Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Badania zmian w strukturze płyt włóknisto-cementowych poddanych oddziaływaniom wybranych czynników eksploatacyjnych

Gorzelańczyk Tomasz

Przegląd Budowlany

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2024

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R. 95, nr 3

110--115

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań wpływu zamrażania-rozmrażania oraz naświetlania promieniowaniem UV w komorze starzeniowej na strukturę płyt włóknisto-cementowych. W celu wykazania wpływu wyżej wymienionych czynników płyty w pierwszej kolejności przebadano z wykorzystaniem metody emisji akustycznej w próbie trójpunktowego zginania. Badania te wykazały wyraźny spadek liczby zarejestrowanych zdarzeń EA dla badanych płyt, szczególnie dla tych, które były poddane oddziaływaniu cykli zamrażania-rozmrażania w porównaniu z płytami referencyjnymi. Następnie w celu dokładniejszego zobrazowania zmian zachodzących w strukturze badanych płyt przeprowadzono badania z wykorzystaniem elektronowego mikroskopu skaningowego SEM.

EN

The article presents the results of research on the effect of cyclic freeze-thaw and UV irradiation on the structure of fibre-cement boards in an aging chamber. In order to demonstrate the impact of the above-mentioned factors, the panels were first tested using the acoustic emission method in the three-point bending test. These studies showed a clear decrease in the number of recorded EA events for the tested boards, especially for those that were subjected to freeze-thaw cycles compared to the reference boards. Then, in order to more accurately illustrate the changes occurring in the structure of the tested boards, tests were carried out using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

2

Some aspects of monitoring of different processes in agriculture using acoustic emission phenomena

Barwicki Jan, Borek Kinga, Mazur Kamila

Inżynieria Materiałowa

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2024

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Vol. 45, nr 1

23--27

EN

The technique of acoustic emission has been shown to be useful for monitoring and measurement of transportation and mixing of feed concentrates and other ingredients. This method is ideally suited for flow/no flow alarm indicators, requiring no calibration and only basic electronic support. If the method is to be used for analysis of mixtures, the components must be sufficiently different in particle size or density. Besides that, the detection of particle breakdown and damage should be possible.

PL

Wykazano, że technika emisji akustycznej jest przydatna do monitorowania i pomiaru transportu oraz mieszania koncentratów paszowych i innych składników. Metoda ta idealnie nadaje się do wskaźników alarmowych przepływu/braku przepływu, nie wymagając kalibracji i jedynie podstawowego wsparcia elektronicznego. Jeżeli metoda ma być stosowana do analizy mieszanin, składniki muszą różnić się dostatecznie wielkością cząstek lub gęstością. Poza tym powinno być możliwe wykrywanie rozkładu i uszkodzeń cząstek.

3

Pomiar emisji akustycznej w czasie próbnego obciążenia nowego mostu na Odrze we Wrocławiu

Kliński Maksymilian, Panek Maciej

Inżynieria i Budownictwo

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2024

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R. 80, nr 3

133--140

PL

Technika emisji akustycznej służy monitorowaniu uszkodzeń poprzez analizę zdarzeń wewnątrz materiału. Podczas próbnego obciążenia czujniki umieszczono przy zworniku przęsła. Analiza sygnałów wykazała potencjalne uszkodzenia. Wartości sygnałów porównywano z kryteriami oceny stanu konstrukcji żelbetowych. Regularne pomiary pozwalają śledzić możliwe uszkodzenia, a połączenie z innymi metodami oceny stanu konstrukcji zwiększa ich skuteczność.

EN

The acoustic emission method is applied for damage monitoring through the analysis of internal events within the material. Sensors were placed at the cantilever joint during the proof loading. Signal analysis revealed potential damages. Signal values were compared against criteria for assessing the condition of reinforced concrete structures. Regular measurements detect potential damages, and combining this technique with other methods enhances its efficiency.

