Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Methodology to improve the accuracy of determining the position of UAVS equipped with single-frequency receivers for the purposes of gathering data on aviation obstacles

Lalak Marta, Krasuski Daniel, Wierzbicki Damian

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 119

83--104

EN

Low-altitude photogrammetric studies are often applied in detection of aviation obstacles. The low altitude of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) flight guarantees high spatial resolution (X, Y) of the obtained data. At the same time, due to high temporal resolution, UAVs have become an appropriate tool for gathering data about such obstacles. In order to ensure the required accuracy of orientation of the photogrammetric block, Ground Control Points (GCPs) are measured. The recently introduced UAV positioning solutions that are based on Post-Processing Kinematic (PPK) and Real Time Kinematic (RTK) are known to effectively reduce, or, according to other sources, even completely eliminate the necessity to conduct GCP measurements. However, the RTK method involves multiple limitations that result from the need to ensure continuous communication between the reference station and the rover receiver. The main challenge lies in achieving accurate orientation of the block without the need to conduct time-consuming ground measurements that are connected to signalling and measuring the GCPs. Such solution is required if the SPP code method is applied to designation the position of the UAV. The paper presents a research experiment aimed at improving the accuracy of the determination of the coordinates of UAV for the SPP method, in real time. The algorithm of the SPP method was improved with the use of IGS products.

2

SCAN-TO-BIM method and analysis of measurement accuracy on the example of a historic church

Leśniak Agnieszka, Skrzypczak Izabela, Kruszka Leopold, Jaskowska-Lemańska Justyna

Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa Obiektów Antropogenicznych

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2023

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Nr 4

91--104

EN

Building information modeling (BIM) data for existing buildings based on scans and point clouds acquired from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is the basis of the Scan-to-BIM methodology and is becoming common practice. However, work on the accuracy of the resulting model is still desired. The article discusses the possibility of developing a BIM model of a historical building, based on data obtained by terrestrial laser scanning. The subject of the study was the church in Posada Rybotycka (Poland). The mapping reliability studies included PointCab and ReCap point cloud processing, 3D modeling of the object using Revit software, and analysis of the accuracy of distance measurements made by TLS with data obtained from measurements made with traditional methods: total station and laser rangefinder. Based on the conducted research, the possibility of using the BIM with TLS data in the process of reconstructing the geometry of a historic building was evaluated. The results of the study showed that the convergence of the 3D model geometry with the actual course of the structure depends on the development methodology, i.e. the accuracy of 3D data acquisition, the registration process, the filtering procedure, or the parametric structural modeling method used.

3

Optimizations in Dynamic Origin Technique for Efficient Lane Detection for Autonomous Vehicles

Maya P., Tharini C.

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

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2023

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Vol. 69, No. 2

407--413

EN

Driver assistance systems have started becoming a key differentiator in automotive space and all major automotive manufacturers have such systems with various capabilities and stages of implementation. The main building blocks of such systems are similar in nature and one of the major building blocks is road lane detection. Even though lane detection technology has been around for decades, it is still an ongoing area of research and there are still several improvements and optimizations that are possible. This paper offers an Optimized Dynamic Origin Technique (Optimized DOT) for lane detection. The proposed optimization algorithm of optimized DOT gives better results in performance and accuracy compared to other methods of lane detection. Analysis of proposed optimized DOT with various edge detection techniques, various threshold levels, various sample dataset and various lane detection methods were done and the results are discussed in this paper. The proposed optimized DOT lane detection average processing time increases by 9.21 % when compared to previous Dynamic Origin Technique (DOT) and 59.09 % compared to traditional hough transform.

4

Analysis of the influence of selected Slicer parameters on the mapping accuracy in the FFF method

Budzik Grzegorz, Zaborniak Małgorzata, Roczniak Jakub

Polimery

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2022

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Vol. 67, nr 10

483--488

EN

The methodology and measurement results of the machine part produced directly from the 3D-CAD numerical model are presented. Representative additive techniques based on polymer processing were used. The accuracy of replication of CAD numerical models was assessed in terms of both external surface analysis and part volume.

PL

Przedstawiono metodykę oraz wyniki pomiarów części maszyny wytworzonej bezpośrednio z modelu numerycznego 3D-CAD. Zastosowano reprezentatywne techniki addytywne bazujące na przetwarzaniu polimerów. Dokonano oceny dokładności replikacji modeli numerycznych CAD zarówno w ujęciu analizy powierzchni zewnętrznych, jak i objętości części.

