Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Badania transportu masy podczas heterogenicznej reakcji cieczy kwasujących i naturalnych rdzeni węglanowych

Czupski M., Kasza P.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2016

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T. 95, nr 5

938--942

PL

Opisano wpływ, jaki na efektywność zabiegów kwasowania wywiera szybkość reakcji cieczy zabiegowej i skały złożowej, oraz metodykę jej pomiaru za pomocą aparatu „wirujący dysk”. Badania zjawiska transportu masy wykonano dla rdzeni pochodzących ze skał węglanowych jednego z krajowych złóż oraz roztworów kwasu solnego, żelowanych i emulgowanych roztworów HCl. Dla emulsji typu kwas w ropie uzyskano znacznie mniejsze wartości współczynników dyfuzji efektywnej niż dla roztworów kwasu solnego. Skuteczność tego typu cieczy zabiegowych została potwierdzona w praktyce na jednym z krajowych złóż zlokalizowanych w formacjach węglanowych (wapienie, dolomity), z którego prowadzone jest wydobycie ropy i gazu.

EN

Four H₃BO, Li, transition metal ions and anions-containing model solns. were treated either with an anion exchange resin or with a cation-chelating agent and then analyzed by spectroscopic methods for anions and cations present in the pre-treated soln. samples. The procedure based on chelating the cations was more efficient at detn. of transition metal ions.

2

Stabilizacja chemiczna gruntów spoistych

Wons W., Mandecki J., Rzepa K.

Magazyn Autostrady

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2016

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Nr 8-9

39--42

PL

Stabilizacja chemiczna gruntów jest nie tylko alternatywną do stabilizacji spoiwami metodą poprawy właściwości gruntu, ale też metodą o szerszym wachlarzu potencjalnych zastosowań. Między innymi daje możliwość wykonywania iniekcji w działaniach naprawczych, w gruntach pod istniejącymi konstrukcjami drogowymi.

EN

Chemical stabilization is still an unpopular method of soil parameters improvement in road construction in Poland. One of the reasons for this is a small number of publications and scientific descriptions of this topic. In the English literature, articles about soil stabilization using swelling organic polymers, inorganic acids and soluble inorganic salts can be found. The main advantage of chemical stabilization is the possibility of its non-standard applications: performing injections during the correction actions in soils under the existing road constructions or stabilization of very cohesive soils. In the article, the results of clay soil treatment using different inorganic reagents are presented. The most interesting results of stabilization have been obtained with the use of s ulphuric acid.

3

Characterization of perlites from Jastrabá and Lehôtka pod Brehmi deposits

Varga P., Lexa J., Uhlik P., Rajnoha M.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2015

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Vol. 41, no. 1

146

EN

Perlite is an important industrial mineral with unique properties. It is an acid volcanic glass (rhyolitic or rhyodacitic) with a water content between 1 to 5%. The largest industrial use is in the form of expanded pearlite. This produced by rapidly heated, grinded natural perlite at 600–900°C (Barker & Santini 2006). Perlite occurrences represent economic accumulation in Slovakia. Perlite is mined at the Lehôtka pod Brehmi deposit for a long time and now is starting to open Jastrabá deposit. The aim of this paper is characterization and correlation of samples of both deposits and samples from locality Szabova skala due to their different genesis. The perlite from Lehôtka pod Brehmi deposit has been characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, IR spectroscopy and thermal analysis in the current research (Uhlík et al. 2014). Any significant differences were not identified in the content of volcanic glass, crystalline phases, or content of water. Only one differences have been observed in the macroscopically different perlite glasses (color, texture) – porosity. The macroscopically (color, texture) of different perlite glasses differences were once in porosity. The purpose of this article is to characterize the perlite sample by optical microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and microprobe analysis. The characterization of perlitic glass is important not only for the mining company because of heterogeneity of Lehôtka pod Brehmi deposit, but also from a scientific point of view and about 30-years gap of perlite studies in the Central Slovakian Volcanic Field (Capková 1976, Kraus et al. 1980, 1985, Zuberec et al. 1980, 1983).

4

Usuwanie bromków i bromianów z wody w procesie wymiany anionów przez membranę jonowymienną

Wiśniewski J. A., Kabsch-Korbutowicz M., Łakomska S.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2013