4

Comparative Analysis of Acoustic Emission Signals from On-Load Tap-Changers for Potential Detecting of Non-Simultaneous Operations

Cichoń Andrzej, Borucki Sebastian, Włodarz Michał

Archives of Acoustics

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2024

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Vol. 49, nr 2

277--286

EN

The research reported in this paper deals with the potential of detecting non-simultaneous operation in on-load tap-changer (OLTC) using an acoustic emission method. Tests conducted under laboratory conditions were carried out using an OLTC model. Three transducers with different characteristics were used: WD 17 AH, D9241A, and R15α, alongside oscillography as the reference method. The use of two new descriptors in the time domain was proposed. The feasibility of detecting the defect with different piezoelectric transducers was investigated. As a result of the analysis of the results, it was found that each piezoelectric transducer can identify nonsimultaneous operation of the switch. The most significant changes in descriptor values occurred in the time domain, and the most effective transducer turned out to be R15α.

5

Multi-symptom measurement based fault detection of the PEM fuel cell system

Polak Adam, Kluczyk Marcin

International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science

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2023

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Vol. 33, no. 2

197--205

EN

The proper functioning of the fuel cell system depends on the proper operation of all its subsystems. One of the key subsystems is the oxidant supply system, which is responsible for supplying oxygen for the electrochemical reaction taking place in the cell. It also transports the reaction products, i.e., water, outside the fuel cell stack, and in some cases removes excess heat generated in the stack. Changes in the technical condition of machine individual elements always result in changes in operating or residual parameters; however, it is necessary to select appropriate diagnostic methods to be able to use these changes to assess the machine’s technical condition. This article presents the results of research focused on assessing the possibilities of diagnosing the oxidant supply subsystem, in particular, too low an oxidant flow leading to oxygen starvation and cathode flooding, based on the analysis of the voltage occurring in individual cells of the stack as well as on the basis of vibration and acoustic emission (AE) measurements. The presented results show that the faulty operation of that system can be indicated either through electrical and vibroacoustic/acoustic emission measurements.

6

Przegląd nowoczesnych metod nieniszczących wykorzystywanych do badania płyt włóknisto-cementowych

Gorzelańczyk Tomasz, Schabowicz Krzysztof

Badania Nieniszczące i Diagnostyka

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2023

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nr 1-4

30--36

PL

W artykule przedstawiono i omówiono wybrane nowoczesne metody nieniszczące wykorzystywane do badania materiałów kompozytowych jakim są płyty włóknisto-cementowe. Omówiono metodę ultradźwiękową, w tym również z wykorzystaniem fal Lamba, metodę emisji akustycznej, metodę terahercową i metodę optyczną z wykorzystaniem elektronowego mikroskopu skaningowego SEM. Wszystkie te metody zostały z powodzeniem wykorzystane w badaniach, w tym również w badaniach własnych autorów, co jednoznacznie potwierdza ich przydatność w badaniu płyt włóknisto-cementowych.

EN

The article presents and discusses selected modern non-destructive methods used to test composite materials such as fiber-cement boards. The ultrasonic method, including the Lamb wave method, the acoustic emission method, the terahertz method and the optical method using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) are discussed. All these methods have been successfully used in research, including the authors' own research, which clearly confirms their usefulness in the study of fiber-cement boards.

7

Influence of Acoustic Emission Signals and Damage Analysis During the Tensile Test on Al8011 Hybrid Composites by Stir Casting Method

Kannan C. R., Suresh S., Navaneetha Krishnan M.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2023

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Vol. 68, iss. 1

223--235

EN

Metal network compounds have primary properties. The use of lightweight and low vitality is a testament to the growing interest in the automotive industry. Aluminum alloys, due to their advanced physical, mechanical and tribological properties, have become a highly emerging material for a variety of industrial applications and the importance of efficient material selection is explained. In this paper, an Al8011 hybrid metal matrix composite is developed through the stir casting process. The different weight proportions of B4C (3%, 6%, 9% & 12%) and fixed proportions of 2% MoS2 have been used. Composite developed are subjected to mechanical properties evaluation and seawater corrosion studies following standard procedures. To study the porosity of the composite samples, theoretical density and actual density are calculated. An acoustic emission system-assisted tensile test is carried out to report the strength of the composite. From this experimental method, adding reinforcement can increase the tensile strength and hardness of the composites. Under sea water, the increase in reinforcement found an increase in corrosion resistance. Fractured surfaces were perused using SEM and EDS analysis.