5

Zastosowanie bezzałogowych statków powietrznych w dokumentowaniu geologiczno-inżynierskim

Piechota Arkadiusz, Sobótka Przemysław

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2021

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Vol. 69, nr 12

861--866

EN

The article presents the possibilities of using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in engineering geology. The first part compares the method of obtaining products from UAV with airborne laser scanning, showing its limitations and advantages. Then, examples of using the products made from photos obtained from UA V raids (digital surface model - DSM, digital terrain model - DTM and orthophotomosaic) were introduced. The examples are assigned to the individual phases of engineering geology documentation (collecting available information about the site, designing research, performing research and presenting research results). The last part presents an analysis of the accuracy of an exemplary model created from a UAV raid based on control points measured using the GNSS-RTN method. The result of the analysis was the confirmation of the possibility of obtaining information about the area from the DSM, DTM and orthophotomosaic with high accuracy comparable to classic land surveying methods.

6

Accuracy Characteristics of the Selected Diagnostics Methods and the Adjustment of Geodetic Observations

Kulupa Martyna, Magda Paulina, Mrówczyńska Maria

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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2021

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Vol. 31, no. 4

167--183

EN

The article presents the results of the adjustment of the experimental horizontal geodetic network using the classical method and the estimation of strengths in identifying observations with gross error and analyzing the accuracy of the obtained results. The presented analyses were made considering the possibility of their use in implementation networks and measurement and control networks used for monitoring building structures. The paper's subject was a horizontal network established on the Morasko campus (Poznań). While creating it, the practical needs and economics of measurements were taken into account. The obtained results of numerical analyzes confirmed the benefits of using the methods of estimating strengths in the equalization process, which give satisfactory results in the case of outliers.

7

Wyznaczanie osi torów tramwajowych z wykorzystaniem satelitarnego wieloantenowego systemu pomiarowego

Wilk Andrzej, Specht Cezary, Koc Władysław, Karwowski Krzysztof, Skibicki Jacek, Szmagliński Jacek, Dąbrowski Paweł, Specht Mariusz, Zienkiewicz Marek, Judek Sławomir, Chrostowski Piotr, Skóra Marcin, Grulkowski Sławomir

Przegląd Komunikacyjny

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2020

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R. 75, nr 4

2--10

PL

Niniejszy artykuł nawiązuje do badań, które od 2009 roku prowadzi interdyscyplinarny zespół naukowy z Politechniki Gdańskiej i Uniwersytetu Morskiego w Gdyni. Badania te dotyczą problemu wyznaczania osi toru kolejowego z wykorzystaniem techniki mobilnych pomiarów satelitarnych. Podążając za dynamicznym rozwojem technik GNSS, który można było obserwować w czasie ostatniej dekady, zespół przeprowadzał kolejne doświadczenia nakierowane na opracowanie efektywnej metody pomiarowej. Wykorzystując nabyte w tym okresie doświadczenie, przeprowadzono kolejną kampanię pomiarową na torach tramwajowych w Gdańsku. Nadrzędnym celem tych pomiarów było sprawdzenie, jak w zróżnicowanych warunkach terenowych sprawdzą się nowe założenia dotyczące sposobu mocowania anten oraz ich rozmieszczenia na platformie pomiarowej. Do tego celu wykorzystano dziesięć zestawów odbiorników GNSS oferowanych przez dwóch niezależnych producentów – obecnych liderów na rynku. Wybór poligonu testowego umożliwił analizę powtarzalności uzyskiwanych wyników z wielokrotnych pomiarów w warunkach o zróżnicowanej dostępności sygnałów GNSS. W artykule, w sposób syntetyczny zaprezentowano przebieg przeprowadzonych badań oraz otrzymane rezultaty.

