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Parachuting training improves autonomic control of the heart in novice parachute jumpers

Mazurek K., Koprowska N., Gajewski J., Zmijewski P., Skibniewski F., Różanowski K.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

2018

Vol. 38, no. 1

181--189

This study aimed to investigate the acute effect of skydiving and the chronic effect of parachute jump training on the cardiac response in novice and trained parachuters. The study included 11 experienced skydivers (expert group), aged 35.9 ± 7.2 years, and 12 students (novice group), aged 27.9 ± 7.2 years. Participants underwent 10-unit training in accelerated freefall (AFF) from an altitude of 4000 m. In experts, the highest HR was noted during the phase of opening of the parachute and during the landing phase, and in pre-training novices during the phase of exit from the plane and the descent by parachute. Mean standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN) was higher in experts than pre-training novices. In novices, post-training values of SDNN, root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), and the low/high frequency oscillation ratio (LF/HF) were higher, and HF and LF were lower, than pre-training values. In experts the values of SDNN, RMSSD, LF, HF, and total power spectrum (TP) were significantly higher and LF/HF significantly lower than in pre-training novices. Novice compared to experienced skydivers are characterized by higher modulation of the sympathetic, and lower modulation of the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system (ANS). Chronic effects of 10-unit AFF training are characterized by decreased modulation of the sympathetic nervous system, increased total power spectrum of HRV, and increased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system. The changes in ANS modulation suggest that parachute training leads to a reduction of the stress response and improves autonomic control of cardiovascular function in novice skydivers.