and finally a removal of volatile organic compounds in a special extruder, polymerisation vessel or an industrial evaporator. The removal process requires controlling such relevant parameters as temperature, pressure and volatile organic compounds concentration.

10

Thermal degradation of plasticizers resistant acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives

Czech Z., Pełech R., Butwin A.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Chemia

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2008

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R. 105, z. 2-Ch

331-337

EN

Pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA) containing, among others, methyl acrylate and their copolymers are plasticizers resistant and are used for different PVC applications, especially for marking and signing products. The thermal degradation of copolymers based on butyl acrylate-methyl acrylate-acrylic acid used as acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives, especially for bonding of plasticizer containing substrates, has been investigated at isothermal 250[degrees]C using pyrolysis-gas chromatography (P-GC). The degradation run process, as well as the kind and amount of the pyrolysis products, give the relevant information about the thermal degradation of acrylic adhesives and a mechanism of pyrolysis degradation. It was observed that during the pyrolysis of butyl acrylate-methyl acrylate-acrylic acid copolymers from unsaturated monomers as methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate and butyl methacrylate were formed. During the side-chain of butyl acrylate-methyl acrylate-acrylic acid-copolymer degradation the presence of methyl alcohol and butyl alcohol was observed.

PL

Poliakrylanowe kleje samoprzylepne zbudowane między innymi z akrylanu metylu i jego kopolimerów są materiałami odpornymi na działanie plastyfikatorów. Pozwala to na ich zastosowanie w różnych aplikacjach PVC, a w szczególności do produkcji foli dekoracyjnych i banerów. Wielu informacji o składzie i rodzaju zastosowanego kleju dostarcza piroliza. Piroliza pozwala również określić mechanizm termicznej degradacji klejów samoprzylepnych. W poniższym artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań nad termiczną degradacją samoprzylepnych klejów poliakrylanowych zbudowanych na bazie akrylanu butylu-akrylanu metylu-kwasu akrylowego, używanych głównie w łączeniu materiałów z materiałami zawierającymi plastyfikatory lub plastyfikowanych materiałów ze sobą. Degradację termiczną prowadzono izotermicznie w temperaturze 250[stopni]C w połączeniu z chromatografią gazową (P-GC). Stwierdzono, że w czasie pirolizy tych kopolimerów tworzą się nienasycone monomery, takie jak: akrylan metylu, metakrylan metylu, akrylan butylu oraz metakrylan butylu. Zaobserwowano również powstawanie alkoholu metylowego i butylowego, powstających w wyniku rozerwania łańcuchów bocznych kopolimeru.

11

Biodegradable acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives

Czech Z., Pełech R., Butwin A.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Chemia

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2008

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R. 105, z. 2-Ch

293-301

EN

Biodegradable water-soluble pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA) based on acrylic are still something of a speciality. They are synthesized from typical acrylate monomers such as soft 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA) or butyl acrylate (BA), hard monomers as methyl acrylate (MA) or ethyl acrylate (EA), hydroxylated acrylates as 2-hydroxyethyl- or 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate and vinyl carboxylic acid suitable for water solubility and crosslinking reaction, as acrylic acid (AA) or [beta]-acryloiloxypropionic acid (BCEA). After synthesis the water-soluble acrylic PSA are modified through addition of water-soluble plasticizers, water-soluble ethoxylated amines, and special soft or hard resins, and neutralized in the presence of potassium hydroxide. After this procedure the water-soluble acrylic PSA are crosslinked using different external crosslinking agents.

PL

Biodegradowalne rozpuszczalne w wodzie poliakrylanowe kleje samoprzylepne mają obecnie szerokie zastosowanie w wielu aplikacjach. Są one otrzymywane z typowych monomerów akrylanowych, takich jak: monomery obniżające temperaturę zeszklenia polimeru: akrylan 2-etyloheksylu (2-EHA) oraz akrylan butylu (BA) oraz monomery podwyższające kohezję, takie jak akrylan metylu (MA) lub akrylan etylu (EA), a także monomery funkcyjne, jak np. akrylan 2-hydroksyetylu, akrylan 2-hydroksypropylu oraz karboksylowe kwasy winylowe, jak np. kwas akrylowy (AA) lub kwas [beta]-akryloilooksypropionowy (BCEA). Po syntezie rozpuszczalne w wodzie akrylanowe (PSA) są modyfikowane przez dodatek wodorozcieńczalnych plastyfikatorów, etanoloamin, specyficznych żywic zmiękczających i utwardzających oraz związków neutralizujących (KOH). Zmodyfikowane są sieciowane przez zastosowanie odpowiednich czynników sieciujących.

12

Studies on the photoreactive acrylic adhesives with high shrinkage resistance

Czech Z.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2004

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Vol. 6, nr 4

5-9

EN

Photoreactive solvent-based acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA) present a new class of the products that offer a potential to produce a novel generation of ultraviolet cured self-adhesive articles with high performance and low shrinkage. A variety of solvent-based acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives were prepared by a synthesis in the ethyl acetate with 50 wt.% solid content, based on 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, acrylic acid, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and the unsaturated photoinitiators: 4-acryloyloxy benzophenone, 2-hydroxy-1-[-(2-acryloyloxyethoxy)phenyl]-2-methyl-1-propanone, alpha-allyl benzoine, 4-acrylamidocarbonyl-dioxy benzophenone, p-vinyl benzophenone and 4-benzophenylvinyl carbonate. The main emphasis is placed on the influence of the photoinitiator concentration, the UV exposure time and the UV dose on the relevant PSA performance such as adhesion, cohesion and shrinkage on the coated PVC carrier.