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Tom 15, cz. 2

1260--1273

EN

Bromide ions are present both in surface and ground water and their concentration ranges from several to 800 µg/L. Bromides are not reported to be detrimental to human health but their presence in the water being disinfected is a contributing factor in the formation of harmful disinfection by-products (DBP). During water disinfection with chlorine, bromides are oxidized to hypobromous acid (HOBr), which reacts with natural organic matter (NOM) to form carcinogenic brominated trihalomethanes (BrTHM). When ozone is used in water disinfection, bromides are oxidized to hypobromite ions (OBr-/) and thereafter to bromates (BrO3-). Bromates are ions exerting a carcinogenic effect on human organisms. According to the data published by the US Environmental Protection Agency, the lifetime risk of cancer disease amounts to 10-4, for a man consuming daily 2 L of water containing 5 μg BrO3-/L. The above data prove that bromides or bromates should be removed from drinking water. Among the methods used for this purpose, coagulation (for bromide removal) and granular activated carbon adsorption or reverse osmosis (for bromate removal) provide the highest removal efficiency. We proposed Donnan dialysis with anion-exchange membrane for removal of bromides or bromates from water. In this process, an anion-exchange membrane separates two solutions: the feeding solution (with harmful anions) and the receiver (with a simple salt of a relatively high concentration). Transport of the driving anions (e.g. chlorides) from the receiver to the feeding solution induces an equivalent, oppositely directed anion flow to the receiver. In this way the harmful anions that occur in the solution being treated (bromides or bromates) are replaced with neutral ions from the receiver (i.e. chlorides). Donnan dialysis was performed in a laboratory dialytic set-up containing 20 cell pairs with anion-exchange membranes, Selemion AMV (Asahi Glass) or Neosepta ACS (Tokuyama Corp.). The working area of the membranes amounted to 0.140 m2. The feed was natural water enriched with bromide salt (500 µg Br-/L) or with bromate salt (50 µg BrO3-/L). The receiver was NaCl solution with concentration ranging from 50 to 300 mM. It was found that Donnan dialysis with the anion-exchange membrane Selemion AMV enables high removal efficiency of bromides from natural water containing 500 µg Br-/L. The efficiency of bromide removal amounts to 86% at a relatively low NaCl concentration in the receiver (100 mM). The exchange of bromide ions for chloride ions is paralleled by the exchange of associated anions: sulphates (with 76% efficiency) and bicarbonates (with 70% efficiency). Compared to the anion-exchange process with Selemion AMV, the process involving Neosepta ACS (an anion-exchange membrane of a compact surface structure) provides a higher efficiency of bromide removal that amounts to 90%. In this process, retention of the associated anions is relatively high: sulphates are exchanged for chlorides with the efficiency of 3% and bicarbonates – with the efficiency of 43%. The anion-exchange process with the membrane Selemion AMV offers complete removal of bromates from natural water (containing 50 µg BrO3-/L), when salt concentration in the receiver is low (100 mM NaCl). There is aconcomitant exchange of other anions for chloride ions: sulphates are exchanged for chlorides with the efficiency of 93% and bicarbonates – with the efficiency of 73%. The anion-exchange process also provides complete removal of bromates from natural water, when use is made of the Neosepta ACS membrane. However, the exchange of sulphate ions and bicarbonate ions for chloride ions is poor (3% efficiency and 47% efficiency, respectively). Such treatment approach may be recommended for implementation, when the concentration of anions (especially that of bicarbonates) in the water to be treated is low.

5

Bioługowanie metali ciężkich z odpadów pogalwanicznych przy neutralnym pH środowiska, w obecności bakterii produkujących biosurfaktanty

Karwowska E., Andrzejewska-Morzuch D

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2012

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Tom 14

597--606

EN

Precipitates and sludges from the galvanic industry are one of the sources of the environment contamination with heavy metals. Therefore, the investigations are carried out in order to developer the effective method of metals elimination from these wastes. The promising results are obtained in case of the application of microbial leaching. Up to now results concerned mainly the metals bioleaching in acidic environment. In this research work the possibility of heavy metals removal from galvanic wastes using the culture of sulphur oxidizing bacteria (pH 2-4) and a mixed culture of both sulphur oxidizing bacteria and biosurfactant producing bacteria (pH 6.5-8) was examined. It allowed to compare the process effectiveness in acidic and neutral environment. The cultures were prepared based on the activated sludge from the municipal wastewater treatment plant. The presence of sulphur oxidizing bacteria Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans was confirmed using the PCR method. Bacillus subtilis and B. cereus strains were applied as biosurfactant producers. Three galvanic wastes, different in grain size, water content and heavy metal concentration, were bioleached. The research revealed that the metal release from galvanic wastes was more effective in presence of biosurfactant, especially in case of copper, but also for cadmium and chromium. The process effectiveness in acidic condition was comparatively lower. Zinc was the only metal that was bioleached faster in acidic environment, with similar final metal removal after 25 days of the process. The maximum values of metals elimination in the presence of biosurfactant depended on the bioleached waste type and were: 7.1-100% for copper, 3.7-50.3% for zinc, 30-50.5% for chromium, 34.1-71.9% for cadmium. The effectiveness of the nickel and lead removal was lower than 5%. The prolongation of the bioleaching period up to 40 days in case of waste C (the less susceptible to the bioleaching) resulted in elimination of 67.9% of Cu, 34.7% of Zn, 100% of Cr and 39.1% of Pb, while the effectiveness of nickel removal was still very low.