EN

This article refers to research, that has been conducted by an interdisciplinary research team from the Gdańsk University of Technology and the Maritime University in Gdynia since 2009. These investigation concerns the determination of a railway track axis using the mobile satellite measurement technique. Following the dynamic development of GNSS techniques, that could be seen in the last decade, the team carried out further experiments aimed at developing an effective measurement method. Using the acquired experience in this period, another measurement campaign was carried out on the tram tracks in Gdansk. The main goal of these measurements was to check how the new assumptions regarding the method of mounting the antennas as well as their placement on the measuring platform will work in various field conditions. For this purpose, ten sets of GNSS receivers offered by two independent manufacturers – currently market leaders – were used. The choice of testing track section made it possible to analyze the repeatability of results obtained from multiple measurements in conditions of varying GNSS signal availability. The article presents in a synthetic way the course of this research and the obtained results.

8

Measurement of straightness and verticality of sheet piling

Kokoszka Wanda, Ochab Piotr, Gardzińska Anna

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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2020

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Vol. 30, no. 3

281--294

EN

Sheet piling is commonly used in various areas of special construction. Embedded in the ground before carrying out excavation works, sheet piling constitutes an enclosure and protection for the designed excavation. It is a temporary enclosure and protection for excavations made for communication structures, launch shafts built for microtunnel construction, etc. In order to assess the quality of the engineering works related to the construction of sheet piling, measurements were made of straightness and verticality of the sheet piling used for the technological chambers. The measurements concerned two technological chambers of 7.2 and 6.4 m height. Inventory measurements were made using a total station of 1” accuracy and a leveling staff with the appliance of the socalled projection method. The two technological chambers were built in the investment area called “Infrastructure construction for rainwater drainage, water supply and sanitary sewage collection from the John Paul II International Airport Kraków-Balice.”

9

Analiza dokładności odwzorowania modeli CAD części polimerowych wytwarzanych z zastosowaniem reprezentatywnych technik addytywnych w procesie produkcji w konwencji Przemysł 4.0

Cader Maciej, Zaborniak Małgorzata, Stączek Michał

Polimery

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2019

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T. 64, nr 6

436--441

PL

Przedstawiono metodykę oraz wyniki oceny jakości części maszyn wytworzonych bezpośrednio z modelu numerycznego CAD 3D. Analizowano właściwości części otrzymanych za pomocą reprezentatywnych technik addytywnych opartych na przetwarzaniu polimerów oraz światłoczułych żywic. Cały proces wytwarzania części prowadzono zgodnie z konwencją Przemysł 4.0. Ocena dokładności odtwarzania modeli numerycznych CAD obejmowała zarówno jakość powierzchni zewnętrznych i objętość wytworzonych części, jak i stopień odwzorowania wymiarów.

EN

This paper presents the methodology and quality assessment results for machine parts produced directly from CAD 3D numerical model. The parts were produced using representative additive manufacturing technologies based on polymers and UV light-cured resins processing and their properties were analyzed. The whole process was conducted according to Industry 4.0 convention. The assessment of the reproduction accuracy of CAD 3D models covered the quality of external surfaces, volume of manufactured parts as well as dimension accuracy.

10

Analysis of accuracy of the generous orthophotomap on the basis of digital aerial photos collected for the airport Dęblin

Lalak Marta

Journal of KONBiN

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2019

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Vol. 49, iss. 3

471--496

EN

The article presents the technological process of generating an orthophotomap based on photos obtained from the aviation ceiling. To achieve the intended goal, it was necessary to design and measure a field photogrammetric matrix. A method of GNSS technique measurement was chosen for the measurement of the photopoints. The aim of the research was to generate an orthophotomap and to evaluate the impact of parameter selection on the orthophotomap accuracy. The obtained ortho-images were compared with the orthophotomap obtained from the resources of the Central Geodesic and Cartographic Documentation Center. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the change of parameters during the generation of intermediate products does not significantly affect the accuracy of the resulting orthophotomap.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono proces technologiczny generowania ortofotomapy na podstawie zdjęć pozyskanych z pułapu lotniczego. W tym celu konieczne było zaprojektowanie i pomiar polowej osnowy fotogrametrycznej. Do pomiaru fotopunktów wykorzystano techniki GNSS. Celem badań było wygenerowanie ortofotomapy i ocena wpływu doboru parametrów na jej dokładność. Otrzymane ortoobrazy porównano z ortofotomapą z zasobu Centralnego Ośrodka Dokumentacji Geodezyjnej i Kartograficznej. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników stwierdzono, iż zmiana parametrów podczas generowania produktów pośrednich nie wpływa znacząco na dokładność wynikowej ortofotomapy.