8

Application of Improved b-Value and Clustering Analysis for Structural Integrity Assessment of CFRP Specimen under Tensile Loading

Šofer Michal, Kwiatoń Paweł, Pavlíček Pavel

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2023

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Vol. 68, iss. 3

1017--1023

EN

In the present study, the evolution of different failure mechanisms in carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites is being investigated using acoustic emission technique, unsupervised clustering technique and improved b-value analysis. The experimental part involved the realization of tensile tests of different materials, namely samples with [0/90]2S uniaxial layer configuration and [0/90]2S twill fabric samples. Both types of tests were monitored using one wideband acoustic emission sensor, while the tensile tests of twill fabric samples were additionally supplemented with resonant acoustic emission sensor to perform a comparative analysis between datasets from resonant/wideband acoustic emission sensor. The comparative study itself was preceded by the failure mechanisms characterization process, which has been performed on the tensile test dataset of [0/90]2S layer configuration with the contribution of clustering technique. The subsequent analysis of the twill fabric resonant/wideband acoustic emission sensor datasets included the improved b-value technique, which relates the magnitude of fracture with the slope of the amplitude distribution. The presented results, especially in terms of the improved b-value technique applied to individual clusters, show enhanced ability to assess in more detail the actual structural integrity depending on the applied load.

9

Acoustic Emission and Infrared Thermography Study of Low Strain Tensile Behaviour of AISI 304L Stainless Steel

Sapietová Alžbeta, Raček Marek, Dekýš Vladimir, Sapieta Milan, Sága Milan, Šofer Pavel

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2023

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Vol. 68, iss. 2

463--468

EN

In-situ study of deformation behaviour and mechanisms occurring during early stages of deformation is of a great practical importance. Low stacking fault energy materials, as is the case of AISI 304L, show non-linear deformation characteristics way below the bulk yield point. Shockley partial dislocations, formation of stacking faults respectively, resulting in creation of shear bands and ε-martensite transformation are the mechanisms occurring in the low strains in the studied steel. Acoustic emission and infrared thermography have been used in this study to investigate the deformation kinetics at the low strain stages of slow strain rate tensile tests. Acoustic emission cumulative energy together with the tracking of specimen maximum temperature have been found to be very useful in-situ techniques both supplementing each other in the sense of the sensitivity to different mechanisms. Mechanical, acoustic emission and infrared thermography results are discussed in detail with respect to potential occurred mechanism.

10

Failure study of weathered granite based on critical slowing down theory and acoustic emission b-value

Huang Qizheng, Zhao Kang, Yan Yajing, Wu Jun, Nie Qiang, Chen Jiale, Xiao Weiling, Wang Huiping

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 23, no. 3

art. no. e196, 2023

EN

To investigate the precursor characteristics of failure of weathered granite (WG), we conducted uniaxial compression tests on WG specimens using the RMT-150C rock mechanics testing system and the PCI-II acoustic emission (AE) device. We analyzed the AE parameters based on the critical slowing down (CSD) and AE b-value theoretical methods. The study shows that the peak strain value of WG under uniaxial compression is < 1% and the stress falls off rapidly after the peak, and the specimen mainly undergoes brittle failure. The failure process can be divided into four stages: compression stage, elastic deformation stage, plastic development stage, and post-peak failure stage, in which the compression stage lasts longer. The ringing count rate and its cumulative amount can effectively indicate the process of WG failure during loading. As the failure nears, microcracks within the WG accumulate and expand, leading to the appearance of macroscopic cracks. At the same time, the cumulative ringing count rate increases rapidly while the ringing count rate converges to the peak. Furthermore, the rapid increase of autocorrelation coefficient and variance obtained from the CSD theory analysis of ringing counts can be used as a precursor signal of WG failure. The “inflection point” before the sharp rise of the variance curve can be regarded as an early warning point of failure. Based on the characteristic that the b-value shows a large rate fluctuation decrease before the failure of WG, the autocorrelation coefficient and variance variation law obtained by CSD theory and the early warning point are analyzed simultaneously with the b-value variation law, which can accurately grasp the failure characteristics of WG in mines.