6

Problemy związane z eksploatacją ciepłowni geotermalnych wykorzystujących wody termalne z kolektorów porowych

Biernat H., Kulik S., Noga B.

Technika Poszukiwań Geologicznych

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2010

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R. 49, nr 1-2

17-28

PL

W artykule przedstawione zostały problemy związane z postępującym spadkiem wydajności i efektywności zatłaczania oraz postępującą korozją w otworach zatłaczających. Wydaje się, że procesu inkrustacji obecnie nie da się całkowicie wyeliminować przy zatłaczaniu wód do kolektorów porowych. Po ograniczeniu lub wręcz wyeliminowaniu korozji w Ciepłowni Geotermalnej w Pyrzycach, aby ograniczyć strefy przyodwiertowej związkami chemicznymi, zastosowano miękkie kwasowanie, a obecnie prowadzone są prace związane z wdrożeniem super miękkiego kwasowania.

EN

The article presents the problems associated with progressive loss of productivity and efficiency of the pumping and the progressive corrosion in injection wells. It seems that the process currently inlys can not be completely eliminated by pumping walcr into the porous collectors. After the reduction or even elimination of corrosion in a geothermal plant in Pyrzyce to reduce hint well zone chemicals, used soft acids and work is now underway towards the deployment of super-soft acid treatment.

7

Zmniejszenie szybkości reakcji dla zwiększenia efektywności zabiegów kwasowania złóż węglanowych o wysokiej temperaturze

Kasza P.

Wiertnictwo, Nafta, Gaz

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2007

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T. 24, z. 1

263-268

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań laboratoryjnych nad zastosowaniem emulsji ropno-kwasowej do zabiegów kwasowania matrycowego w złożach węglanowych o wysokiej temperaturze. Badania były prowadzone pod kątem wykorzystania tej technologii do intensyfikacji wydobycia odwiertów złoża BMB. Po zakończeniu badań wykonano zabieg pilotażowy. Po potwierdzeniu pozytywnych rezultatów, technologia kwasowania matrycowego emulsją ropno-kwasową została wdrożona do stosowania w odwiertach złoża BMB. W wyniku wykonanych zabiegów uzyskano wzrost wydobycia ropy i gazu oraz ograniczenie ciśnienia różnicowego.

EN

Laboratory research of use emulsified acid for matrix acidizing treatment in high temperature carbonate reservoirs was presented in this paper. The main goal of this research was introduce this technology to use in stimulation wells of BMB oil field. After the research a pilot treatment has been done. After obtaining positive results from this treatment, this technology has been used for stimulating BMB oil and gas wells. Oil and gas production increase and differential pressure drop were observed after acidizing operations.

8

Ground water quality in the Arabian-Nubian shield, Mount Sinai, Egypt

Ghodeif Kamal, Dragon Krzysztof, Górski Józef

Geologos

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1999

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Vol. 4

29--46

EN

This paper describes the quality of ground water in Mount Sinai as an example of ground water quality in the Arabian-Nubian shield. The chemical analysis for the major dissolved solids of about thirty water samples from dug wells and springs were treated by a methodology combining both the graphical and statistical techniques. The impact of the country rocks, atmosphere and human activities on ground water quality was discussed. Mount Sinai is characterized by fresh water, where the hydrochemical background of the TDS is estimated between 320 and 650 mg/L, the dominant water type is Ca (HCO3)2 - (NaCl). Ground water quality shows a seasonal variation, where the evaporation process increase the concentration of all the dissolved salts. The dissolved salts have the same source, which may be a combination of both the atmospheric salts (dust and sea spray) and the weathering products. The main source of atmospheric salts are probably the coastal sediments of the Gulf of Suez.

PL

Artykuł opisuje jakość wód podziemnych w górach Synaju jako przykład dla obszaru Tarczy Arabsko-Nubijskiej. Analizy chemiczne w zakresie głównych składników rozpuszczonych dla około 30 prób wody ze studni kopanych i źródeł zostały opracowane za pomocą technik graficznych i statystycznych. Przedyskutowano wpływ środowiska skalnego, atmosfery i działalności człowieka na jakość wód podziemnych. Dla gór Synaju charakterystyczne są wody słodkie o tle hydrochemicznym mineralizacji w zakresie 320-650 mg/L i dominującym typie Ca(HCO3)2 - (NaCl). Jakość wód podziemnych zmienia się sezonowo - w okresie wzmożonego parowania wzrasta koncentracja wszystkich rozpuszczonych składników. Źródłem substancji rozpuszczonych w wodzie są zarówno sole pochodzenia atmosferycznego (pyły i aerosole wody morskiej) jak i produkty wietrzenia skał. Głównym źródłem soli pochodzenia atmosferycznego są najprawdopodobniej skały osadowe, występujące w strefie przybrzeżnej Zatoki Sueskiej.