11

Improving state estimation in smart distribution grid using synchrophasor technology: a comparison study

Richter M., Komarnicki P., Hauer I.

Archives of Electrical Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 67, nr 3

469-–483

EN

Both the growing number of dispersed generation plants and storage systems and the new roles and functions on the demand side (e.g. demand side management) are making the operation (monitoring and control) of electrical grids more complex, especially in distribution. This paper demonstrates how to integrate phasor measurements so that state estimation in a distribution grid profits optimally from the high accuracy of PMUs. Different measurement configurations consisting of conventional and synchronous mea- surement units, each with different fault tolerances for the quality of the calculated system state achieved, are analyzed and compared. Weighted least squares (WLS) algorithms for conventional, linear and hybrid state estimation provide the mathematical method used in this paper. A case study of an 18-bus test grid with real measured PMU data from a 110 kV distribution grid demonstrates the improving of the system’s state variable’s quality by using synchrophasors. The increased requirements, which are the prerequisite for the use of PMUs in the distribution grid, are identified by extensively analyzing the inaccuracy of measurement and subsequently employed to weight the measured quantities.

12

Comparative Analysis of Computed Tomography and 3D Scanning Geometry Acquisition Methods

Piękoś J., Grygoruk R., Siemiński P.

Machine Dynamics Research

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2017

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Vol. 41, No. 3

13--25

EN

This article describes the measurement of the external several samples’ shape using two methods: computed tomography and the optical 3D scanner. These tested samples were made from a homogeneous material (molded plastic parts) and non-homogeneous material (milled wooden part). The objects’ measurements were made to assess the metrological accuracy of both methods in engineering applications (reverse engineering), mainly for creating 3D CAD models. The results of these analyses were presented in the form of deviation maps and distribution of deviations. In addition, the cylindricity and circularity tolerances of selected fragments of plastic samples were verified. In conclusion, the outcomes of these comparisons were described.

13

Trimble m3 1” and south NTS-362R total station angle measurement accuracy analysis

Oleniacz G., Skrzypczak I., Świętoń T.

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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2017

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No. 24(1)

39--47

EN

The main purpose of this study was to obtain information about the actual precision of angle measurements with two instruments (Trimble M3 1 "and South NTS-362R), realizable in given measurement conditions. This object is achieved by using a simplified method of testing instruments contained in the PN-ISO 17123-3 standard [1]. This is a continuation of research described in [2], carried out on the same test base, but this time in a different, less favorable field conditions. The use of the same instrument has created an opportunity to compare and analyze the measurement results. The scope of work includes the measurement and results preparation along with statistical processing of the obtained results for both instruments.

PL

Głównym celem niniejszych badań było uzyskanie informacji o rzeczywistej dokładności pomiarów kątowych dwoma instrumentami (Trimble M3 1” oraz South NTS-362R), możliwej do uzyskania w danych warunkach pomiarowych. Cel ten zrealizowano wykorzystując uproszczoną metodę testowania instrumentów zawartą w normie PN-ISO 17123-3 [1]. Jest to kontynuacja badań opisanych w [2], przeprowadzonych na tej samej bazie testowej jednak tym razem w odmiennych, mniej sprzyjających warunkach polowych. Wykorzystanie w testach tego samego instrumentu stworzyło możliwość porównania i analizy uzyskanych parametrów. Zakres prac obejmował wykonanie pomiarów oraz zestawienie i opracowanie ich wyników dla obu instrumentów wraz z obróbką statystyczną otrzymanych rezultatów.

14

Analiza dokładności modelowania 3D budynków w oparciu o dane z lotniczego skanowania laserowego

Pilarska M., Ostrowski W., Bakuła K.