11

Deformation and failure laws and acoustic emission characteristics of low‑strength molybdenum ore

Zhao Kang, Yang Jian, Song Yufeng, Wang Qing, Zhao Kangqi, Ji Yongbo

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 23, no. 2

art. no. e74, 2023

EN

Uniaxial compression acoustic emission (AE) tests were conducted on low-strength molybdenum ore (LSMO) to investigate its deformation and failure laws and AE characteristics. The stress-strain curve and AE parameter data of LSMOs were obtained by uniaxial compression AE test, and the relationships of stress, AE parameter, amplitude fractal dimension, and AE b value with loading time were analyzed accordingly to obtain the general law of their deformation and failure and a series of AE characteristics. The research shows that under the action of uniaxial stress, the failure mode of LSMOs mainly shows brittle failure, and the failure form mainly shows monoclinic shear failure. The stress-strain curve shows obvious plastic-elastic deformation, the plastic deformation time is long, and the division of each stage of deformation failure is not obvious. The simultaneous occurrence of large surges in ringing count and energy to higher orders of magnitude can be used as precursor information for failure destabilization of LSMOs. The evolution process of AE parameters of LSMO corresponds well with its deformation and failure process, and the variation pattern of ringing counts and energy shows a high consistency. With increasing stress, the amplitude correlation dimension and b value are mainly in the form of "falling-rising-falling-fluctuating". The results of the study can provide some theoretical basis for the assessment of the stability of the mine surrounding rock and the determination of a reasonable and effective reinforcement plan.

12

Combined experimental–numerical mode I fracture characterization of the pultruded composite bars

Smolnicki Michał, Duda Szymon, Zielonka Paweł, Stabla Paweł, Lesiuk Grzegorz, Lopes Cristiane Caroline Campos

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 23, no. 3

art. no. e146, 2023

EN

In this paper, pultruded GFRP bars are investigated to determine their fracture properties. The double cantilever beam test (DCB) is used to assess fracture behavior under mode I loading conditions. However, due to the presence of the R-curve effect (variable fracture energy dependent on the length of the crack), it is necessary to introduce a nonstandard approach to determine fracture properties. The mixed experimental–numerical approach is proposed to deal with this issue. Numerical simulations were carried out in Simulia Abaqus, and with Python scripting it was possible to generate models and obtain R-curve for the material. The numerical model built based on the experimental results has very good agreement with it (force–displacement and delamination length–time characteristics) which allows the use of the mentioned model in the analysis of more complex structures. Acoustic emission analysis was introduced as an auxiliary technique. The delamination obtained from both the numerical model and the experiment complies with the registered acoustic emission events. The proposed method can be used in preparing a material model for other composite materials, which display the presence of the R-curve effect.

13

Numerical Analysis of Lamb Wave Propagation in Composite Plate with Different Fiber Orientation Angles – Acoustic Emission Approach

Rzeczkowski Jakub

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2023

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Vol. 17, no 5

104--113

EN

This paper aims at numerical finite element (FEM) research of guided Lamb waves propagation in multidirectional composite plates. All simulations were conducted in the Abaqus/CAE software by using the dynamic/explicit solver. The material considered in this work was carbon/epoxy composite laminate with [90⁰/θ/θ/θ/-θ/-θ/-θ/90⁰] stacking sequence where θ set was equal 0⁰, 30⁰, 45⁰, 60⁰ and 90⁰. The main goal of the analysis was to evaluate the influence of fiber orientation angles θ on propagation behavior of the separate symmetric S0 and asymmetric A0 Lamb wave modes. Numerical model was created by using the C3D8R brick element. The Lamb waves were generated by using concentrated force with 200 kHz frequency. The acoustic signal generated by travelling wave was registered at two nodes that represent the acoustic emission sensors. Obtained results were presented in tabular form where separate mode velocities were collected and on the normalized displacement versus time plots depicted registered wave signals. In addition, the contour diagrams and through-thickness deformations plots were created to present behavior of the extensional and the flexural modes. The greatest value of the S0 mode velocity was obtained for unidirectional laminates whereas the lowest for composite plate with 45⁰ fiber orientation angle. The asymmetric mode found to generate slightly greater deformation of plate in XZ plane than the symmetric. Recognition of the Lamb wave behavior in multidirectional laminates will allow to better planning the experimental acoustic emission tests.

14

Application of the Acoustic Emission Technique for Damage Identification in the Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites

Samborski Sylwester, Korzec Izabela

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2023

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Vol. 17, no 1

210--221

EN

A set of experiments having in target determination of fracture resistance was performed on the Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites specimens with an additional monitoring of damage onset and evolution with a so-called Acoustic Emission (AE) technique. The AE technique is a non-destructive material testing method, which enables registering the phenomena usually not audible with a human ear - the frequency bands lay between 100 and 1000kHz. For the FRP composites this enables monitoring various damage phenomena - matrix cracking, delamination, fiber cracking etc. by acquisition and subsequent analysis of several AE parameters: number of hits, number of counts, amplitude or energy of the signal. In the paper advantages of a deeper analysis of the raw AE signal was presented with an application of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), leading to a more detailed damage identification along the whole loading procedure. The study proved the usability of the AE method in damage monitoring of the FRPs; a bundle of illustrative examples of chosen acoustic emission parameters’ evolution displayed on the background of the load applied to composite specimens was presented and interpreted.

15

Testing of Railway Prestressed Concrete Sleepers Using Acoustic Emission

Kowalczyk Dariusz

Problemy Kolejnictwa

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2022

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Z. 197

161--174

EN

The article describes the tests of prestressed concrete sleepers made according to the method specified in the requirements of the European standards (EN 13230-2:2009 Railway applications – Track – Concrete sleepers and bearers – Part 2: Prestressed monoblock sleepers) and WTWiO regulations, and an additional measurement method was used – acoustic emission (AE). The purpose of the tests using the acoustic emission method was to verify the results obtained using other test methods described in the European standard. The use of this method in sleeper tests enables obtaining precise data from the sleeper load test and determination of the characteristic parameters based on the recorded AE signals. Due to the variety of existing sleepers and the development of products in this area: wooden sleepers, composite sleepers, steel sleepers (type Y), the use of the acoustic emission method in research will be a good support and will enable proper assessment of these elements of the railway road.

16

Application of the corrosion tester in corrosion tests using the acoustic emission method

Emilianowicz Krzysztof, Supernak Milena, Ossowska Agnieszka

Polish Maritime Research

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2022

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nr 3

167--175

EN

The article presents an innovative method of corrosion tests using the acoustic emission method and the corrosion tester. The problem of corrosion occurring in ballast tanks and tanks carrying petroleum products is discussed. The acoustic method is presented which, due to the use of a unique corrosion tester, is used to monitor the course of corrosion processes in steel. The principle of operation of the corrosion tester, its construction and its use in Non Destructive Testing (NDT) are described in detail. Corrosion test results, obtained with the use of a corrosion tester, are presented. An analysis and a short discussion of the obtained results are given. The results of both the acoustic and metallographic tests prove the possibility of detecting material damage occurring during the operation of the corrosion tester, allowing determination of the course and type of corrosion damage.

17

Prefabricated fractured rock under stepwise loading and unloading

Zhang Wei, Zhao Tongbin, Yin Yanchun

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

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2022

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Vol. 60 nr 1

167--179

EN

After the engineering rock mass has been affected by comprehensive effects of mining and disturbance, it experiences an input of external energy as well as dissipation and release of internal energy. From the viewpoint of energy, characteristics of rock failure are studied, and the law of rock unstable deformation and energy evolution is analyzed. The damage mechanism of rock is revealed easily. A gradual loading and unloading test of fractured rock is carried out to analyze deformation characteristics of the fractured rock during the load- -bearing process, and to study the law of energy dissipation and release under different load- ing and unloading stress levels. The results show that: (1) the load-bearing time, loading and unloading stress level, stress at crack initiation and peak stress of fractured rock gradually decrease with an increase in the number of cracks, and the descending speed decreases grad- ually with the increase in the number of cracks; (2) the strain at crack initiation and peak strain of the fractured rock increase gradually with an increase in the number of cracks, and the gathering speed decreases with the increase of the number of cracks; (3) the released strain energy and dissipation energy of fractured rock increase with an increase of loading and unloading stress levels, and the increasing rate gradually slows down; (4) the number of acoustic emission events is positively related to the degree of rock damage, and the increase in the number of cracks will prolong duration of the number of acoustic emission events. The results have a theoretical value for energy evolution and deformation damage of fractured rock masses, and also provide experimental experience to study the instability precursor information of rock materials from the viewpoint of energy.