Archiwum Fotogrametrii, Kartografii i Teledetekcji

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2017

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Vol. 29

155--175

PL

Modelowanie budynków w dużej skali (miasto, kraj) jest trendem obserwowanym w wielu krajach. Modele budynków można tworzyć m.in. na podstawie danych z lotniczego skanowania laserowego oraz ze zdjęć lotniczych. Coraz więcej wagi przykłada się również do dokładności modeli 3D budynków. W artykule przedstawiona została analiza dokładności modeli budynków w oparciu o chmury punktów z lotniczego skanowania laserowego. Metodyka przedstawiona w artykule opiera się na wymaganiach odnośnie kontroli zaproponowanej w ramach projektu CAPAP. Wybrane zostały 3 obszary testowe, dla których dla każdej połaci dachów budynków obliczone zostały parametry statystyczne (odchylenie standardowe odległości punktów od płaszczyzny połaci, wartość średniej odległości między chmurą punktów a płaszczyzną dachu, błąd średni kwadratowy odległości - RMSE). Według przyjętego progu dokładności 1 m błędu RMSE dla obszaru 1: 1.04% połaci nie spełniło postawionego kryterium, dla obszaru 2: 0.63%, a dla obszaru 3: 12.63%. W drugiej części artykułu zaprezentowana została bardziej szczegółowa analiza modeli budynków. Dla połaci dachów wybranych modeli wygenerowane i poddane analizie zostały histogramy, które przedstawiają rozkład wartości różnic odległości normalnych punktów chmury od zamodelowanej płaszczyzny dachu. Metodyka analizy dachów modeli budynków na podstawie histogramów umożliwia nie tylko ocenę, czy dana płaszczyzna spełnia wymagania dokładności standardu LOD2, ale również, w jakim stopniu została ona poddana generalizacji.

EN

Building modeling for big areas (city and country modeling) is becoming more popular. Building models are generated among all from airborne laser scanning data and aerial images. Additionally, more attention is devoted to analysis of the accuracy of the 3D building models, especially concerning the accuracy of roof planes segmentation and their vertical and horizontal accuracy. In the article analysis which based on the airborne laser scanning point clouds is presented. The methodology, which is described in this article, based on the accuracy analysis proposed within the CAPAP project, which is currently conducted in Poland. In this approach three test areas were chosen. For every roof surface statistical parameters were calculated, i.e. standard deviation of the normal distance between the roof surface and the point cloud, mean distance between the roof surface and the point cloud, and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE). In order to assess the accuracy of chosen test areas, RMSE threshold equal 1 m was assumed. Additionally, according to in the analysis proposed within the CAPAP project, if 5% of the analyzed building models exceed the assumed accuracy by 20%, the model is not acceptable and should be corrected. For the areas, which were chosen in the article, one of them does not fulfill the assumed accuracy. Additionally, for the first test area, for 1.04% of the roof surfaces the RMSE value exceeds 1 m, for the second test area it was 0.63%, and for the third one: 12.63%. In the second part of the article more detailed analysis for selected buildings was conducted. For roof surfaces histograms, which present the distribution of the normal distances were generated and analyzed. The methodology of building models analysis which based on the histograms makes it possible not only to assess whether the building is generated properly and fulfills the CityGML requirements, but also to say if generalization has been conducted and how big impact does generalization have on the model. The automatic accuracy analysis of the building models can be very helpful in projects which cover big areas. The analysis may indicate buildings, which should be examined in detail. Additionally, accuracy analysis which based on histogram interpretation makes it possible to apply statistical tests in order to assess the if the values distribution is Gauss distribution and to examine whether the generalization during the building modeling was conducted.

15

The test programme concerning aircraft positioning and traffic monitoring – part II

Jafernik H.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2016

|

z. 93

41--48

EN

This paper presents the results of studies on the determination of an aircraft’s trajectory and positioning accuracy. The PPP method was applied to determine the aircraft’s position in kinematic mode for code observations in the GPS system. Computations were executed in the “PPP_KINEMTIC” software, whose source code was written using the Scilab 5.3.2 platform. The PPP_KINEMTIC software allows for the latitude coordinate to be estimated with accuracy between 1 and 6 m, the longitude coordinate to be estimated with accuracy between 0.5 and 2.5 m, and the ellipsoidal height to be estimated with accuracy between 1 and 7 m. The average value of the MRSE term equals 5 m with a magnitude between 1 and 8.5 m. In the paper, general libraries of the PPP_KINEMTIC application were presented and the PPP method was characterized too.

16

Turbine Wheel Prototype as an Exemplification of Model Geometry Influence on a Manufacturing Accuracy by Using the Chosen Rapid Prototyping Methods

Budzik G., Dziubek T., Klimek M.

Machine Dynamics Research

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2016

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Vol. 40, No. 2

55--67

EN

The article presents problems related to manufacturing complex geometry of turbine wheel in relation to FDM, Poly Jet and MEM methods. The basis for conducting the analysis was the process of modeling model geometry using 3D-CAD software, from which using selected additive RP methods the study models were manufactured. Using the optical measuring scanner Atos II Triple Scan and special diagnostic software the analysis were conducted to check geometry inaccuracies of study models obtained from particular RP methods. Conducted studies show for particular RP methods the most problematic areas of geometry with the highest inaccuracy in relation to base model. On their basis there is a possibility for further investigation connected with defining solution for elimination or minimalization of 3D-CAD model geometry inaccuracy generated during process of manufacturing by using RP methods.

17

A Comparison of the Accuracy of Bevel Gear Teeth Obtained by Means of Selected RP Techniques and the Removal Machining Method

Pisula J., Dziubek T., Przeszłowski Ł.

Machine Dynamics Research

|

2016

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Vol. 40, No. 3

147--161

EN

This article compares the accuracy of spiral bevel gear teeth obtained using the classical method and MEM as well as PolyJet methods. Gear models designed in a CAD software environment using hybrid modelling were used as the baseline. Steel gear teeth were performed by grinding. Measurements were taken on a P40 coordinate machine with the use of an Atos II Triple Scan optical scanner. On the basis of data from measurements, relevant accuracy analyses for the obtained geometry were performed and compared for each method of fabrication.

18

Analysis of the accuracy of reconstruction of the geometry driving wheel of gear pump with application of CATIA system

Zaborniak M., Tofil-Kozdra I.

Advances in Manufacturing Science and Technology

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2016

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Vol. 40, nr 1

55--66

EN

Modern methods of design and manufacture of gears are based on Computer Aided Engineering Systems. This article presents one of the methods to analyze the accuracy of mapping geometry of the model of driving wheel of gear pump designed in CATIA v5 System. Comparison of the accuracy of mapping of the geometry of the hybrid model has been performed with the source model of gear (model .stl format).

PL

Podstawą nowoczesnych metod projektowania i procesu wytwarzania kół zębatych są komputerowe systemy wspomagania prac inżynierskich. W pracy przedstawiono jedną z metod analizy dokładności odwzorowania geometrii modelu koła zębatego pompy zębatej wykonanego w systemie CATIA v5. Przeprowadzono analizę i porównanie dokładności odwzorowania geometrii modelu hybrydowego oraz źródłowego modelu koła zębatego (model .stl).

19

Wykorzystanie metody Single Point Positioning w programie gLAB do wyznaczenia pozycji statku powietrznego

Krasuski K.

Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Sił Powietrznych

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2015

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Nr 3

105--115

PL

W artykule przedstawiono możliwość wykorzystania programu gLAB do wyznaczenia pozycji statku powietrznego. W tym celu zastosowano jeden z modułów programu gLAB (moduł SPP) w trybie kinematycznym. Scharakteryzowano program gLAB oraz opisano konfigurację modułu SPP. W niniejszym artykule zaprezentowano również wyniki badań oraz dokładności pozycjonowania kinematycznego.

EN

In this paper, application of gLAB software to estimate aircraft position was presented. For this purpose, one of the gLAB modules (SPP module) in kinematic mode was used. gLAB application was characterized and configuration of SPP module was described. In the article results of research and accuracy of kinematic positioning were also presented.

20

Wykorzystanie efektu Dopplera do wyznaczenia pozycji statku powietrznego

Krasuski K.

Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Sił Powietrznych

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2015

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Nr 2

77--86

PL

W artykule przedstawiono metodę wyznaczenia pozycji statku powietrznego przy wykorzystaniu obserwacji kodowych i dopplerowskich. W tym celu stworzono aplikację „DOPPLER_GNSS” oraz opisano jej działanie. Omówiono zjawisko efektu Dopplera oraz zaprezentowano algorytm wyznaczenia pozycji samolotu. W części badawczej przedstawiono analizę dokładności pozycjonowania dla proponowanej metody obliczeniowej.

EN

In the article, the method of determination of aircraft position by using code and Doppler observations was presented. Specialised „DOPPLER_GNSS” software was created and the possibilities of its application were described. Doppler effect was characterized and algorithm of the software was shown. In the research part, analysis of accuracy of positioning for proposed calculating method was presented.