18

The use of acoustic emission to determine the safe load range of GFRP composites used in ship and aviation structures

Dudzik Krzysztof, Charchalis Adam

Journal of KONBiN

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2022

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Vol. 52, iss. 3

87--105

EN

The article presents the methodology and results of strength tests with simultaneous registration of acoustic emission. The subject of the research were glass fibrereinforced plastics (GFRP) made by hand lamination. The obtained results allows to identify the stresses characteristic of the individual stages of the material failure process. These results can be the basis for determining the safe scope of application of the mentioned materials, especially helpful at the stage of designing ship and aircraft structures. The analysis of the test results allows to determine the safe level of stresses not exceeding about 70 MPa.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono metodykę oraz wyniki badań wytrzymałościowych z jednoczesną rejestracją emisji akustycznej. Przedmiotem badań były materiały kompozytowe polimerowo-szklane wykonane metodą laminowania ręcznego. Uzyskane wyniki pozwalają na identyfikację naprężeń charakterystycznych dla poszczególnych etapów procesu niszczenia badanego materiału. Wyniki te mogą być podstawą do wyznaczania bezpiecznego zakresu stosowania wspomnianych materiałów, szczególnie pomocne na etapie projektowania konstrukcji okrętowych i lotniczych. Analiza wyników przeprowadzonych badań pozwalają określić bezpieczny poziom naprężeń nieprzekraczających ok. 70 MPa.

19

Amplitude-energy parameters of acoustic radiation with composite properties changing and mises destruction

Filonenko Sergii, Stakhova Anzhelika

Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems

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2022

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Vol. 16, No. 4

19--24

EN

The main problem with using acoustic emission to control and diagnostics of composite materials and products from composite materials is the interpretation and identification of recorded information during development processes occurring in the material’s structure. This is due to the high sensitivity of the acoustic emission method to various influencing factorsand the practical absence of acoustic radiation models. To solve this problem, it is necessary to determine the influence of various factors on acoustic radiation parameters. In this study, based on the acoustic radiation developed model we simulate the influence of one parameter characterizing composite properties on acoustic emission energy parameters during composite material destruction by shear forces according to the von Mises criterion. Simulation of acoustic radiation under given conditions makes it possible to determine the patterns of acoustic emission signals energy parameters changes and their sensitivity to changes of influencing factor, as well as to obtain mathematical expressions for describing obtained patterns. The results of this case study can be useful for developing methods of control, monitoring and diagnostics of composite materials and products made from composite materials.

20

Zastosowanie emisji akustycznej w diagnostyce obiektów mostowych

Kliński Maksymilian, Kużawa Mieszko

Inżynieria i Budownictwo

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2022

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R. 78, nr 11-12

467--471

PL

Pomiary emisji akustycznej należą do intensywnie rozwijających się metod diagnostycznych stosowanych w mostownictwie. Celem tych badań jest wykrycie procesów degradacji i uszkodzeń materiału na wczesnych etapach ich powstawania. Pozwala to na wczesną reakcję i zapobieganie rozprzestrzenianiu się uszkodzeń, które mogą w przyszłości wpłynąć na trwałość i bezpieczeństwo obiektu. Badania krótkoterminowe mogą służyć do kontroli stanu obiektów, w tym do określenia poziomu sprężenia elementów betonowych. Długoterminowe pomiary umożliwiają śledzenie rozwoju procesów degradacyjnych w obiektach mostowych. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono podstawy teoretyczne i wybrane przykłady zastosowań metod pomiaru emisji akustycznej w diagnostyce stalowych i betonowych obiektów mostowych.

EN

The article presents the implementation of an electronic monitoring system for a post-tensioned concrete bridge requiring in-depth, continuous diagnostics due to its poor technical condition. The monitoring system for the bridge over the Odra in Kędzierzyn-Koźle is the first system in Poland for long-term, continuous observation of the physical response (static and dynamic) of the structure (being in operation for many years) with significant damage. For the first time in Poland, the FBG fiberoptic measurement techniques were used for continuous long-term monitoring of the bridge structure.